高层住宅厨房集中排气系统的模拟研究
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摘要
随着人们对室内污染物危害性的深入认识和对室内空气质量要求的不断提高,有关厨房油烟污染物和厨房通风系统的研究也越来越多。高层住宅建筑目前普遍采用的共用竖向排气系统,对保证室内良好空气品质起着至关重要的作用。这种系统包括竖向排气干管、横向排气支管、吸油烟机、防火及防串烟部件和屋顶风帽。但是通过相关资料和住户的反应发现,这种排气系统普遍存在串烟、串味的弊病和底层住户排气不畅等现象。
本论文主要采用计算机模拟的方法,对国家标准图集-住宅排气道(一)(图集号07J916-1)中推荐的几种定型产品进行模拟计算。通过对12层住宅厨房排气系统的模拟计算知,在不增大排气道截面积和提高吸油烟机性能的前提下,高层住宅厨房排气系统的流动阻力过大,系统下部住户的排气量达不到设计值(370m3／h),一般在300 m3／h以下；系统的排气不均匀问题严重,Qmax-Qmin在170-270 m3／h之间,而平均排气量在350 m3／h左右；系统的中低部位处于高静压状态,静压在200Pa左右,通过局部设置变压板、优化导流构件等措施不能从根本上解决串烟串味问题,建议在主排气道入口前加装手动密闭阀,有条件的可在设计中使用电动类型的单向阀；等截面排气道加上导流构件后的使用效果要好于不带导流构件的,而同时在局部增设变压板后,系统的使用效果反而变差,建议设计人员和开发商选择只带导流构件的排气道产品。
本文对住户分区选用不同性能的吸油烟机,来提高系统排气均匀性做了一定研究。通过对12层住宅的计算实例得出,住户分区选用不同性能的吸油烟机后,排气系统各住户的排气均匀性有很大的提高。在同时使用系数取0.66时,分区后系统的平均排气量较未分区提高了9.2%,最大与最小排气量的差值降低了81.6%。因此,可对此方法的相关工作做进一步的研究并使其在今后得到应用。
针对目前高层住宅厨房排气系统存在串烟、串味的弊病,本文提出了一种新的解决思路,并给出了排气道的具体结构形式。通过在原有排气道和厨房之间增加一个负压排风道,可以有效防止在烹调高峰期时,主排气道内的油烟串入未烹饪的住户厨房内,而且可以保证厨房在非烹调时维持一定量的排风,实现住宅建筑的通风换气。
With in-depth understanding of the dangers of indoor pollutants and the requirements for indoor air quality on continuous improvement, related research on kitchen cooking oil fume and kitchen ventilation system were more and more. The shared-vertical exhaust system which was used to high-rise residential buildings commonly, played a vital role for ensuring good indoor air quality. Such systems included vertical exhaust main pipe, horizontal exhaust branch pipe, range hoods, the roof hood, fire-protection device and check valve. However, through the relevant data and response of the households, found that this exhaust system existed phenomena of flue gases flowing back to the no-cooking kitchen and poor effect in the bottom households.
In this paper, several recommended styling products in national standard atlas-residential exhaust passage (一) (Atlas No.07J916-1), were computed by the method of CFD. Through the 12-storey residential kitchen exhaust system simulation, no increase in cross-sectional area and increase the range hood performance,serveral results were obtained as follows:(1) High-rise residential kitchen exhaust system of the flow resistance was too large, the bottom households of exhaust volume could not reach the design exhaust volume (370m3/h), general was below 300m3/h. (2) The problem of uneven exhaust was serious, the value of Qmax-Qmin was between 170 and 270 m3/h, but the average value about 350 m3/h.(3)The low and middle parts of system were in a high static pressure, about 200Pa, it could not fundamentally solve the phenomenon of flue gases backflow through setting variable-pressure board in the local and optimization of diversion device, etc.(4)Equal-section exhaust passage in which added diversion device, was better than not added. However, added diversion device and variable-pressure board all together, the using effects were changed bad on the contrary. Advised designers and developers to select the exhaust passage that only diversion device were set up.
In this paper, about the method, which get through households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone, was reserched in order to inhancing system's exhaust uniformity. Based on the example of the calculation of 12-storey residential, results indicated that households'exhaust uniformity had greatly improved, when households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone. After households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone (0.66 of simultaneous coefficient), the average exhaust volume for all households of this system had risen 9.2%,the difference between the maximum and minimum exhaust volume was reduced 86.9%. Therefore, this method could be researched for further and applied it in the future.
