悬索桥吊拉组合加固技术研究
|
摘要
悬索桥的跨越能力大、抗震性能好、轻型美观,已越来越成为特大跨径桥梁的首选桥型。随着时代和经济的发展,交通工具不断推陈出新,汽车载重量增大,速度提高,人们对行车安全、舒适性等都提出了更高的要求。由于悬索桥相对其他桥型还比较年轻,目前悬索桥的维修加固还没有进入一个大规模爆发的时期。但上世纪80年代及之前修建的悬索桥由于当时处于时代的局限性,跨度较小、荷载等级较低,随着车辆荷载及使用时间的增长,都已出现了不同程度的病害;而90年代后悬索桥有了很大的发展,先后修建了一批各具特色的悬索桥,且都处于国家五纵七横交通网的咽喉位置,在交通系统中发挥着极其重要的作用。由于我国超载问题凸显严重,投入运营后短短几年时间内也是病害不断。因此,如何才能经济、快捷、实用的加固好悬索桥提高其承载力具有十分重要的现实意义。
由于我国现代悬索桥起步较晚,悬索桥的加固还没有得到足够的重视。本文首先收集、整理了国内的发展状况及使用后的病害情况,提出了悬索桥加固提高承载力的必要性及紧迫性。
其次对影响悬索桥的安全因素进行了综合分析,由于国内对于悬索桥的加固研究很少,更没有相关的设计资料,通过对国外悬索桥加固的成功方法进行了总结,得出了修复部分受损主缆、增设辅助主缆、更换悬吊系统、改变加劲梁的结构形式、增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系等悬索桥加固方法。
本文以具体的工程为背景,利用有限元理论,对原桥进行了结构计算,并根据计算结果结合上述加固方法,对南盘江大桥进行了加固方案比选,提出采用增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系加固南盘江大桥的思路。由于新增斜拉索受到原桥客观条件的制约,考虑了多种因素(主梁及主塔的结构形式)对斜拉索锚固区及锚固方式的选择的影响,并对各种锚固方法的使用条件及构造要求进行了对比分析研究,对如何增加斜拉索有了一定的认识。
最后对加固后的吊拉组合体系进行了结构计算,并与加固前进行了综合对比,加固后的整体刚度、动力性能及承载力得到了很大的提高,验证了增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系加固悬索桥的可行性。
The suspension bridge, with its huge span capacity, fine quake-proof ability, and light and artistic features, is becoming the top choice among the huge span bridge. With the development of the times and the economy, the innovation in the transporting vehicle, the increasing of the car load and speed, greater demand has been raised by people to the safety and cozy of traveling. Compared with the other bridge, the suspension bridge is relatively young, so the great maintenance and strengthening to the suspension bridge is still in a relative small scope. However, the suspension bridge built in the 80s or before has some problems in various degree, because the condition in that time is greatly limited, the span and the load capacity is low, and the vehicle load is increasing and the bridge is becoming old. However, great achievement had been got after the 90s, numerous suspension bridge with distinctive features were built at that time. Besides, most of those bridges are located at the key position in the“five vertical and seven horizontal trunk national highways system”, and plays great role in the transporting system. However, as the overloading problem is extremely serious in China, problems are continually arising just few years after coming into service. Thus, great realistic importance is attached to how to strengthen the bridge and improve the load capacity of the suspension bridge economically, rapidly, and practically.
As the suspension bridge is still relatively new in China, the attention paid to the importance of the suspension bridge strengthening is not enough. First, this paper collects and sorts out the status of development and the problems rose after being put into service, and then bring out the necessity and urgency of enhancing the load capacity of the suspension bridge. Second, this paper will analyse the factors that affect the safety of the bridge comprehensively. As there is not enough research on the suspension bridge strengthening in China, let alone the relative design material, by summing up the successful method of the strengthening the bridge in foreign countries, this paper will get the conclusion of adopting the method of restoring the damaged main cable, adding assist main cable, altering the hanging system, changing the structural form of the strengthened bridge, adding the suspension cable to form the hanging and stressing assembling and so on.
