太阳能温差发电的研究
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摘要
现代化经济进入迅速发展的时期,人类生产和生活对能源的需求也越来越大,目前世界最主要的能源形式是电能,电能的主要来源是化石燃料能源转化而来,然而,由于化石能源的有限性和化石能源在使用的过程中产生的二氧化碳和硫的氧化物造成的温室效应和酸雨对坏境的破坏。全世界对新的能源的开发和利用越来越重视,特别是清洁、环境友好型能源备受关注。
太阳能是太阳以电磁波的形式辐射到地球上的一种能源,太阳能作为一种储量丰富、绿色环保的能源,通过各种转化方式可以将其转换为电能,从而缓解化石能源面临的枯竭的状况,也可以解决温室效应和酸雨腐蚀等全球性难题。
温差发电是一种直接将热能转化成电能的技术。通过温差发电技术和太阳热能的完美结合,可以将太阳辐射转化为电能;而随着材料技术的进步,半导体温差材料性能的提高,太阳能温差发电转换效率的提高,太阳能温差发电技术和太阳能温差发电器越来越受到关注。
本论文的主要内容如下:
1.介绍热电材料的发展、热电材料在温差发电领域的应用与发展现状;和太阳能的介绍及其太阳能温差发电的应用。
2.介绍热电的基本理论,分析了提高热电材料电优值的方法和温差发电器的功率输出;及其ANSYS热分析软件的基本原理。
3.应用ANSYS仿真软件对太阳能温差发电器模块两端温度最大化模型的优化仿真。
4.温差发电器的实验装置组成及其实验研究;通过几组对比实验的来验证仿真优化模型的可行性与高效性。
5.最后,对全文的总结分析,并对太阳能温差发电的看法与展望。
Modern economy enters the fast developing period of human life and production, demand for energy is growing, is currently the world's most main form of energy is electrical energy, power is the main source of fossil fuel energy conversion and come, however, due to the limitation of fossil energy and the carbon dioxide and sulfur acid produced in the use of fossil fuels, caused the greenhouse effect and the destruction of bad border . To development and utilization new energy are growing importance in worldwide, particularly clean, environmentally friendly energy.
Solar energy is the energy of electromagnetic radiation to the earth from sun, solar energy as the one kind of abundant reserves and green environmental protection, the energy can convert to electricity through various conversion ways and relieve the dry condition of fossil energy, also solve the global problems such as greenhouse effect and the corrosion of acid rain.
Thermoelectric power is a technology of transit heat energy into electricity directly. Through the perfect combination of thermoelectric power technology and solar thermal energy, solar radiation energy can be converted into electricity; And as progress of material technology, improving semiconductor thermoelectric materials and the performance of thermoelectric power conversion efficiency of solar, solar thermoelectric power technical and solar thermoelectric generator are paid more and more attention by people.
The main content of this paper is as follows:
1. Introduce the development of thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric materials in the application and development; Solar energy introduction and the application of solar electricity.
2. Introduction the basic theory of thermoelectric, analyses the way to improve thermoelectric materials’electricity optimal value and the output power of the thermoelectric generator; And introduce the basic principle of thermal analysis software-ANSYS.
3. Simulat the maximization temperature between two ends of solar generator module by use simulation software-ANSYS.
4. Study the component of thermoelectric generator device and do some experiments; Test simulation model feasibility and efficiency through several groups of experiments.
