内蒙古自治区毕力赫金矿蚀变和流体包裹体特征分析
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摘要
毕力赫金矿地处华北板块北缘重要的金成矿带上,大地构造位置处于华北板块北缘叠接俯冲带南部近华北板块一侧。经前人工作,将毕力赫矿区圈定了5条矿化蚀变带,即Ⅰ矿带、Ⅱ矿带、26号矿脉、23号矿脉和22号矿脉,其中Ⅰ矿带于1998年投产出矿,目前资源接近枯竭。Ⅱ矿带为2007年武警黄金研究所新发现矿体,已提交储量约20吨。其它几个矿脉正在勘查之中。
本论文在矿床地质特征野外调查基础上,通过手标本、显微镜观察和近红外光谱测量,重点进行了Ⅰ矿带五、六中段蚀变类型、蚀变空间分带及其与金矿化的关系研究;系统进行了Ⅰ矿带和Ⅱ矿带流体包裹体岩相学、均一温度和盐度的研究。综合矿区地质特征、蚀变特征以及流体包裹体特征,总结了矿区成矿特点,并就矿区近外围成矿潜力进行了探讨,得出结论如下:
(1)赋矿围岩:Ⅰ矿带赋矿岩性主要为安山岩、花岗闪长玢岩、花岗斑岩,Ⅱ矿带赋矿围岩主要为次火山杂岩体(包括花岗闪长玢岩、二长花岗斑岩)和少量火山碎屑岩。其中次火山杂岩体的分布受北西向和北东向构造控制。
(2)矿区围岩蚀变主要有绿泥石化、硅化、绢云母化、泥化、电气石化、碳酸盐化。其中绿泥石化主要分布在矿体外围,而硅化、绢云母化、泥化与金矿化关系密切,并呈线性沿构造带和岩体与地层接触带分布。其中,构造交汇部位和岩体与地层接触部位硅化、绢云母化、泥化等蚀变较为强烈。
(3)Ⅰ矿带五、六中段流体包裹体研究结果表明:流体包裹体具有丰度高、个体小的特点,包裹体类型包括NaCl-H2O包裹体(纯气体、富气相和富液相)和含子晶的包裹体,其中以富液相NaCl-H2O包裹体为主。均一温度出现了三个峰值区,分别为220℃-280℃、160℃-220℃、120℃-160℃,表明主成矿阶段均一温度为160℃-220℃。盐度多<5%。这表明成矿流体具有低温低盐度特点。Ⅱ矿带流体包裹体测试结果与Ⅰ矿带一致。
(4)综合矿区与金矿化关系密切的诸因素,推测22号矿脉和Ⅱ矿带南东部河沟处为金成矿有利部位。
Bilihe gold mine lie in the north edge of Huabei tectonic plate. As an important gold mineralization area, it is in southern subduction zone closing to Huabei plate. From pervious works, five mineralization alteration zones were cycled in Bilihe mining zone: zone No.1 (exploited), zone No. 2 (new reserves found), No.26 vein, No.23 vein, and No.22 vein.
Geological background of deposit of the mining zone have been investigated in detail. Rock samples from 201 mine body of zone No.1 were studied through microscope and Near-Infrared spectrometer to identify the types of alteration, spatial distribution, and the relationship with gold mineralization. Rock phase of fluid inclusion, homogeneous temperature, and salinity have been studied from zone No.1 and zone No.2. Considering with the results of Geological background, alteration character, and fluid inclusion, the mine forming characters and prospective mines have been discussed. Results are listed below:
(1) Wall rock of mine body: Zone No.1 include andisite, granite-diorite-porphyrite, granite-porphyry; Zone No.2 include sub-volcanic rock (granite-diorite-porphyrite and monzonite-granite-porphyry) which is controlled by structure of north-west and north-east and minor volcanic clastic rock.
(2)Alteration of wall rock in mining zone includes chloritization, silicification, sericitization, argillization, tourmalinization, and carbonatation. Chloritization happened around mine body, Silicification, sericitization, argillization are in the same places with gold mineralization in many areas,and distribute along structural zone and contact zone of stratum, and stratigraphic crossing and contacting layer between rock body and stratum have strong silicification, sericitization, argillization.
(3) The study of high abundance and small size fluid inclusion from 5,6 middle parts of No.1 mining zone show that they are usually NaCl-H2O inclusion (gas phase inclusion and gas-fluid inclusion) and crystal inclusions. There are three peaks appearing in uniform temperature at 220 C-280 C, 160 C-220 C, and 120 C-160 C. It suggests that the mineralization temperature is 160-220 C, and salinity<5%.
(4)Considering gold mineralization in the mine zone and Near-Infrared spectra data, the No.22 vein and south-east river of No.2 mine zone could be the prospective mine zone.