This paper is based on the specific project, and uses the finite element theory to carry out the structural calculation. The relative strengthening method will be brought out according to the calculation results. After selecting the strengthen plan to the Nanpan bridge, this paper will bring out the thought of adding the suspension cable to form the hanging and stressing assembling so that the Nanpan bridge can be strengthened. As the new added cable will be constrained by the former bridge’s objective conditions, and considering the influence of the various factors (main cable and main tower structure form) to the choice of the anchoring manner and suspension anchoring area, and make contrast analyze to the working conditions and structure of various anchoring methods, the knowledge towards the suspension bridge strengthening is greatly enhanced.
At last, structure calculation will be carried out toward the strengthened hanging and stressing assembling, and comprehensive contrast will be made to the bridge before strengthened. The general stiffness, dynamic performance, and heavy load ability is greatly enhanced, so that the possibility of strengthening the suspension bridge by adding the hanging and stressing assembling is inspected.
由于我国现代悬索桥起步较晚,悬索桥的加固还没有得到足够的重视。本文首先收集、整理了国内的发展状况及使用后的病害情况,提出了悬索桥加固提高承载力的必要性及紧迫性。
其次对影响悬索桥的安全因素进行了综合分析,由于国内对于悬索桥的加固研究很少,更没有相关的设计资料,通过对国外悬索桥加固的成功方法进行了总结,得出了修复部分受损主缆、增设辅助主缆、更换悬吊系统、改变加劲梁的结构形式、增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系等悬索桥加固方法。
本文以具体的工程为背景,利用有限元理论,对原桥进行了结构计算,并根据计算结果结合上述加固方法,对南盘江大桥进行了加固方案比选,提出采用增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系加固南盘江大桥的思路。由于新增斜拉索受到原桥客观条件的制约,考虑了多种因素(主梁及主塔的结构形式)对斜拉索锚固区及锚固方式的选择的影响,并对各种锚固方法的使用条件及构造要求进行了对比分析研究,对如何增加斜拉索有了一定的认识。
最后对加固后的吊拉组合体系进行了结构计算,并与加固前进行了综合对比,加固后的整体刚度、动力性能及承载力得到了很大的提高,验证了增加斜拉索形成吊拉组合体系加固悬索桥的可行性。
The suspension bridge, with its huge span capacity, fine quake-proof ability, and light and artistic features, is becoming the top choice among the huge span bridge. With the development of the times and the economy, the innovation in the transporting vehicle, the increasing of the car load and speed, greater demand has been raised by people to the safety and cozy of traveling. Compared with the other bridge, the suspension bridge is relatively young, so the great maintenance and strengthening to the suspension bridge is still in a relative small scope. However, the suspension bridge built in the 80s or before has some problems in various degree, because the condition in that time is greatly limited, the span and the load capacity is low, and the vehicle load is increasing and the bridge is becoming old. However, great achievement had been got after the 90s, numerous suspension bridge with distinctive features were built at that time. Besides, most of those bridges are located at the key position in the“five vertical and seven horizontal trunk national highways system”, and plays great role in the transporting system. However, as the overloading problem is extremely serious in China, problems are continually arising just few years after coming into service. Thus, great realistic importance is attached to how to strengthen the bridge and improve the load capacity of the suspension bridge economically, rapidly, and practically.
As the suspension bridge is still relatively new in China, the attention paid to the importance of the suspension bridge strengthening is not enough. First, this paper collects and sorts out the status of development and the problems rose after being put into service, and then bring out the necessity and urgency of enhancing the load capacity of the suspension bridge. Second, this paper will analyse the factors that affect the safety of the bridge comprehensively. As there is not enough research on the suspension bridge strengthening in China, let alone the relative design material, by summing up the successful method of the strengthening the bridge in foreign countries, this paper will get the conclusion of adopting the method of restoring the damaged main cable, adding assist main cable, altering the hanging system, changing the structural form of the strengthened bridge, adding the suspension cable to form the hanging and stressing assembling and so on.
This paper is based on the specific project, and uses the finite element theory to carry out the structural calculation. The relative strengthening method will be brought out according to the calculation results. After selecting the strengthen plan to the Nanpan bridge, this paper will bring out the thought of adding the suspension cable to form the hanging and stressing assembling so that the Nanpan bridge can be strengthened. As the new added cable will be constrained by the former bridge’s objective conditions, and considering the influence of the various factors (main cable and main tower structure form) to the choice of the anchoring manner and suspension anchoring area, and make contrast analyze to the working conditions and structure of various anchoring methods, the knowledge towards the suspension bridge strengthening is greatly enhanced.