5. Finally, summarize this article and analyze the the prospect and view of solar thermoelectric power.
太阳能是太阳以电磁波的形式辐射到地球上的一种能源,太阳能作为一种储量丰富、绿色环保的能源,通过各种转化方式可以将其转换为电能,从而缓解化石能源面临的枯竭的状况,也可以解决温室效应和酸雨腐蚀等全球性难题。
温差发电是一种直接将热能转化成电能的技术。通过温差发电技术和太阳热能的完美结合,可以将太阳辐射转化为电能;而随着材料技术的进步,半导体温差材料性能的提高,太阳能温差发电转换效率的提高,太阳能温差发电技术和太阳能温差发电器越来越受到关注。
本论文的主要内容如下:
1.介绍热电材料的发展、热电材料在温差发电领域的应用与发展现状;和太阳能的介绍及其太阳能温差发电的应用。
2.介绍热电的基本理论,分析了提高热电材料电优值的方法和温差发电器的功率输出;及其ANSYS热分析软件的基本原理。
3.应用ANSYS仿真软件对太阳能温差发电器模块两端温度最大化模型的优化仿真。
4.温差发电器的实验装置组成及其实验研究;通过几组对比实验的来验证仿真优化模型的可行性与高效性。
5.最后,对全文的总结分析,并对太阳能温差发电的看法与展望。
Modern economy enters the fast developing period of human life and production, demand for energy is growing, is currently the world's most main form of energy is electrical energy, power is the main source of fossil fuel energy conversion and come, however, due to the limitation of fossil energy and the carbon dioxide and sulfur acid produced in the use of fossil fuels, caused the greenhouse effect and the destruction of bad border . To development and utilization new energy are growing importance in worldwide, particularly clean, environmentally friendly energy.
Solar energy is the energy of electromagnetic radiation to the earth from sun, solar energy as the one kind of abundant reserves and green environmental protection, the energy can convert to electricity through various conversion ways and relieve the dry condition of fossil energy, also solve the global problems such as greenhouse effect and the corrosion of acid rain.
Thermoelectric power is a technology of transit heat energy into electricity directly. Through the perfect combination of thermoelectric power technology and solar thermal energy, solar radiation energy can be converted into electricity; And as progress of material technology, improving semiconductor thermoelectric materials and the performance of thermoelectric power conversion efficiency of solar, solar thermoelectric power technical and solar thermoelectric generator are paid more and more attention by people.
The main content of this paper is as follows:
1. Introduce the development of thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric materials in the application and development; Solar energy introduction and the application of solar electricity.
2. Introduction the basic theory of thermoelectric, analyses the way to improve thermoelectric materials’electricity optimal value and the output power of the thermoelectric generator; And introduce the basic principle of thermal analysis software-ANSYS.
3. Simulat the maximization temperature between two ends of solar generator module by use simulation software-ANSYS.
4. Study the component of thermoelectric generator device and do some experiments; Test simulation model feasibility and efficiency through several groups of experiments.
5. Finally, summarize this article and analyze the the prospect and view of solar thermoelectric power.
引文
[1]滕吉文,阮小敏,等.地壳内部第二深度空间(5000～10000m)石油与天然气地球物理勘探:化石能源发展的必由之路[M].地球物理学进展,2010,25(2):359-375
[2]周金金,张文丽.热电材料的现状及特点[J].河北理工大学学报,2009,31(2):77-78
[3]张同俊,彭江英,等.热电功能材料及其在发电和制冷方面的应用前景[J].材料导报,2002,16(5):11-13
[4] Moon J W,Masuda Y,Koumoto K,et al.Ca-doped HoCoO3 as p-type oxide thermoelectric material[J].Appl. Lett,2001,48:225
