基于Web的公交查询系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着经济的飞速发展,汽车越来越多,城市的道路建设远赶不上城市化进程的加快,交通拥堵已成为制约城市发展的重要问题之一。城市公共交通覆盖面广、经济快捷。为了缓解交通压力,必须大力发展公共交通,提高公交服务水平,鼓励和吸引市民选择乘坐公交出行,从而改善交通状况。为此我们设计开发了基于Web的公交查询系统,为乘客出行提供详细全面的信息,进一步提高公交的服务水平。
本文从乘客的角度出发,研究了乘客的出行行为,对公交查询系统进行了需求分析;从系统开发环境、系统目标、设计流程、功能设计、模块设计和数据库设计六个方面进行系统的总体设计;通过抽象公交网络中的站点和线路,建立了公交网络数学模型,讨论了公交网络的最优路径算法,并在此基础上详细介绍了在三种不同目标情况下适合公交查询的最优路径算法;在需求分析、总体设计和基于网络路径最优的公交查询算法探讨基础上,对查询系统进行了详细设计,并成功将三种网络路径算法应用于系统的换乘查询中,系统还实现了线网维护、线路查询、站点查询和标志性地点查询的功能,最后利用武汉市25条线路和400个站点的实验数据,对系统的功能进行了测试,并对公交网络路径的算法时间和查询结果进行了分析。实验证明该系统界面友好、功能完善。
With the rapid economic development, there are more and more cars. The speed of cities’road construction is far behind the speed of the process of urbanization. Thus, traffic jams have become one of constraints which affect the development of cities. And public transportation has the advantages of wide coverage, economy and celerity. Therefore, in order to relieve the pressure of the traffic, it is necessary to develop public transportation, promote the level of public transport services, encourage and attract citizens to travel by public transportation. Based on the purpose above, we develop a web-based public transportation system, which provides detailed and comprehensive information for passengers and improves the level of public transport services.
this report covers the following aspects: requirement analysis of bus query system through research on passengers’travel activities; general design on system development environment, system objects, design process, functional design ,module design and database design; building mathematic models of bus network through abstracting the sites and lines in the bus network, based on which introduces optimal path algorithms of bus query suitable for three different situation; detail design of query system on requirement analysis, general design and query algorithms of bus network which bases on best network path ; applying three network path algorithms to transfer query of the system successfully; achieving the functions of maintenance of net line, line query, site query and query of landmark locations; testing the system’s functions with the experiment statistics of 25 lines and 400 sites in WuHan; analysis of the time and results of bus network path algorithm. And the experiment has justified that the system is user-friendly and the functions of the system are perfect.
本文从乘客的角度出发,研究了乘客的出行行为,对公交查询系统进行了需求分析;从系统开发环境、系统目标、设计流程、功能设计、模块设计和数据库设计六个方面进行系统的总体设计;通过抽象公交网络中的站点和线路,建立了公交网络数学模型,讨论了公交网络的最优路径算法,并在此基础上详细介绍了在三种不同目标情况下适合公交查询的最优路径算法;在需求分析、总体设计和基于网络路径最优的公交查询算法探讨基础上,对查询系统进行了详细设计,并成功将三种网络路径算法应用于系统的换乘查询中,系统还实现了线网维护、线路查询、站点查询和标志性地点查询的功能,最后利用武汉市25条线路和400个站点的实验数据,对系统的功能进行了测试,并对公交网络路径的算法时间和查询结果进行了分析。实验证明该系统界面友好、功能完善。
With the rapid economic development, there are more and more cars. The speed of cities’road construction is far behind the speed of the process of urbanization. Thus, traffic jams have become one of constraints which affect the development of cities. And public transportation has the advantages of wide coverage, economy and celerity. Therefore, in order to relieve the pressure of the traffic, it is necessary to develop public transportation, promote the level of public transport services, encourage and attract citizens to travel by public transportation. Based on the purpose above, we develop a web-based public transportation system, which provides detailed and comprehensive information for passengers and improves the level of public transport services.
this report covers the following aspects: requirement analysis of bus query system through research on passengers’travel activities; general design on system development environment, system objects, design process, functional design ,module design and database design; building mathematic models of bus network through abstracting the sites and lines in the bus network, based on which introduces optimal path algorithms of bus query suitable for three different situation; detail design of query system on requirement analysis, general design and query algorithms of bus network which bases on best network path ; applying three network path algorithms to transfer query of the system successfully; achieving the functions of maintenance of net line, line query, site query and query of landmark locations; testing the system’s functions with the experiment statistics of 25 lines and 400 sites in WuHan; analysis of the time and results of bus network path algorithm. And the experiment has justified that the system is user-friendly and the functions of the system are perfect.