At last, structure calculation will be carried out toward the strengthened hanging and stressing assembling, and comprehensive contrast will be made to the bridge before strengthened. The general stiffness, dynamic performance, and heavy load ability is greatly enhanced, so that the possibility of strengthening the suspension bridge by adding the hanging and stressing assembling is inspected.
引文
[l]雷俊卿,郑明珠,徐恭义.悬索桥设计[M].北京,人民交通出版社,2002
[2]金增洪.1823～1940年悬索桥的设计理论与历史(下)[J].国外公路,1995
[3]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[4]铁道部大桥工程局桥梁科学研究所.悬索桥.北京:科学技术文献出版社,
[5]雷俊卿.悬索桥设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[6]铁道部大桥局桥梁科学研究所.悬索桥[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,
[7]范立础,徐光辉.桥梁工程(上册).北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[8]严国敏.现代悬索桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[9]姚令森.桥梁工程.北京:人民交通出版社,1995 [l0]徐君兰.悬索桥[M].人民交通出版社,2001 [l1]高杰.桥梁工程[M].科学出版社,2004 [l2]林荫岳.世界上第一座自锚体系斜吊杆悬索桥:日本此花大桥[J].国外桥梁.1993 [l3]田贺拴海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法「M〕.北京:人民交通出版社,2003 [l4]刘星庚,伍小平.大跨度桥梁中的几何非线性问题.湖南工程学院学报,2003 [l5]向中富,徐君兰.各种缆索形式吊桥的挠度理论分析[J].国外桥梁,1989 [l6]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997 [l7]郑史雄,周述华,廖海黎.悬索桥施工猫道的非线性抗风静力稳定性分析.西南交通大学学报,2000 [l8]奚绍中.大跨度桥梁和高层建筑抗风研究.西南交通大学出版社,1995 [l9]方明山,向海帆,肖汝城.大跨径缆索承重桥梁非线性静力稳定理论.土木工程学报.2000
[20]程进,肖汝诚,项海帆.大跨径悬索桥非线性静风稳定性全过程分析.同济大学报,2000
[21]程进,江见鲸,肖汝城等.考虑几何与材料及静风荷载的非线性因素的大跨径桥梁的静风稳定分析法.应用力学学报200219
[22]程进,肖汝城,向海帆.大跨径悬索桥静风扭转发散的级数解法.同济大学学报.1999
[23]T.VGalambos.Systems reliability ands trUctural systems StrUetUral Safety.1990
[24]Michel Ghosn and Fred Moses. Reliability calibration of bridgede signgcode.Journal of StructUral Engineering.ASCE1986
[25]A.M.Freudenthal.Safety of strUctures.Trans,ASCE,1947
[26]C.A.Conell.A Probability-based strUetural code.ACT, 1968
[27]Y.Fujino,M.Ngai.Statieand Dynmaie Prob1ems in Extreme1y Long Span Cable-Stayed Bridges,1991
[28]JinCheng,Jian-Jing,Jiang,Ru-ChengXiao,et al.Nonlinear aerostatic stbaility analysis of Jiang Yin suspension bridge Engineering Struetures,2002
[29]周孟波.悬索桥手册「M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[30]蔡国宏.明石海峡大桥营运阶段监控和养护新技术[J].中外公路,2002,22(3):45-48
[31]李运生.明石海峡大桥的监测[J].世界桥梁,2002,(3):52-54.
[32]欧庆保.江阴长江公路大桥上部结构的安全监测系统[C].工程安全及耐久性,2000.
[33]缪长青.江阴大桥原结构安全监测系统设计分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(n):81-86.
