大黄鱼早期发育生长与耐环境因子的遗传力估计
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摘要
大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)为我国特有的海水重要经济鱼类。由于长期的规模化养殖过程中缺乏科学有效的管理措施,大黄鱼的种质正面临生长趋缓、性成熟过早、个体小型化和抗病性下降等诸多问题,迫切需要进行种质改良,以培育出生长快,存活率高,抗病力强,适合集约化养殖的优良大黄鱼品种。而遗传力是水产动物的重要遗传特性,可研究和揭示数量性状的遗传规律,遗传力估计是水产动物选择育种中的一项基础工作,对正确评定育种值、制定和优化育种方案、探讨选育效果具有重要指导意义。
本研究通过巢式平衡设计和人工授精技术,构建了3个半同胞家系和9个半同胞家系进行大黄鱼早期发育生长对比试验,15个半同胞家系鱼苗对低盐、低溶氧和低pH值水体的抗性试验。并应用数量遗传学原理和半同胞组内相关法估计大黄鱼40日龄鱼种的体长、体重遗传力和对环境因子抗性性状的遗传力。结果表明大黄鱼的体重遗传力为0.29,体长遗传力为0.31;大黄鱼鱼苗在水体溶氧变化4.76～1.21 mg/L时2.5～10 h以内全部死亡,盐度变化8.05～9.03‰时1～30 h内全部死亡,pH值4.49～5.2时1～8 h内全部死亡。对低溶氧、低盐和低pH值遗传力分别为0.23、0.10和0.23。t检验结果显示体重和体长遗传力的估计值均不显著,耐低溶氧和低pH值的遗传力估计达到显著水平,耐低盐遗传力的估计不显著。
研究结果表明根据所估算的数量性状和阈性状的遗传力的大小进行大黄鱼选择育种,对于加快大黄鱼的种质改良,提高大黄鱼的生产性能,促进大黄鱼人工养殖业的健康持续发展及其产业技术升级具有重要的指导意义。
Pseudosciaena crocea is a important economical fish only belong to China.The breeding quality of Pseudosciaena crocea is faced with slowing growth,individual miniaturization, downing antidisease,and so on,duing to lack of effective manage measures.It must be cried for improving its variety quality to cultivate fasting growth,high survival,better antidisease, adapt to intensivism culturing.Heritability is the important genetic characters with researching and developing quantity traits.The estimation of heritability has direct meannning to discuss select effect,assess breeding value rightly,constitute breeding project,as a basic work in select breeding of aquatic animals.
In this study,the heritability of body length and body weight in Pseudosciaena crocea was estimated by means of intra group correlation of full-sibs at 40 days after hatching.Three sires and nine dams were mated by an artificial insemination technique and nesting balance design.Test on the tolerance to low-salinity,low-oxygen and low-pH water in 15 half sib family of Pseudosciaena crocea,and the estimation of heritability of tolerance to the every environmental factors were performed.Causal components of phenotypic variance were calculated with the GLM(General Linear Model)procedure of SAS9.0 software.
The results showed the heritabilities of body weight and body length were 0.30,0.28, 0.29 respectively.The heritability of two characters did not reach prominent level by t checkout. The fries all died between 2.5-10 h as the oxygen changed from 4.76 to 1.21 mg/L,1-30 h as the salinity from 8.05 to 9.03%o,1-8 h as the value of pH from 4.49 to 5.20.The heritability of tolerance to low-oxygen,low-salinity,low-pH were 0.23,0.10,0.23,respectively.The heritability on low-oxygen and low-pH reached prominent level but low-salinity by t checkout.
The results showed that it have very impotant direct meaning to select breeding by the heritability of quantity traits and threshold value traits,and to quicken improving variety quality and yield,accelerat healthy development and upgrade industrial technique in the artifical culturing of Pseudosciaena crocea.
本研究通过巢式平衡设计和人工授精技术,构建了3个半同胞家系和9个半同胞家系进行大黄鱼早期发育生长对比试验,15个半同胞家系鱼苗对低盐、低溶氧和低pH值水体的抗性试验。并应用数量遗传学原理和半同胞组内相关法估计大黄鱼40日龄鱼种的体长、体重遗传力和对环境因子抗性性状的遗传力。结果表明大黄鱼的体重遗传力为0.29,体长遗传力为0.31;大黄鱼鱼苗在水体溶氧变化4.76～1.21 mg/L时2.5～10 h以内全部死亡,盐度变化8.05～9.03‰时1～30 h内全部死亡,pH值4.49～5.2时1～8 h内全部死亡。对低溶氧、低盐和低pH值遗传力分别为0.23、0.10和0.23。t检验结果显示体重和体长遗传力的估计值均不显著,耐低溶氧和低pH值的遗传力估计达到显著水平,耐低盐遗传力的估计不显著。
研究结果表明根据所估算的数量性状和阈性状的遗传力的大小进行大黄鱼选择育种,对于加快大黄鱼的种质改良,提高大黄鱼的生产性能,促进大黄鱼人工养殖业的健康持续发展及其产业技术升级具有重要的指导意义。
Pseudosciaena crocea is a important economical fish only belong to China.The breeding quality of Pseudosciaena crocea is faced with slowing growth,individual miniaturization, downing antidisease,and so on,duing to lack of effective manage measures.It must be cried for improving its variety quality to cultivate fasting growth,high survival,better antidisease, adapt to intensivism culturing.Heritability is the important genetic characters with researching and developing quantity traits.The estimation of heritability has direct meannning to discuss select effect,assess breeding value rightly,constitute breeding project,as a basic work in select breeding of aquatic animals.
In this study,the heritability of body length and body weight in Pseudosciaena crocea was estimated by means of intra group correlation of full-sibs at 40 days after hatching.Three sires and nine dams were mated by an artificial insemination technique and nesting balance design.Test on the tolerance to low-salinity,low-oxygen and low-pH water in 15 half sib family of Pseudosciaena crocea,and the estimation of heritability of tolerance to the every environmental factors were performed.Causal components of phenotypic variance were calculated with the GLM(General Linear Model)procedure of SAS9.0 software.
The results showed the heritabilities of body weight and body length were 0.30,0.28, 0.29 respectively.The heritability of two characters did not reach prominent level by t checkout. The fries all died between 2.5-10 h as the oxygen changed from 4.76 to 1.21 mg/L,1-30 h as the salinity from 8.05 to 9.03%o,1-8 h as the value of pH from 4.49 to 5.20.The heritability of tolerance to low-oxygen,low-salinity,low-pH were 0.23,0.10,0.23,respectively.The heritability on low-oxygen and low-pH reached prominent level but low-salinity by t checkout.
The results showed that it have very impotant direct meaning to select breeding by the heritability of quantity traits and threshold value traits,and to quicken improving variety quality and yield,accelerat healthy development and upgrade industrial technique in the artifical culturing of Pseudosciaena crocea.
引文
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