近十五万年以来渭南黄土剖面的元素碳记录
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摘要
“元素碳”是指燃烧产生的所有富碳、贫O－H－S-N的化合物，广泛存在于
各种沉积物中。由于它很好地记录了火灾历史，对之进行研究不仅有助于理解
植被动态演化过程，而且是古气候再造的一个重要途径。本文应用化学方法成
功地获取了陕西渭南黄土剖面近十五万年以来黄土样品中元素碳浓度和碳同位
素组成的数据，首次用元素碳来恢复黄土的古植被、古气候记录，为黄土古气
候研究提供了一个新的替代性指标，尤其是短尺度气候变化事件的良好指标。
近十五万年以来渭南黄土剖面的元素碳浓度范围为0．1‰－0．75‰，平均
为 0．26‰，在 11．97ka、19．95ka、27．41ka和 99．16ka有一个大于 0．5‰的峰
值，元素碳浓度变化的总体趋势与气候变化的趋势一致。
元素碳■~(13)C值范围从-8．97‰～-21．34‰，平均-17．31‰，主要反映C_4
植物的同位素组成特征，经与有机碳、孢粉、植物硅酸体等证据对比表明，近
十五万年以来渭南地区以草原植被为主，短暂时段有过不稳定的森林植被。
渭南黄土剖面的元素碳浓度曲线的总体波动形式与格陵兰GRIP冰芯氧同
位素记录曲线有相似性，并对短尺度的气候事件如：新仙女本事件（YD）、哈
团里奇事件（H1-H6）、Bond旋回等有较好的反映。频谱分析结果显示，渭南
黄土剖面的元素碳浓度变化的四个周期与地球轨道变化的四个特征周期相一
致。由此可见，元素碳浓度变化与由轨道驱动的长周期气候变化和短尺度气候
变化有关。
The term "elemental carbon" inculdes a wide spectrum of carbon-rich,
and O-H-S-N-poor compounds produced by combustions. Since elemental
carbon (EC) well records the fire history, studying the EC will not only
help to understand the dynamic process of vegetation evolution, but also
be an important way to reconstruct the paleoclimate history. The EC
abundance and carbon isotope ratios of the last 150ka loess samples from
the Weinan Loess Section have been analyzed using chemical methods for
the first time, and the paleovegetation and paleoclimate information of
the loess have been obtained. The study suggests that the EC can be used
as a new climatic proxy for pa1eoc1imate studies of loess, particularly
in revealing short-term climate changes.
The range of EC abundance is 0. 1‰-0. 75‰, with average of 0. 26‰.
There are 4 peaks greater than 0. 5‰ at 11. 97ka, 19. 95ka, 27. 41ka and
99. 16ka, respectively. On the whole, the fluctuation of the EC abundance
coincides with the climate changes.
The ■~(13)C values of the EC show isotopic characteristic of C_4. vegetation,
varying from -8. 97‰ to -21. 34‰, with average of- 17. 31‰, suggesting
that the pa1eoyegetation of the Weinan was dominated in grass1and with
occasionally forest since the last 150ka. This cognition is coincident
with the resu1ts of organic carbon, pollen and phyto1ith.
The f1uctuations of the EC abundance correlate we1l with that of 5
ls0 in GRIP ice core, indicating the existence of some short--term climate
change events, such as Younger Dryas, Heinrich events and Bond's cycles.
The spectra of the EC abundance show similar cyc1es with the orbital
variations. Thus it suggests that the changes of the EC abundance are
affected by the 1ong--term climate changes driven by the orbita1
variations as well as the short--term c1imate changes.
各种沉积物中。由于它很好地记录了火灾历史，对之进行研究不仅有助于理解
植被动态演化过程，而且是古气候再造的一个重要途径。本文应用化学方法成
功地获取了陕西渭南黄土剖面近十五万年以来黄土样品中元素碳浓度和碳同位
素组成的数据，首次用元素碳来恢复黄土的古植被、古气候记录，为黄土古气
候研究提供了一个新的替代性指标，尤其是短尺度气候变化事件的良好指标。
近十五万年以来渭南黄土剖面的元素碳浓度范围为0．1‰－0．75‰，平均
为 0．26‰，在 11．97ka、19．95ka、27．41ka和 99．16ka有一个大于 0．5‰的峰
值，元素碳浓度变化的总体趋势与气候变化的趋势一致。
元素碳■~(13)C值范围从-8．97‰～-21．34‰，平均-17．31‰，主要反映C_4
植物的同位素组成特征，经与有机碳、孢粉、植物硅酸体等证据对比表明，近
十五万年以来渭南地区以草原植被为主，短暂时段有过不稳定的森林植被。
渭南黄土剖面的元素碳浓度曲线的总体波动形式与格陵兰GRIP冰芯氧同
位素记录曲线有相似性，并对短尺度的气候事件如：新仙女本事件（YD）、哈
团里奇事件（H1-H6）、Bond旋回等有较好的反映。频谱分析结果显示，渭南
黄土剖面的元素碳浓度变化的四个周期与地球轨道变化的四个特征周期相一
致。由此可见，元素碳浓度变化与由轨道驱动的长周期气候变化和短尺度气候
变化有关。
The term "elemental carbon" inculdes a wide spectrum of carbon-rich,
and O-H-S-N-poor compounds produced by combustions. Since elemental
carbon (EC) well records the fire history, studying the EC will not only
help to understand the dynamic process of vegetation evolution, but also
be an important way to reconstruct the paleoclimate history. The EC
abundance and carbon isotope ratios of the last 150ka loess samples from
the Weinan Loess Section have been analyzed using chemical methods for
the first time, and the paleovegetation and paleoclimate information of
the loess have been obtained. The study suggests that the EC can be used
as a new climatic proxy for pa1eoc1imate studies of loess, particularly
in revealing short-term climate changes.
The range of EC abundance is 0. 1‰-0. 75‰, with average of 0. 26‰.
There are 4 peaks greater than 0. 5‰ at 11. 97ka, 19. 95ka, 27. 41ka and
99. 16ka, respectively. On the whole, the fluctuation of the EC abundance
coincides with the climate changes.
The ■~(13)C values of the EC show isotopic characteristic of C_4. vegetation,
varying from -8. 97‰ to -21. 34‰, with average of- 17. 31‰, suggesting
that the pa1eoyegetation of the Weinan was dominated in grass1and with
occasionally forest since the last 150ka. This cognition is coincident
with the resu1ts of organic carbon, pollen and phyto1ith.
The f1uctuations of the EC abundance correlate we1l with that of 5
ls0 in GRIP ice core, indicating the existence of some short--term climate
change events, such as Younger Dryas, Heinrich events and Bond's cycles.
The spectra of the EC abundance show similar cyc1es with the orbital
variations. Thus it suggests that the changes of the EC abundance are
affected by the 1ong--term climate changes driven by the orbita1
variations as well as the short--term c1imate changes.
引文
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