高中生自我和谐及其与心理压力、人格特质的关系研究
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摘要
高中生处于一生中成长的关键时期,其自我和谐水平对于高中生的健康成长,较好地适应社会和实现自身的价值都有重要影响。但国内少有研究探讨自我和谐与心理压力、人格特质的关系,本研究采用问卷调查法,抽取湖南省9所高中共1410名高中生为研究对象,对其自我和谐、心理压力、人格特质状况及其相互关系进行分析和探讨,研究结果表明:
(1)湖南地区高中生自我和谐程度的总体情况较好,自我和谐程度非常低的学生只占小部分。
(2)性别对自我刻板性的主效应显著,年级对自我灵活性的主效应显著;性别与学校类型对自我的灵活性的交互效应显著,年级和学校类型对自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性的交互效应显著。
(3)自我与经验不和谐、自我灵活性、自我刻板性与压力源大部分因子呈显著相关,与人格各因子呈显著相关,并能被压力源和人格各因子预测。
The senior high school student is in the crucial time which the life grows and the level of self-consistency and congruence level have the important influence on Senior High School student's healthy growth ,better adaption in society and realizing own value, But there are few domestic and foreign researches on it's relationship with stress and personality.
Using the method of questionnaire, this research explored the condition of self-consistency and congruence and its relationship with stress and personality through investigating the senior high school students studying in Hunan Province.
The results showed:
(1) The senior high school students studying in Hunan show a good self-consistency and congruence and only a small part of students are in very low self-consistency and congruence condition.
(2) Gender has main effects on self-rigidness and grade has main effects on self-flexibility; there are significant interaction effects between gender and school type in self-flexibility, and there are significant effects between grade and school type in self-experience inconsistency, self-flexibility, self-rigidness.
(3) Self-experience、self-flexibility and self-rigidness have significant relationship with most factors of stress and all factors of personality; And they can be estimated by some factor.
(1)湖南地区高中生自我和谐程度的总体情况较好,自我和谐程度非常低的学生只占小部分。
(2)性别对自我刻板性的主效应显著,年级对自我灵活性的主效应显著;性别与学校类型对自我的灵活性的交互效应显著,年级和学校类型对自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性的交互效应显著。
(3)自我与经验不和谐、自我灵活性、自我刻板性与压力源大部分因子呈显著相关,与人格各因子呈显著相关,并能被压力源和人格各因子预测。
The senior high school student is in the crucial time which the life grows and the level of self-consistency and congruence level have the important influence on Senior High School student's healthy growth ,better adaption in society and realizing own value, But there are few domestic and foreign researches on it's relationship with stress and personality.
Using the method of questionnaire, this research explored the condition of self-consistency and congruence and its relationship with stress and personality through investigating the senior high school students studying in Hunan Province.
The results showed:
(1) The senior high school students studying in Hunan show a good self-consistency and congruence and only a small part of students are in very low self-consistency and congruence condition.
(2) Gender has main effects on self-rigidness and grade has main effects on self-flexibility; there are significant interaction effects between gender and school type in self-flexibility, and there are significant effects between grade and school type in self-experience inconsistency, self-flexibility, self-rigidness.
(3) Self-experience、self-flexibility and self-rigidness have significant relationship with most factors of stress and all factors of personality; And they can be estimated by some factor.
引文
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[2]Rogers,C.R.Client-Centered Therapy.London:Constable&Company,1951:158.
[3]Rogers,C.R.The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.Journal Consult Psychol.,1961,21,95-103.
[4]Rogers,C.R.The concept of fully functioning person.Psychotherapy:Theory,Research,and Practice,1963,17-26.
[5]Patterson,C.H.Supervising students in the counseling practicum.Journal of Counseling Psychology,1964,47-53.
[6]Marcia,J.E.Development and validation of ego-identity status.Journal of personality and Social Psychology,1966,551-558.
[7]郭永玉编.人性及其差异的研究.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005:73-74.
[8]王登峰,崔红编.心理卫生学.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:36-38.
[9]王登峰,崔红.人格维度与行为抑制的相关研究.心理科学,2006,29(1):7-8.
[10]Walk AM.Rablem RA.& Rogers CR:Development of a scale to measure process changes in psychotherapy.Journal of Clinical Psychology,1960,16:79-85.
[11]Rogers CR:tentative scale for the measurement of process in psychotherapies.In M.P.Stein (Ed.):Contemporary Psychotherapies.New York:Free Press,1961:184-256.