引文
[1]吴荣林.浅议城乡公交服务质量问题及对策.城市公共交通, 2007, 8: 11-12.
[2]彭晓伟,胡子祥.城市公交服务质量乘客评价的实证研究.西南交通大学学报, 2007, 8(5): 12-16.
[3] Jeffrey L,Victor J. Blue Toward the design of Intelligent Traveler Information Systermes, Transportation Research Part C6, 1998: 157-172.
[4] Schoon, John G. Transportation capstone design project: Review and future directions. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 1994(120): 70-89.
[5] Figlali, Alpaslan. A multiobjective approach to transportation network design. 91 Portland Int Conf Manage Eng Technol, 1992: 323-327.
[6] Hoshino S, Shinozaki. Optimal design, evaluation, and analysis of AGV transportation systems based on various transportation demands. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005: 1400-1406.
[7] Frieslaar A, Jones J. Towards a public transport corridor strategy for Cape Town. In: 24th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, SATC 2005: Transport Challenges for 2010, 2005: 352-361.
[8]张帅.基于ITS的智能乘客信息系统研究.河北工业大学硕士论文. 2004.
[9]杨新苗,王炜.发展适合我国城市的公交乘客信息系统[J].城市公交规划与管理, 2000, 10(5): 27-29.
[10]乐阳,龚健雅. Dijkstra最短路径算法的一种高效率实现[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报, 1999, 24: 12-14.
[11]张存保,李华基.基于WebGIS的城市公交问路系统[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版), 2004, 1: 99-102.
[12] Anderson J. Studies on onchocerciasis in the United Cameroon Republic. III. A four year follow-up of 6 rain-forest and 6 Sudan-savanna villages. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1977, 70(5): 362–373.
[13] Spiess H, Florian M. Optimal strategies: A new assignment model for transit network . Transportation Research, 1989, 23: 83-102.
[14] Nicholas A. Koncz. A data model for multi-dimensional transportation applications. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1996, 16(6): 551-569.
[15] Gentile M, Mannan, M. Fuzzy logic methodology for accident frequency assessment in hazardous materials transportation. Center for Chemical Process Safety-19th Annual International Conference-Emergency Planning Preparedness, Prevention and Response, 2004: 215-224.
[16]李玉芝.基于组件式GIS的城市公交查询系统的设计与实现.昆明理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006.
[17]彭其渊,王喆.我国大城市公交门户网站现状调查与发展对策.交通与计算机, 2007, 5(25): 114-117.
[18]蔡巍,王飞龙.政府网站的性能测试与流量分析.厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 43(3): 336-339.
[19]张国伍,钱大琳.公共交通线路网多条最短路径算法[J].系统工程理论与实践, 1992, 4: 28-33.
[20]王祖祥,高成修.公交最短路算法与公交路径集生成技术[J].系统工程, 1993, 4: 42-46.
[21]肖宏年,曾祥绪.城市交通咨询系统的模型建立[J].湖北工学院学报, 1995,4: 95-98.
[22]杨新苗,王炜.基于GIS的公交乘客出行路径选择模型[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 6: 36-39.
[23]陈箫枫蔡秀云.最短路径算法分析及其在公交查询的应用[J].工程图学学报,2001, 22(3): 20-24.
[24]于小平,杨国东.城市公交查询系统的设计与实现[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2005, 6: 75-79.
[25]何俊,戴浩.时间依赖的交通网络模型及最短路径算法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 6: 86-89.
[26]张永梅,韩焱.城市公交查询系统的研究与设计[J].计算机应用, 2005, 25(2): 422-425.
[27]冯林,孙宇哲.基于层次空间推理的公交最优乘车方案[J].计算机工程, 2005, 21: 92-94.