本论文在矿床地质特征野外调查基础上,通过手标本、显微镜观察和近红外光谱测量,重点进行了Ⅰ矿带五、六中段蚀变类型、蚀变空间分带及其与金矿化的关系研究;系统进行了Ⅰ矿带和Ⅱ矿带流体包裹体岩相学、均一温度和盐度的研究。综合矿区地质特征、蚀变特征以及流体包裹体特征,总结了矿区成矿特点,并就矿区近外围成矿潜力进行了探讨,得出结论如下:
(1)赋矿围岩:Ⅰ矿带赋矿岩性主要为安山岩、花岗闪长玢岩、花岗斑岩,Ⅱ矿带赋矿围岩主要为次火山杂岩体(包括花岗闪长玢岩、二长花岗斑岩)和少量火山碎屑岩。其中次火山杂岩体的分布受北西向和北东向构造控制。
(2)矿区围岩蚀变主要有绿泥石化、硅化、绢云母化、泥化、电气石化、碳酸盐化。其中绿泥石化主要分布在矿体外围,而硅化、绢云母化、泥化与金矿化关系密切,并呈线性沿构造带和岩体与地层接触带分布。其中,构造交汇部位和岩体与地层接触部位硅化、绢云母化、泥化等蚀变较为强烈。
(3)Ⅰ矿带五、六中段流体包裹体研究结果表明:流体包裹体具有丰度高、个体小的特点,包裹体类型包括NaCl-H2O包裹体(纯气体、富气相和富液相)和含子晶的包裹体,其中以富液相NaCl-H2O包裹体为主。均一温度出现了三个峰值区,分别为220℃-280℃、160℃-220℃、120℃-160℃,表明主成矿阶段均一温度为160℃-220℃。盐度多<5%。这表明成矿流体具有低温低盐度特点。Ⅱ矿带流体包裹体测试结果与Ⅰ矿带一致。
(4)综合矿区与金矿化关系密切的诸因素,推测22号矿脉和Ⅱ矿带南东部河沟处为金成矿有利部位。
Bilihe gold mine lie in the north edge of Huabei tectonic plate. As an important gold mineralization area, it is in southern subduction zone closing to Huabei plate. From pervious works, five mineralization alteration zones were cycled in Bilihe mining zone: zone No.1 (exploited), zone No. 2 (new reserves found), No.26 vein, No.23 vein, and No.22 vein.
Geological background of deposit of the mining zone have been investigated in detail. Rock samples from 201 mine body of zone No.1 were studied through microscope and Near-Infrared spectrometer to identify the types of alteration, spatial distribution, and the relationship with gold mineralization. Rock phase of fluid inclusion, homogeneous temperature, and salinity have been studied from zone No.1 and zone No.2. Considering with the results of Geological background, alteration character, and fluid inclusion, the mine forming characters and prospective mines have been discussed. Results are listed below:
(1) Wall rock of mine body: Zone No.1 include andisite, granite-diorite-porphyrite, granite-porphyry; Zone No.2 include sub-volcanic rock (granite-diorite-porphyrite and monzonite-granite-porphyry) which is controlled by structure of north-west and north-east and minor volcanic clastic rock.
(2)Alteration of wall rock in mining zone includes chloritization, silicification, sericitization, argillization, tourmalinization, and carbonatation. Chloritization happened around mine body, Silicification, sericitization, argillization are in the same places with gold mineralization in many areas,and distribute along structural zone and contact zone of stratum, and stratigraphic crossing and contacting layer between rock body and stratum have strong silicification, sericitization, argillization.
(3) The study of high abundance and small size fluid inclusion from 5,6 middle parts of No.1 mining zone show that they are usually NaCl-H2O inclusion (gas phase inclusion and gas-fluid inclusion) and crystal inclusions. There are three peaks appearing in uniform temperature at 220 C-280 C, 160 C-220 C, and 120 C-160 C. It suggests that the mineralization temperature is 160-220 C, and salinity<5%.
(4)Considering gold mineralization in the mine zone and Near-Infrared spectra data, the No.22 vein and south-east river of No.2 mine zone could be the prospective mine zone.
引文
[1]李进文,王存贤.内蒙古白乃庙地区金矿成矿作用.现代地质,2003,17(3):275-280.
[2]陈琦,仇甘霖,杜玉申,等.白乃庙—温都尔庙区域构造及华北北缘古板块构造演化[ J ].长春地质学院学报,1992,22:119 -129.
[3]陈昌勇,华北地块北缘金矿床类型及成矿系列.辽宁地质,1998,3:214-223.
[4]和钟铧,梁一鸿.内蒙古白乃庙金矿断裂构造控矿研究.地质与勘探,2001,37(2):28-32.