[34]朱绍玮.江阴大桥结构健康监测系统升级改造及初步数据分析[J].公路,2007, (4):69-72
[35]党志杰,郑杉.海洋大气环境下悬索桥主缆及吊索的腐蚀特点[J].桥梁建设,2000,(3):69- 71
[36]温文峰,张宇峰,马爱斌.悬索桥主缆的腐蚀与防护[J].腐蚀与防护,加07,28(H):598-601
[37]刘仲波,王海龙,陈伟.旧金山一奥克兰海湾新桥的主缆设计[J].世界桥梁,2004,(l):5-8
[38]李闯,黎世彬,徐绍机.悬索桥主缆防腐系统的现状分析[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4):64-67
[39]向桂兵.悬索桥吊索疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[D].2009.
[40]朱玉.大跨径悬索桥隧道锚变位分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005, 24(19):3588-3593
[41]朱玉.隧道锚设计体系中的关键问题研究与实践[D].2005
[42]赵启林.悬索桥锚锭及地基基础中的力学问题研究动态[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1):22-6
[43]蔡国宏华盛顿桥主缆股索的检查和维修[J].国外公路1996年10月第16卷第5期
[44]陈玉凤法国阿坤廷悬索桥的大修工程[J].世界桥梁2002年第4期
[45]姜天华,周履蓬特·杜阿尔特悬索桥的加固[J].世界桥梁2002年第1期
[46]叶觉明,周履狮门悬索桥大修工程[J].世界桥梁2002年第3期
[47]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].中国铁道出版社,1992.
[48]田克平.张志新.张铁成.桥梁施工组织设计与实例.北京:人民交通出版社.2002
[49]王钧利.桥梁施工技术及质量控制.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2006
[50]张哲,王会利,黄才良.自锚式斜拉一悬索协作体系桥梁设计与分析.公路.2006,(7):44-48
[51]王伯惠.斜拉一悬索协作体系桥(续).辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2000,2(4):1-7
[52]王伯惠.斜拉一悬索协作体系桥.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2000,2(03):1-6
[53]崔玉萍.钢一混凝土组合梁疲劳问题概述.市政技术.2004,(1):6-13
[54]孙淑红,蒙云.吊拉组合桥交接区域吊杆的疲劳问题研究.重庆交通学院学报.1999,(4):13-18
[55]邵旭东,胡建华编著.桥梁设计百问.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[56]党志杰.斜拉索的疲劳抗力.桥梁建设.1999,(4):18-21
[57]翟爱良.粘贴钢板加固混凝土梁的正截面承载力计算.山东农业大学学报.2002,33(3):343-346
[58]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1997
[59]张翔.大跨径悬索桥的几何非线性分析[J].第十二届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.广州,1992
[2]金增洪.1823～1940年悬索桥的设计理论与历史(下)[J].国外公路,1995
[3]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[4]铁道部大桥工程局桥梁科学研究所.悬索桥.北京:科学技术文献出版社,
[5]雷俊卿.悬索桥设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[6]铁道部大桥局桥梁科学研究所.悬索桥[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,
[7]范立础,徐光辉.桥梁工程(上册).北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[8]严国敏.现代悬索桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[9]姚令森.桥梁工程.北京:人民交通出版社,1995 [l0]徐君兰.悬索桥[M].人民交通出版社,2001 [l1]高杰.桥梁工程[M].科学出版社,2004 [l2]林荫岳.世界上第一座自锚体系斜吊杆悬索桥:日本此花大桥[J].国外桥梁.1993 [l3]田贺拴海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法「M〕.北京:人民交通出版社,2003 [l4]刘星庚,伍小平.大跨度桥梁中的几何非线性问题.湖南工程学院学报,2003 [l5]向中富,徐君兰.各种缆索形式吊桥的挠度理论分析[J].国外桥梁,1989 [l6]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997 [l7]郑史雄,周述华,廖海黎.悬索桥施工猫道的非线性抗风静力稳定性分析.西南交通大学学报,2000 [l8]奚绍中.大跨度桥梁和高层建筑抗风研究.西南交通大学出版社,1995 [l9]方明山,向海帆,肖汝城.大跨径缆索承重桥梁非线性静力稳定理论.土木工程学报.2000
[20]程进,肖汝诚,项海帆.大跨径悬索桥非线性静风稳定性全过程分析.同济大学报,2000
[21]程进,江见鲸,肖汝城等.考虑几何与材料及静风荷载的非线性因素的大跨径桥梁的静风稳定分析法.应用力学学报200219
[22]程进,肖汝城,向海帆.大跨径悬索桥静风扭转发散的级数解法.同济大学学报.1999
[23]T.VGalambos.Systems reliability ands trUctural systems StrUetUral Safety.1990
[24]Michel Ghosn and Fred Moses. Reliability calibration of bridgede signgcode.Journal of StructUral Engineering.ASCE1986
[25]A.M.Freudenthal.Safety of strUctures.Trans,ASCE,1947
[26]C.A.Conell.A Probability-based strUetural code.ACT, 1968
[27]Y.Fujino,M.Ngai.Statieand Dynmaie Prob1ems in Extreme1y Long Span Cable-Stayed Bridges,1991
[28]JinCheng,Jian-Jing,Jiang,Ru-ChengXiao,et al.Nonlinear aerostatic stbaility analysis of Jiang Yin suspension bridge Engineering Struetures,2002
[29]周孟波.悬索桥手册「M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[30]蔡国宏.明石海峡大桥营运阶段监控和养护新技术[J].中外公路,2002,22(3):45-48
[31]李运生.明石海峡大桥的监测[J].世界桥梁,2002,(3):52-54.
