住宅建筑太阳能—地源热泵复合系统的研究
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摘要
能源和环境是影响我国国民经济持续稳定发展的重要因素,实现能源的稳定可持续发展已成为我国的基本国策之一。住宅建筑太阳能-地源热泵系统作为一项新的建筑节能技术,综合利用了地热能和太阳能两种可再生能源,具有节能、环保的独特优势,越来越受到人们的关注。
本文分别模拟了三个热工分区内六个代表性城市(严寒地区A区的哈尔滨,严寒地区B区的沈阳,寒冷地区的北京、西安、济南和夏热冬冷地区的上海)的住宅建筑空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷特性,并对模拟结果进行了分析对比；提出了一套将住宅建筑太阳能热水系统和地埋管地源热泵系统结合起来的住宅建筑太阳能-地源热泵复合系统；模拟分析了系统在不同运行工况下的地下温度场的变化。
首先,利用DeST软件模拟计算了六个代表城市住宅建筑的全年逐时冷热负荷及空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷,分析了夏季空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷特点。
其次,给出了住宅建筑太阳能-地源热泵复合系统的设计方法及不同工况下的运行策略。
然后,利用“地热之星”软件模拟了寒冷及夏热冬冷地区的住宅建筑采用单一地源热泵系统(包括夏季空调连续运行和间歇运行两种情况)和复合系统(仅包括夏季空调间歇运行一种情况)的地下温度场。通过对模拟结果的分析,得出了位于不同城市的住宅建筑夏季空调间歇运行和连续运行时的地下温度场的变化情况,同时得出了适用该复合系统的地区及不同的适用地区利用太阳能系统向地下蓄热所需的时间。
最后,在对单一地源热泵系统和复合系统运行费用比较的基础上,分析了该复合系统的经济性和可行性。
Energy and environment is the main influencing factor in our country's national economy sustainable and stable development. energy sustainable development has become one of the basic national policy of our country. As a new building energy-saving technology, Solar Energy-ground source heat pump system in residential building makes use of the renewable energy geothermal energy and solar power comprehensively. The new technology attracts more and more attention and research applications due to its unique advantage of energy conservation and environmental pollution.
In this paper, the load characteristics of residential building's the air conditioning of continuous operation and intermittent operation in six representative cities (Harbin in severe cold-A region and Shenyang in severe Cold-B region and cold region,such as Beijing, Xi'an, Jinan and Shanghai in summer-hot and winter-cold) of three heat partitions was simulated, and the simulation results were analyzed and compared. Design and operation control strategy of solar-composite ground source heat pump system of residential building which combine solar heat collection system and buried tube ground source heat pump system were introduced, and the underground temperature changes of the system in different-operating conditions were simulated and analyzed.
Firstly, the Hourly load throughout the year and the load of the air conditioning of continuous operation and intermittent operation in six cities was simulated, and the characteristic of the load of the air conditioning in conditions of the continuous and intermittent operation was analyzed by DeST load simulation software.
Secondly, the system design process and the control strategy in different operating conditions were given.
Thirdly, the changes of underground temperature field were simulated by "Geothermal Star" among the cities of the cold zone and summer-hot and winter-cold zone which simply use ground-source heat pump systems (including continuous operation and intermittent operation of summer air-conditioning), the composite system (including intermittent operation of summer air-conditioning), the changes of the underground temperature field of the summer air conditioning run in intermittent operation and continuous operation in different cities were obtained. The hours of the underground heat storage of the areas of typical cities which are applicable to composite systems and different applicable areas were obtained simultaneously.
At last, the economy and feasibility of the composite system were analyzed on the base of operating cost between a single ground source heat pump and the composite system in residential building.