[5]黄志勇,吴知非,等.温差发电器及其在航天与核电领域的应用[J].原子能科学技术,2004,S1(38):42-47
[6] NASA.Spacecraft power for Cassini.NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena,California, From the internet:http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cassini 2006
[7] Deutsch,Leslie J,Salvo,et al.NASA's X2000 Program-An Institutional Approach to Enabling Smaller Spacecraft[J].Acta Astronautica.2000,46(2-6):229-232
[8] Rowe D M. Thermoelectrics: an environmentally-friendly source of electrical power. Renewable Energy[M]. 1999,16(1):1251-1256
[9] Yodovard P. The potential of waste heat thermoelectric power generation from diesel cycle and gas turbine cogeneration plants[J]. Energy Sources,2001,23(3):213-224
[10] Mastsuura K, Rose D M,Tsvyoshi A,Min G.Large scale thermoelectric generator of low grade heat [A].Proceeding of 10th International Conference on Thermoelectic,Cardiff [C],U.K.,1991,233-238
[11]高峰,孙成权等.太阳能开发利用的现状和发展趋势[J].科技前沿和学术评论,2001,23(4):35-39
[12]赵媛媛.集热式太阳能温差发电装置的研究[D].[硕士学位论文],成都:子科技大学,2010,1-5
[13] Stevens J. W. Heat transfer and thermoelectric design considerations for a ground-source thermoelectric generator[C].Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Thermoelectric,Thermoelectric Soc,1999: 68-71
[14] Uemura K.I.History of thermoelectricity development in Japan[J].Journal of Thermoelectricity, 2002(3): 12-16
[15] Kish M, Nemoto H,Hanao T,et al.Micro-thermoelectric modules and their application to wristwatches as an energy sources.Proceedings of the 18th international conference on thermoelectrics[J]. Baltimore,USA,1999,301-307
[16] Tritt T,Littl etonr T,Popea L,et al.Strategies for the investgation of new bulk materials for t hermoelectric appplications[A].Proc 19th Int Conf Thermoelectrics[C]. Cardiff U K:
[17]罗承先.太阳能发电的普及与前景[J].中外能源,2010,11(15):33-39
[18] SolarDay 2010’s Worldwide Solar Mission[EB/OL].(2010-05-11).http://www. solardaily. com/reports/SolarDay_2010s_Woddwide_Solar_Mission_999. html
[19]山本将道.太阳电池市场的最近情势[J].石化工业,2010,31(4):8-10
[20]于静,车俊铁,等.太阳能发电技术综述[J].世界科技研究与发展,2008,30(1):56-59
[21]张华俊.半导体热电堆串联发电性能及热电堆复现性研究[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):394-397
[22]周颖慧.新型半导体温差发电器的优化设计[J].厦门大学学报,2001,40(4):882-887
[23]张建中,王泽深,等.同位素电池在探月及深空探测工程中应用的战略研究[M].中国电子科学研究院学报,2007,2(3):319-323
[24]屈健,李茂德等.半导体温差发电器的工作性能优化[J].半导体学报,2005, 144(2):20-23
[25]张建中,王凤跃,等.温差材料研究的新动向[J].电源技术,2003,27(1):64-68
[26]陈浩,邓忠华等.热电偶测温系统原理及应用[J].制造业自动化,2004, (26):68-69
[27]李晓波,方玲,等.关于新型半导体制冷方法的研究[R].科技资讯,2008,31,8-9
[28]赵翠娜.小型核动力中的温差转换技术研究[D].[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005,3-8
[29] R.O.Suzuki and D.Tanaka.Mathematical simulation of thermoelectric power generation with the multi-panels[C]. Journal ofPower Sources, February 2003,122:201-209
[30]蔡善钰,何舜尧.空间放射性同位素电池发展回顾和新世纪应用前景[J].核科学与工程,2004,24(2):97-104
[31]徐桂英,葛昌纯.热电材料的研究和发展方向[J].材料导报,2000,14(11):38-40
[32] Chen W,D Yckj S,U Her C,et al.Low temperature t hermoelectric properties of Ni doped n-type filled skutterudites Ba0.3Co4Sb12[A].Proc 20 th Int Conf Thermoelectrics[C]. Beijing China:IEEE Inc,2001,67-72
[33] Kyono T,Suzuki R O,Ono K.Conversion of unused heat energy to elect ricit y by means of thermoelect ric generation in condenser.IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2003,18(2):330Qu Jian,Li Maode,Le Wei,et al.Performance optimization for a semiconductor thermoelectric generator.Cryogenics, 2005,2:20-21