[28] Karu K, Roivas T. The quality of public transport as a determinant of the number of car commuters. Urban Transport XIII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 2007: 13-22.
[29] Cox , John B. Public transport trends - Efficiency and equity considerations. Road and Transport Research, 2007, 16(3): 41-55.
[30] Liu C L. Best-Path planning for public transportation systems. In: Proc of the 5th International IEEE conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems[C]. Singapore, 2002: 834-839.
[31]王凌.城市公交乘客信息系统研究.西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文. 2007.
[32]樊建. ASP.NET+ADO.NET项目开发实例.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[32]刘振岩.基于.NET的Web程序设计- ASP.NET标准教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006.
[33]张庆华. ASP.NET 2.0完全自学手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[34]胡迎松,彭利文.基于.NET的Web应用三层结构设计技术[J].计算机工程, 2003, 8: 99-106.
[35]卞峰,林宏基.基于.NET框架的三层架构构建企业WEB应用的研究与开发[J].福建电脑, 2006, 4: 110-111.
[36] Maslov S, Sneppen,K. Specificity and stability in topology of Protein networks. Science, 2002, 296: 910-913.
[37] Barthelemy M. Betweenness centrality in large complex networks. The European Physical Journal B, 2004, 38: 163-168.
[38] NewMan M, Givan M. Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Physical Review E, 2004.
[39] Barrat A, Weight M. On the properties of small world network. Eur. Phys. J.B, 2000, 13: 547-560.
[40]郭云开,陈正阳.基于GIS的公交查询系统线网模型分析方法[J].湖南交通科技,2007, 33(3): 135-138.
[41]陈皓,晁遂. GIS在城市公交查询系统中的应用[J].交通标准化, 2007, 9: 195-197.
[42]吴永军,蔡永香.城市公交查询系统的设计与实现[J].测绘信息与工程, 2006,31(5): 40-42.
[43]蒋君鑫.城市公交查询系统设计[J].经济技术协作信息, 2007, 14: 75-75.
[44]严蔚敏,昊伟民.数据结构.北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.
[45]华泽,张浩,张妮.公交信息服务系统的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程, 2007, 35(12): 115-116.
[46]魏东岚.基于MapX的城市公交查询系统[J].地理空间信息, 2006, 4(1): 28-30.
[47]梁虹,袁小群.一种新的公交数据模型与公交查询系统实现[J].计算机工程与应用, 2007, 43(3): 234-238
[2]彭晓伟,胡子祥.城市公交服务质量乘客评价的实证研究.西南交通大学学报, 2007, 8(5): 12-16.
[3] Jeffrey L,Victor J. Blue Toward the design of Intelligent Traveler Information Systermes, Transportation Research Part C6, 1998: 157-172.
[4] Schoon, John G. Transportation capstone design project: Review and future directions. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 1994(120): 70-89.
[5] Figlali, Alpaslan. A multiobjective approach to transportation network design. 91 Portland Int Conf Manage Eng Technol, 1992: 323-327.
[6] Hoshino S, Shinozaki. Optimal design, evaluation, and analysis of AGV transportation systems based on various transportation demands. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2005: 1400-1406.
[7] Frieslaar A, Jones J. Towards a public transport corridor strategy for Cape Town. In: 24th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, SATC 2005: Transport Challenges for 2010, 2005: 352-361.
[8]张帅.基于ITS的智能乘客信息系统研究.河北工业大学硕士论文. 2004.
[9]杨新苗,王炜.发展适合我国城市的公交乘客信息系统[J].城市公交规划与管理, 2000, 10(5): 27-29.
[10]乐阳,龚健雅. Dijkstra最短路径算法的一种高效率实现[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报, 1999, 24: 12-14.
[11]张存保,李华基.基于WebGIS的城市公交问路系统[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版), 2004, 1: 99-102.
[12] Anderson J. Studies on onchocerciasis in the United Cameroon Republic. III. A four year follow-up of 6 rain-forest and 6 Sudan-savanna villages. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1977, 70(5): 362–373.
[13] Spiess H, Florian M. Optimal strategies: A new assignment model for transit network . Transportation Research, 1989, 23: 83-102.
[14] Nicholas A. Koncz. A data model for multi-dimensional transportation applications. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1996, 16(6): 551-569.