本文分别模拟了三个热工分区内六个代表性城市(严寒地区A区的哈尔滨,严寒地区B区的沈阳,寒冷地区的北京、西安、济南和夏热冬冷地区的上海)的住宅建筑空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷特性,并对模拟结果进行了分析对比；提出了一套将住宅建筑太阳能热水系统和地埋管地源热泵系统结合起来的住宅建筑太阳能-地源热泵复合系统；模拟分析了系统在不同运行工况下的地下温度场的变化。
首先,利用DeST软件模拟计算了六个代表城市住宅建筑的全年逐时冷热负荷及空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷,分析了夏季空调连续运行和间歇运行的负荷特点。
其次,给出了住宅建筑太阳能-地源热泵复合系统的设计方法及不同工况下的运行策略。
然后,利用“地热之星”软件模拟了寒冷及夏热冬冷地区的住宅建筑采用单一地源热泵系统(包括夏季空调连续运行和间歇运行两种情况)和复合系统(仅包括夏季空调间歇运行一种情况)的地下温度场。通过对模拟结果的分析,得出了位于不同城市的住宅建筑夏季空调间歇运行和连续运行时的地下温度场的变化情况,同时得出了适用该复合系统的地区及不同的适用地区利用太阳能系统向地下蓄热所需的时间。
最后,在对单一地源热泵系统和复合系统运行费用比较的基础上,分析了该复合系统的经济性和可行性。
Energy and environment is the main influencing factor in our country's national economy sustainable and stable development. energy sustainable development has become one of the basic national policy of our country. As a new building energy-saving technology, Solar Energy-ground source heat pump system in residential building makes use of the renewable energy geothermal energy and solar power comprehensively. The new technology attracts more and more attention and research applications due to its unique advantage of energy conservation and environmental pollution.
In this paper, the load characteristics of residential building's the air conditioning of continuous operation and intermittent operation in six representative cities (Harbin in severe cold-A region and Shenyang in severe Cold-B region and cold region,such as Beijing, Xi'an, Jinan and Shanghai in summer-hot and winter-cold) of three heat partitions was simulated, and the simulation results were analyzed and compared. Design and operation control strategy of solar-composite ground source heat pump system of residential building which combine solar heat collection system and buried tube ground source heat pump system were introduced, and the underground temperature changes of the system in different-operating conditions were simulated and analyzed.
Firstly, the Hourly load throughout the year and the load of the air conditioning of continuous operation and intermittent operation in six cities was simulated, and the characteristic of the load of the air conditioning in conditions of the continuous and intermittent operation was analyzed by DeST load simulation software.
Secondly, the system design process and the control strategy in different operating conditions were given.
Thirdly, the changes of underground temperature field were simulated by "Geothermal Star" among the cities of the cold zone and summer-hot and winter-cold zone which simply use ground-source heat pump systems (including continuous operation and intermittent operation of summer air-conditioning), the composite system (including intermittent operation of summer air-conditioning), the changes of the underground temperature field of the summer air conditioning run in intermittent operation and continuous operation in different cities were obtained. The hours of the underground heat storage of the areas of typical cities which are applicable to composite systems and different applicable areas were obtained simultaneously.
At last, the economy and feasibility of the composite system were analyzed on the base of operating cost between a single ground source heat pump and the composite system in residential building.
引文
[1]姚杨,马最良.浅谈热泵定义[J].暖通空调,2002,32(3)：33
[2]Mr Johnny WW relW.Ground-coupled Heat Pump market and prospects in Europe.Proceedings 7th International Energy Agency Conference on Heat Pumping Technologies.Beijing,2002:365-375
[3]刘宪英,丁勇,胡鸣明.浅埋竖管换热器地源热泵夏季供冷试验研究.暖通空调,2000,30(4)：1-4
[4]李芃,仇中柱,于立强.U型垂直埋管式土壤源热泵埋管周围温度场的理论研究.暖通空调,2002,32(1)：17-20
[5]李元旦,魏先勋.水平埋管换热器夏季瞬态工况的实验与数值模拟.湖南大学学报,1999(2)：35-39
[6]王勇,付祥钊.地源热泵的套管式地下换热器研究.重庆建筑大学学报,1997(5)：13-17
[7]高祖锟.用于供暖的土壤—水热泵系统.暖通空调,1995(4)：9-12
[8]张方方.季节性蓄热的太阳能-地源热泵复合系统的研究[D].山东：山东建筑大学,2009
[9]刘宪英.地源热泵地下竖埋套管式换热器传热模型.全国暖通空调制冷学术年会学术文集,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,153-156