[34]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1-102
[35]钱卫强.低品位热源半导体小温差发电器性能研究[D].[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2006,3-10
[36]张朝晖.ANSYS 8.0热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005,3-4
[37]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007,1-32
[38]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003,1-51
[39]涂振飞.ANSYS有限元分析工程应用实例教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010,1-65
[40]贾磊,陈则韶,等.半导体温差发电器件的热力学分析[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2004,34(6): 684-689
[41]倪正顺,帅词俊.CAE方法中的优化技术及其应用[J].现代机械,2002, (2):16-18
[42]侯静,张亚新,等.基手ANSYS的U型管换热器的结构优化设计[J].轻工机械,2006,24 (1):26-28
[43]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,2-11
[44]李立明.太阳能选择性吸收涂层的研究进展[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2009,14(1):7
[45]熊涛,何美凤.热转换材料及太阳能热水器的现状和发展方向[J].材料导报:综述篇,2010,24(10):57-60
[46] Zhang Chtmhui,Mucciardi Frank,et a1.Application of controllable heat vipe cooling during the low pressure die casting of Aluminum alloys[c].Transactions of the American Foundry Society and the One Hundred Seventh Annual Castings Congress,Milwaukee,WI,USA, 26-29 Apr. 2003:69-79
[47] Saher Shawk,Sana Mikhail.Black Nickel coating for solar collectors.Materials and Manufacturing Processes, [J].2000,15(5):737-746
[48]王国文,王秀峰,等.梯度热电材料的研究进展[J].材料导报,2007,21(7):115-118
[49] S.B. Riffat, Xiaoli Ma. Thermoelectrics: a review of present and potential applications [J].Applied Thermal Engineering.2003,23(8):913-935
[50]冯卫东.有热的地方就能有电[N].科技日报,2008,2,14
[2]周金金,张文丽.热电材料的现状及特点[J].河北理工大学学报,2009,31(2):77-78
[3]张同俊,彭江英,等.热电功能材料及其在发电和制冷方面的应用前景[J].材料导报,2002,16(5):11-13
[4] Moon J W,Masuda Y,Koumoto K,et al.Ca-doped HoCoO3 as p-type oxide thermoelectric material[J].Appl. Lett,2001,48:225
[5]黄志勇,吴知非,等.温差发电器及其在航天与核电领域的应用[J].原子能科学技术,2004,S1(38):42-47
[6] NASA.Spacecraft power for Cassini.NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena,California, From the internet:http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cassini 2006
[7] Deutsch,Leslie J,Salvo,et al.NASA's X2000 Program-An Institutional Approach to Enabling Smaller Spacecraft[J].Acta Astronautica.2000,46(2-6):229-232
[8] Rowe D M. Thermoelectrics: an environmentally-friendly source of electrical power. Renewable Energy[M]. 1999,16(1):1251-1256
[9] Yodovard P. The potential of waste heat thermoelectric power generation from diesel cycle and gas turbine cogeneration plants[J]. Energy Sources,2001,23(3):213-224
[10] Mastsuura K, Rose D M,Tsvyoshi A,Min G.Large scale thermoelectric generator of low grade heat [A].Proceeding of 10th International Conference on Thermoelectic,Cardiff [C],U.K.,1991,233-238
[11]高峰,孙成权等.太阳能开发利用的现状和发展趋势[J].科技前沿和学术评论,2001,23(4):35-39
[12]赵媛媛.集热式太阳能温差发电装置的研究[D].[硕士学位论文],成都:子科技大学,2010,1-5
[13] Stevens J. W. Heat transfer and thermoelectric design considerations for a ground-source thermoelectric generator[C].Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Thermoelectric,Thermoelectric Soc,1999: 68-71
[14] Uemura K.I.History of thermoelectricity development in Japan[J].Journal of Thermoelectricity, 2002(3): 12-16