[5]董福辰,李丽.内蒙古白音哈尔金矿矿床类型和金的赋存状态.西北地质,2008,41(2):49-56.
[6]何谷先.近矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系.新疆有色金属,1996,4:2-7.
[7]胡受奚.交代蚀变岩岩石学及其找矿意义.地质出版社,2004:86-89.
[8]章革,连长云.便携式短波红外矿物分析仪(PIMA)在西藏墨竹工卡县驱龙铜矿区矿物填图中的应用.地质通报,2005,24(5):480-484.
[9]韩剑.近红外矿物光谱技术研究及其在德兴斑岩铜矿的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学北京,2008.
[10]修连存,郑志忠.近红外光谱分析技术在蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用.地质学报,2007,81(11):1584-1590.
[11]张文淮,陈紫英.流体包裹体地质学.地质出版社,1993:205-222.
[12]李兆鼎.火山岩地区金矿的蚀变分带和成矿物理化学条件——成矿热流体与控矿环境相互作用过程的四维记录.地球学报,1997,18(2):151-161.
[13]张群喜,王建国.山东招远谢家沟金矿围岩蚀变特征及与金矿化关系.桂林工学院学报,2007,27(1):13-17.
[14]周军,陈明勇.新疆东准噶尔蚀变矿物填图及多元信息找矿.国土资源遥感,2005,4(66):51-55.
[15] Hassan Z. Harraz, Wall rock alteration, Atud gold mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt: processes and P-T-XC02 conditions of metasomatism, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 1999,28(3):528-550.
[16] John L. Muntean, Marco T. Einaudi, Porphyry Gold Deposits of the Refugio District, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile, Economic Geology, 2000,95:1445-1472.
[17]李碧乐,王建.黑龙江团结沟金矿区花岗斑岩体与金矿化的关系.黄金,1998,3(19):3-6.
[18]张海泉.胶西北金城金矿床蚀变岩石矿物研究.中国矿业,2005,14(3):42-44.
[19]董连慧.阿希金矿主要蚀变类型及其与金矿化关系.地质与资源,2001,10(3):129-132.
[20] Caetano Juliani, Rafael H. Corre?a-Silva, The Batalha Au-granite system Tapajo′s Gold Province, Amazonian craton, Brazil: hydrothermal alteration and regional implications, Precambrian Research, 2002:225-256.
[21]潘小菲,刘伟.北山金窝子金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化.岩石学报,2006,22(1):253-263.
[22]翟裕生.论成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,6(1):13-26.
[23] S. Morales Ruano, R.A. Both, A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Moonta copper–gold deposits, South Australia: evidence for fluid immiscibility in a magmatic hydrothermal system, Chemical Geology, 2002, 192:211-226.
[17] T. Campbell McCuaig, Robert Kerrich, P-T-t-deformation-fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics, Ore Geology Reviews,1998,12:381-453.
[24]吴开兴,胡瑞忠.滇西北衙金矿蚀变斑岩中的流体包裹体研究.矿物岩石,2005,25(2):20-26.
[25]缪宇,秦克章.东疆卡拉塔格梅岭铜(金)矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及其与紫金山式铜金矿床的对比.矿床地质,2007,26(1):79-89.
[26]门兰静,孙景贵.黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿床角砾岩型铜金矿体流体包裹体研究.矿产地质,2008,27(1):71-81.
[27]赵利刚,王建新.珲春上杨树沟金铜矿(化)区控矿条件与找矿方向.世界地质,2008,27(1):23-30.
[28]李洪奎,杨峰杰.沂沭断裂带中段两者类型金矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义.矿床地质,2007,26(6):659-666.
[29]黄树峰,陈玉水.闽中地区次火山——热液金(银)矿床成矿系列及资源潜力.中国地质,2005,32(1):115-122.
[30]张继武,孙超.新疆西天山伊什基里克西段火山—次火山岩型金矿带成矿地质条件及找矿预测.黄金,2003,24(2):13-18.
[31]贾大成,胡瑞忠.吉林延边地区中生代火山岩金铜成矿系列及区域成矿模式.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(3):224-230.
[32]李颖,刘连登.斑岩型金矿的概念及相关问题讨论.世界地质,1999,18(1):16-22.
[33]贾斌,毋瑞身.塔吾尔别克——阿庇因迪斑岩型金矿特征.地质与资源,2001,10(3):139-146.
[34]汪劲草,夏斌.伊宁吐拉苏火山盆地金矿成矿构造系统与远景评估.新疆地质,2003,21(4):383-387.
[35]陈宇湖.粤西化龙岗火山机构特征及其与冲口金矿点(床)的成因关系探讨.矿产与地质,2003,3(17):229-233.
[36]王京彬,王军升.新疆准噶尔地区与火山—浅成岩有关的金矿成矿系列.有色金属矿产与勘查,1997,6(增刊):25-32.