[32]欧庆保.江阴长江公路大桥上部结构的安全监测系统[C].工程安全及耐久性,2000.
[33]缪长青.江阴大桥原结构安全监测系统设计分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(n):81-86.
[34]朱绍玮.江阴大桥结构健康监测系统升级改造及初步数据分析[J].公路,2007, (4):69-72
[35]党志杰,郑杉.海洋大气环境下悬索桥主缆及吊索的腐蚀特点[J].桥梁建设,2000,(3):69- 71
[36]温文峰,张宇峰,马爱斌.悬索桥主缆的腐蚀与防护[J].腐蚀与防护,加07,28(H):598-601
[37]刘仲波,王海龙,陈伟.旧金山一奥克兰海湾新桥的主缆设计[J].世界桥梁,2004,(l):5-8
[38]李闯,黎世彬,徐绍机.悬索桥主缆防腐系统的现状分析[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4):64-67
[39]向桂兵.悬索桥吊索疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究[D].2009.
[40]朱玉.大跨径悬索桥隧道锚变位分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005, 24(19):3588-3593
[41]朱玉.隧道锚设计体系中的关键问题研究与实践[D].2005
[42]赵启林.悬索桥锚锭及地基基础中的力学问题研究动态[J].水利水电科技进展,2001,21(1):22-6
[43]蔡国宏华盛顿桥主缆股索的检查和维修[J].国外公路1996年10月第16卷第5期
[44]陈玉凤法国阿坤廷悬索桥的大修工程[J].世界桥梁2002年第4期
[45]姜天华,周履蓬特·杜阿尔特悬索桥的加固[J].世界桥梁2002年第1期
[46]叶觉明,周履狮门悬索桥大修工程[J].世界桥梁2002年第3期
[47]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动[M].中国铁道出版社,1992.
[48]田克平.张志新.张铁成.桥梁施工组织设计与实例.北京:人民交通出版社.2002
[49]王钧利.桥梁施工技术及质量控制.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2006
[50]张哲,王会利,黄才良.自锚式斜拉一悬索协作体系桥梁设计与分析.公路.2006,(7):44-48
[51]王伯惠.斜拉一悬索协作体系桥(续).辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2000,2(4):1-7
[52]王伯惠.斜拉一悬索协作体系桥.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2000,2(03):1-6
[53]崔玉萍.钢一混凝土组合梁疲劳问题概述.市政技术.2004,(1):6-13
[54]孙淑红,蒙云.吊拉组合桥交接区域吊杆的疲劳问题研究.重庆交通学院学报.1999,(4):13-18
[55]邵旭东,胡建华编著.桥梁设计百问.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[56]党志杰.斜拉索的疲劳抗力.桥梁建设.1999,(4):18-21
[57]翟爱良.粘贴钢板加固混凝土梁的正截面承载力计算.山东农业大学学报.2002,33(3):343-346
[58]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1997
[59]张翔.大跨径悬索桥的几何非线性分析[J].第十二届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.广州,1992