[15] Kish M, Nemoto H,Hanao T,et al.Micro-thermoelectric modules and their application to wristwatches as an energy sources.Proceedings of the 18th international conference on thermoelectrics[J]. Baltimore,USA,1999,301-307
[16] Tritt T,Littl etonr T,Popea L,et al.Strategies for the investgation of new bulk materials for t hermoelectric appplications[A].Proc 19th Int Conf Thermoelectrics[C]. Cardiff U K:
[17]罗承先.太阳能发电的普及与前景[J].中外能源,2010,11(15):33-39
[18] SolarDay 2010’s Worldwide Solar Mission[EB/OL].(2010-05-11).http://www. solardaily. com/reports/SolarDay_2010s_Woddwide_Solar_Mission_999. html
[19]山本将道.太阳电池市场的最近情势[J].石化工业,2010,31(4):8-10
[20]于静,车俊铁,等.太阳能发电技术综述[J].世界科技研究与发展,2008,30(1):56-59
[21]张华俊.半导体热电堆串联发电性能及热电堆复现性研究[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):394-397
[22]周颖慧.新型半导体温差发电器的优化设计[J].厦门大学学报,2001,40(4):882-887
[23]张建中,王泽深,等.同位素电池在探月及深空探测工程中应用的战略研究[M].中国电子科学研究院学报,2007,2(3):319-323
[24]屈健,李茂德等.半导体温差发电器的工作性能优化[J].半导体学报,2005, 144(2):20-23
[25]张建中,王凤跃,等.温差材料研究的新动向[J].电源技术,2003,27(1):64-68
[26]陈浩,邓忠华等.热电偶测温系统原理及应用[J].制造业自动化,2004, (26):68-69
[27]李晓波,方玲,等.关于新型半导体制冷方法的研究[R].科技资讯,2008,31,8-9
[28]赵翠娜.小型核动力中的温差转换技术研究[D].[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2005,3-8
[29] R.O.Suzuki and D.Tanaka.Mathematical simulation of thermoelectric power generation with the multi-panels[C]. Journal ofPower Sources, February 2003,122:201-209
[30]蔡善钰,何舜尧.空间放射性同位素电池发展回顾和新世纪应用前景[J].核科学与工程,2004,24(2):97-104
[31]徐桂英,葛昌纯.热电材料的研究和发展方向[J].材料导报,2000,14(11):38-40
[32] Chen W,D Yckj S,U Her C,et al.Low temperature t hermoelectric properties of Ni doped n-type filled skutterudites Ba0.3Co4Sb12[A].Proc 20 th Int Conf Thermoelectrics[C]. Beijing China:IEEE Inc,2001,67-72
[33] Kyono T,Suzuki R O,Ono K.Conversion of unused heat energy to elect ricit y by means of thermoelect ric generation in condenser.IEEE Trans.Energy Conversion,2003,18(2):330Qu Jian,Li Maode,Le Wei,et al.Performance optimization for a semiconductor thermoelectric generator.Cryogenics, 2005,2:20-21
[34]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1-102
[35]钱卫强.低品位热源半导体小温差发电器性能研究[D].[硕士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2006,3-10
[36]张朝晖.ANSYS 8.0热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005,3-4
[37]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007,1-32
[38]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003,1-51
[39]涂振飞.ANSYS有限元分析工程应用实例教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010,1-65
[40]贾磊,陈则韶,等.半导体温差发电器件的热力学分析[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2004,34(6): 684-689
[41]倪正顺,帅词俊.CAE方法中的优化技术及其应用[J].现代机械,2002, (2):16-18
[42]侯静,张亚新,等.基手ANSYS的U型管换热器的结构优化设计[J].轻工机械,2006,24 (1):26-28
[43]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,2-11
[44]李立明.太阳能选择性吸收涂层的研究进展[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2009,14(1):7
[45]熊涛,何美凤.热转换材料及太阳能热水器的现状和发展方向[J].材料导报:综述篇,2010,24(10):57-60
[46] Zhang Chtmhui,Mucciardi Frank,et a1.Application of controllable heat vipe cooling during the low pressure die casting of Aluminum alloys[c].Transactions of the American Foundry Society and the One Hundred Seventh Annual Castings Congress,Milwaukee,WI,USA, 26-29 Apr. 2003:69-79
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