[37]金宝义,陈锦荣.黑龙江金厂金矿区火山构造及其控矿特征.黄金地质,2002,8(1):26-33.
[2]陈琦,仇甘霖,杜玉申,等.白乃庙—温都尔庙区域构造及华北北缘古板块构造演化[ J ].长春地质学院学报,1992,22:119 -129.
[3]陈昌勇,华北地块北缘金矿床类型及成矿系列.辽宁地质,1998,3:214-223.
[4]和钟铧,梁一鸿.内蒙古白乃庙金矿断裂构造控矿研究.地质与勘探,2001,37(2):28-32.
[5]董福辰,李丽.内蒙古白音哈尔金矿矿床类型和金的赋存状态.西北地质,2008,41(2):49-56.
[6]何谷先.近矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系.新疆有色金属,1996,4:2-7.
[7]胡受奚.交代蚀变岩岩石学及其找矿意义.地质出版社,2004:86-89.
[8]章革,连长云.便携式短波红外矿物分析仪(PIMA)在西藏墨竹工卡县驱龙铜矿区矿物填图中的应用.地质通报,2005,24(5):480-484.
[9]韩剑.近红外矿物光谱技术研究及其在德兴斑岩铜矿的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学北京,2008.
[10]修连存,郑志忠.近红外光谱分析技术在蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用.地质学报,2007,81(11):1584-1590.
[11]张文淮,陈紫英.流体包裹体地质学.地质出版社,1993:205-222.
[12]李兆鼎.火山岩地区金矿的蚀变分带和成矿物理化学条件——成矿热流体与控矿环境相互作用过程的四维记录.地球学报,1997,18(2):151-161.
[13]张群喜,王建国.山东招远谢家沟金矿围岩蚀变特征及与金矿化关系.桂林工学院学报,2007,27(1):13-17.
[14]周军,陈明勇.新疆东准噶尔蚀变矿物填图及多元信息找矿.国土资源遥感,2005,4(66):51-55.
[15] Hassan Z. Harraz, Wall rock alteration, Atud gold mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt: processes and P-T-XC02 conditions of metasomatism, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 1999,28(3):528-550.
[16] John L. Muntean, Marco T. Einaudi, Porphyry Gold Deposits of the Refugio District, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile, Economic Geology, 2000,95:1445-1472.
[17]李碧乐,王建.黑龙江团结沟金矿区花岗斑岩体与金矿化的关系.黄金,1998,3(19):3-6.
[18]张海泉.胶西北金城金矿床蚀变岩石矿物研究.中国矿业,2005,14(3):42-44.
[19]董连慧.阿希金矿主要蚀变类型及其与金矿化关系.地质与资源,2001,10(3):129-132.
[20] Caetano Juliani, Rafael H. Corre?a-Silva, The Batalha Au-granite system Tapajo′s Gold Province, Amazonian craton, Brazil: hydrothermal alteration and regional implications, Precambrian Research, 2002:225-256.
[21]潘小菲,刘伟.北山金窝子金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化.岩石学报,2006,22(1):253-263.
[22]翟裕生.论成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,6(1):13-26.
[23] S. Morales Ruano, R.A. Both, A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Moonta copper–gold deposits, South Australia: evidence for fluid immiscibility in a magmatic hydrothermal system, Chemical Geology, 2002, 192:211-226.
[17] T. Campbell McCuaig, Robert Kerrich, P-T-t-deformation-fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics, Ore Geology Reviews,1998,12:381-453.
[24]吴开兴,胡瑞忠.滇西北衙金矿蚀变斑岩中的流体包裹体研究.矿物岩石,2005,25(2):20-26.
[25]缪宇,秦克章.东疆卡拉塔格梅岭铜(金)矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及其与紫金山式铜金矿床的对比.矿床地质,2007,26(1):79-89.
[26]门兰静,孙景贵.黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿床角砾岩型铜金矿体流体包裹体研究.矿产地质,2008,27(1):71-81.
[27]赵利刚,王建新.珲春上杨树沟金铜矿(化)区控矿条件与找矿方向.世界地质,2008,27(1):23-30.
[28]李洪奎,杨峰杰.沂沭断裂带中段两者类型金矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义.矿床地质,2007,26(6):659-666.
[29]黄树峰,陈玉水.闽中地区次火山——热液金(银)矿床成矿系列及资源潜力.中国地质,2005,32(1):115-122.
[30]张继武,孙超.新疆西天山伊什基里克西段火山—次火山岩型金矿带成矿地质条件及找矿预测.黄金,2003,24(2):13-18.
[31]贾大成,胡瑞忠.吉林延边地区中生代火山岩金铜成矿系列及区域成矿模式.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(3):224-230.
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