For the current exhaust system of high-rise residential kitchen exist ills that the flue gases flowed back to the no-cooking kitchen, a new idea was presented and new type of exhaust passage construction was given in this paper. Through adding a negative pressure exhaust duct between the original exhaust passage and the kitchen, could effectively prevent flue gases flowing back to the no-cooking kitchen, but also to ensure that the no-cooking kitchen maintain a certain amount of exhaust, bring about ventilation of residential buildings.
本论文主要采用计算机模拟的方法,对国家标准图集-住宅排气道(一)(图集号07J916-1)中推荐的几种定型产品进行模拟计算。通过对12层住宅厨房排气系统的模拟计算知,在不增大排气道截面积和提高吸油烟机性能的前提下,高层住宅厨房排气系统的流动阻力过大,系统下部住户的排气量达不到设计值(370m3／h),一般在300 m3／h以下；系统的排气不均匀问题严重,Qmax-Qmin在170-270 m3／h之间,而平均排气量在350 m3／h左右；系统的中低部位处于高静压状态,静压在200Pa左右,通过局部设置变压板、优化导流构件等措施不能从根本上解决串烟串味问题,建议在主排气道入口前加装手动密闭阀,有条件的可在设计中使用电动类型的单向阀；等截面排气道加上导流构件后的使用效果要好于不带导流构件的,而同时在局部增设变压板后,系统的使用效果反而变差,建议设计人员和开发商选择只带导流构件的排气道产品。
本文对住户分区选用不同性能的吸油烟机,来提高系统排气均匀性做了一定研究。通过对12层住宅的计算实例得出,住户分区选用不同性能的吸油烟机后,排气系统各住户的排气均匀性有很大的提高。在同时使用系数取0.66时,分区后系统的平均排气量较未分区提高了9.2%,最大与最小排气量的差值降低了81.6%。因此,可对此方法的相关工作做进一步的研究并使其在今后得到应用。
针对目前高层住宅厨房排气系统存在串烟、串味的弊病,本文提出了一种新的解决思路,并给出了排气道的具体结构形式。通过在原有排气道和厨房之间增加一个负压排风道,可以有效防止在烹调高峰期时,主排气道内的油烟串入未烹饪的住户厨房内,而且可以保证厨房在非烹调时维持一定量的排风,实现住宅建筑的通风换气。
With in-depth understanding of the dangers of indoor pollutants and the requirements for indoor air quality on continuous improvement, related research on kitchen cooking oil fume and kitchen ventilation system were more and more. The shared-vertical exhaust system which was used to high-rise residential buildings commonly, played a vital role for ensuring good indoor air quality. Such systems included vertical exhaust main pipe, horizontal exhaust branch pipe, range hoods, the roof hood, fire-protection device and check valve. However, through the relevant data and response of the households, found that this exhaust system existed phenomena of flue gases flowing back to the no-cooking kitchen and poor effect in the bottom households.
In this paper, several recommended styling products in national standard atlas-residential exhaust passage (一) (Atlas No.07J916-1), were computed by the method of CFD. Through the 12-storey residential kitchen exhaust system simulation, no increase in cross-sectional area and increase the range hood performance,serveral results were obtained as follows:(1) High-rise residential kitchen exhaust system of the flow resistance was too large, the bottom households of exhaust volume could not reach the design exhaust volume (370m3/h), general was below 300m3/h. (2) The problem of uneven exhaust was serious, the value of Qmax-Qmin was between 170 and 270 m3/h, but the average value about 350 m3/h.(3)The low and middle parts of system were in a high static pressure, about 200Pa, it could not fundamentally solve the phenomenon of flue gases backflow through setting variable-pressure board in the local and optimization of diversion device, etc.(4)Equal-section exhaust passage in which added diversion device, was better than not added. However, added diversion device and variable-pressure board all together, the using effects were changed bad on the contrary. Advised designers and developers to select the exhaust passage that only diversion device were set up.
In this paper, about the method, which get through households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone, was reserched in order to inhancing system's exhaust uniformity. Based on the example of the calculation of 12-storey residential, results indicated that households'exhaust uniformity had greatly improved, when households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone. After households choosing different performance of range hoods by zone (0.66 of simultaneous coefficient), the average exhaust volume for all households of this system had risen 9.2%,the difference between the maximum and minimum exhaust volume was reduced 86.9%. Therefore, this method could be researched for further and applied it in the future.
For the current exhaust system of high-rise residential kitchen exist ills that the flue gases flowed back to the no-cooking kitchen, a new idea was presented and new type of exhaust passage construction was given in this paper. Through adding a negative pressure exhaust duct between the original exhaust passage and the kitchen, could effectively prevent flue gases flowing back to the no-cooking kitchen, but also to ensure that the no-cooking kitchen maintain a certain amount of exhaust, bring about ventilation of residential buildings.
引文
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