[15] Gentile M, Mannan, M. Fuzzy logic methodology for accident frequency assessment in hazardous materials transportation. Center for Chemical Process Safety-19th Annual International Conference-Emergency Planning Preparedness, Prevention and Response, 2004: 215-224.
[16]李玉芝.基于组件式GIS的城市公交查询系统的设计与实现.昆明理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006.
[17]彭其渊,王喆.我国大城市公交门户网站现状调查与发展对策.交通与计算机, 2007, 5(25): 114-117.
[18]蔡巍,王飞龙.政府网站的性能测试与流量分析.厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 43(3): 336-339.
[19]张国伍,钱大琳.公共交通线路网多条最短路径算法[J].系统工程理论与实践, 1992, 4: 28-33.
[20]王祖祥,高成修.公交最短路算法与公交路径集生成技术[J].系统工程, 1993, 4: 42-46.
[21]肖宏年,曾祥绪.城市交通咨询系统的模型建立[J].湖北工学院学报, 1995,4: 95-98.
[22]杨新苗,王炜.基于GIS的公交乘客出行路径选择模型[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 6: 36-39.
[23]陈箫枫蔡秀云.最短路径算法分析及其在公交查询的应用[J].工程图学学报,2001, 22(3): 20-24.
[24]于小平,杨国东.城市公交查询系统的设计与实现[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版), 2005, 6: 75-79.
[25]何俊,戴浩.时间依赖的交通网络模型及最短路径算法[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 6: 86-89.
[26]张永梅,韩焱.城市公交查询系统的研究与设计[J].计算机应用, 2005, 25(2): 422-425.
[27]冯林,孙宇哲.基于层次空间推理的公交最优乘车方案[J].计算机工程, 2005, 21: 92-94.
[28] Karu K, Roivas T. The quality of public transport as a determinant of the number of car commuters. Urban Transport XIII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 2007: 13-22.
[29] Cox , John B. Public transport trends - Efficiency and equity considerations. Road and Transport Research, 2007, 16(3): 41-55.
[30] Liu C L. Best-Path planning for public transportation systems. In: Proc of the 5th International IEEE conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems[C]. Singapore, 2002: 834-839.
[31]王凌.城市公交乘客信息系统研究.西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文. 2007.
[32]樊建. ASP.NET+ADO.NET项目开发实例.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[32]刘振岩.基于.NET的Web程序设计- ASP.NET标准教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006.
[33]张庆华. ASP.NET 2.0完全自学手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[34]胡迎松,彭利文.基于.NET的Web应用三层结构设计技术[J].计算机工程, 2003, 8: 99-106.
[35]卞峰,林宏基.基于.NET框架的三层架构构建企业WEB应用的研究与开发[J].福建电脑, 2006, 4: 110-111.
[36] Maslov S, Sneppen,K. Specificity and stability in topology of Protein networks. Science, 2002, 296: 910-913.
[37] Barthelemy M. Betweenness centrality in large complex networks. The European Physical Journal B, 2004, 38: 163-168.
[38] NewMan M, Givan M. Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Physical Review E, 2004.
[39] Barrat A, Weight M. On the properties of small world network. Eur. Phys. J.B, 2000, 13: 547-560.
[40]郭云开,陈正阳.基于GIS的公交查询系统线网模型分析方法[J].湖南交通科技,2007, 33(3): 135-138.
[41]陈皓,晁遂. GIS在城市公交查询系统中的应用[J].交通标准化, 2007, 9: 195-197.
[42]吴永军,蔡永香.城市公交查询系统的设计与实现[J].测绘信息与工程, 2006,31(5): 40-42.
[43]蒋君鑫.城市公交查询系统设计[J].经济技术协作信息, 2007, 14: 75-75.
[44]严蔚敏,昊伟民.数据结构.北京:清华大学出版社, 1997.
[45]华泽,张浩,张妮.公交信息服务系统的设计与实现[J].计算机与数字工程, 2007, 35(12): 115-116.
[46]魏东岚.基于MapX的城市公交查询系统[J].地理空间信息, 2006, 4(1): 28-30.
[47]梁虹,袁小群.一种新的公交数据模型与公交查询系统实现[J].计算机工程与应用, 2007, 43(3): 234-238