[12]王登峰.自我和谐量表的编制.中国临床心理学杂志,1994,2(1):19-22.
[13]包陶迅.大学新生自我和谐水平与心理健康.浙江海洋学院报(人文科学版),2006,23(3):125-128.
[14]赵欢君.贫困大学生心理健康与自我和谐的关系研究.嘉兴学院学报,2006,18(2):139-142.
[15]赵冰洁,陈幼贞.大学生心理健康与自我和谐的关系研究.健康心理学杂志,11(6):478-480.
[16]左银舫,李梓等.中学生自我和谐与心理健康及其关系的研究.中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(5)·583-585.
[17]Higgins,E.T.Self-discrepancy theory:What patterns of self-beliefs cause people to suffer? In Lberknowitz(ed.),advance in experimental Social Psychology.1989,Vol 22,348-350.
[18]Duval,T&Wicklund,KJ.This self-consistency as a factor affecting self-esteem.Journal of Abnormal Psychology.1966Mar,Vo12(52),212-218.
[19]Stone,J.Self-consistency for low-esteem in dissonance processes:the role of self-standards.Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin.1999,Vol29(7),846-858.
[20]Loced,Kenneth,D.Re-construing the relational -interdependent self-esteem and its relationship with self-consistency.Journal of Research in Personality.2001,Vol41,389-402.
[21]罗京滨,曾峥等.贫困大学生自我和谐与自尊的调查分析.中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(5):586-588.
[22]张旭锦.中专生自我和谐水平,自尊水平及相关研究.湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2006,6(2):125-127.
[23]Ray C.Lindop J.The concept of Coping.Psychological Medicine 1982,1:385-395.
[24]Jussim Less & A1 Yen Hsiuju.Self-consistency,Coping and Accuracy in Reaction to stress.Journal of Social Psychology,2001,Vol146(4):463-483.
[25]李昊,李志凯等.高等职业技术学校大学生自我和谐及其应对方式的关系.中国临床康复,2006,10(38):45-47.
[26]李彦章,李敏.军医大学生应对方式与自我和谐的关系.中国临床康复,2004,8(6):1144.
[27]刘金凤,王蔓娜等.自我和谐与应对方式的关系探讨.山东精神医学,2005,18(3):143-144.
[28]彭虎军.高中生自我和谐与应对方式及其相互关系.中国学校卫生,2007,28(11):972-974.
[29]Elder,G;.,Nguyen,T.,&Caspi,A.Linking family hardship to children's lives.Child Development,1985,56;361-375.
[30]Lepers,J.H.and Downs,A.C.Mothers,fathers,and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviors in young children.Child Development,1980,51:1237-1247.
[31]Patterson,G.R.,Debaryshe B.D.,& Ramsey,E.,Oregon Social Learning Center.A developmental perspective on antisocial Behavior,American Psychologyist,1989,44:329-335.
[32]Baldwin A.L,Baldwin C P,Kasser T,etal.Contextual risk and resiliency durint late adolescence.Developmental Psychopath.1989,5:741-761.
[33]邹琴,李文虎.中学生父母教养方式与自我和谐相互关系研究.中国学校卫生,2006,27(3):203-204.
[34]沈怡芳,蔡春岚,吕桦.高等医学专科学生自我和谐程度与家庭环境因素的关系.中国行为医学科学,2006,15(12):1132-1133.
[35]李朝霞.大学生的社交焦虑及其与自我和谐的关系研究.华中师范大学学位论文,2004,12.
[36]王玮,安莉娟.大学生自我和谐状况及其与焦虑的相关研究.中国行为医学科学,2006,16(5):403-404.
[37]Swarm,W.B.Jr.,Griffin,J.J.,Predmore,S.C.,&Gaines,B.The cognitive affective cross-five:When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1987,43:59-66.
[38]杨琳娜.大学生自我和谐与主观幸福感的相关研究.四川师范大学教师教育学院学位论文,2007,5.
[39]蒋灿、阮昆良.大学生自我价值感与自我和谐的相关研究.西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,32(2):13-16.
[40]Waldor M K,Meklanos J J.Lysogenic conversion by filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin.Science,1996,272(5270):1910-1914.
[41]王立皓,童辉杰.大学生网络成瘾与社会支持、交往焦虑、自我和谐的关系研究.健康心理学杂志,2003,11(2):94-96.
[42]李志鸿,王凤兰.茂名市316名高中生网络使用、自我和谐与网络成瘾关系调查.华南预防医学,2007,33(6):59-61.
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