[10]毕月虹,陈林根.土壤热泵用立式双螺旋盘管地下温度场数值分析与实验验证.应用科学学报,2000,18(2)：167-170
[11]于立强.垂直埋管地源热泵系统实验研究.全国暖通空调制冷学术年会论文集,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,470-474
[12]何梓年,朱敦智.太阳能供热采暖应用技术手册[M].北京：化学l：业出版社,2009.5
[13]陆围德.太阳能热水器.太阳能,1981,1：161-184
[14]何梓年,朱敦智.太阳能供热采暖应用技术手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.5
[15]何梓年.国外太阳能采暖和热水组合系统研究进展//严陆光,崔荣强编.21世纪太阳能新技术.上海交通大学出版社,2003：479-482
[16]李锦堂.太阳能热利用100年.太阳能,1999,4：61-64
[17]中国新能源与可再生能源1999白皮书.北京：中国计划出版社,2000.92-93
[18]傅黎.欧洲太阳能利用现状.太阳能,2000,2：162-164
[19]J.nagaraju. 1MWth industrial solar hot water system and its performance. Solar Energy 1999,66 (6): 491-497
[20]M.N.Fisch. A review of large-scale Solar Heating System in Europe. Solar Energy 1998,63(6):355-356
[21]新能源和可再生能源产业发展“十一五规划”.节能,2002,4：125-128
[22]钟易呈.北京平谷区太阳能采暖示范工程实践(内部报告).北京正元太阳能安装有限公司,2004
[23]余延顺,廉乐明.寒冷地区太阳能-土壤源热泵系统的运行方式探讨[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(1)： 111-115
[24]Chiasson A D, Yavuzturk C. Assessment of the viability of hybrid geothermal heat pump system with solar thermal collector [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,2003,109(2):487-500
[25]Bi Yuehong, Guo Tingwei,Zhang Liang, etal Solar and ground sourse heat pump system [J].Applied Energy,2004,78(2):231-245
[26]Voncuba H L,Steimle F.Heat Pump Technology [M].Butterworths,1981,379
[27]Penrod E B,Prasanna D V.Design of flat-plate collecter for solar earth heat pump [J].Solar Energy,1962,6(l):9-22
[28]Penrod E B Prasanna K V.Procedure for designing solar-earth heat pumps[J].Heating,Piping and Air Conditioning,1969,41 (6):97-100
[29]Metz P D.The potential for ground coupled storage with series solar assisted heat pump system. Proceedings of the 1978 annual meeting.Americal Section of the International Solar Energy Society,Inc.pp331-334
[30]Metz P D.Design,construction and operation of the solar assisted heat pump ground storage experiments at Broolhavon National Laboratory.Proceedings of the fourth annual heat pump technology conference.Stillwater,Oklahoma State University,1979
[31]Bose J E, C W Leilbetter, J R Partin. Construction and evaluation of a heat pump system using earth coil. Proceedings of the 3rd annual heat pump technology conference. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University,1979
[32]Bose J E, C W Ledbetter, J R Partin. Earth coupled and solar assisted heat pump system Proceedings of the 5th annual heat pump technology conference. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University,1980
[33]Lund P D. Ostman M B.A numerical model for seasonal storage of solar heat in the ground by vertical pipes. Solar Energy,1985,34(4/5):351-366
[34]M.Inalli,M.Unsal,V.Tanyildizy.A Computer Modle of a Domestic Solar Heating System with Underground Spherical Thermal Storage. Energy,1997,22(12):1163-1172\
[35]M.Inalli,M.Unsal,V.Tanyildizy.A Computer Modle of a Domestic Solar Heating System with Underground Spherical Thermal Storage. Energy,1997, (12):1163-1172
[36]Yumrutas R.A computational model of a heat pump system with a hemispherical surface tank as the ground heat source.Energy,2000a,25:371-388
[37]Yumrutas R, Investigation of thermal performance of a ground coupled heat pump system with a cylindrical energy storage tank. International Journal of Energy Research,2003,27:1051-1066.
[38]Andrew D Chiassun,Cenk Yavuzturk. Assessment of the viability of hybrid geothermal heat pump system with solar thermal collector.ASHRAE Transactions,2003,109(2):487-500
[39]Dincer I, RosenM A. Exergy as a driver for achieving sustainability[J]. International Journal of Green Energy,2004,1(1):1-19
[40]M. K. Ewert, D. J. Bergeron III. Development of a Solar Heat Pump for Space. International Solar Energy Conference, Solar Engineering 2005-Proceedings of the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference.2006:707-712
[41]F. Cuadros, F. Lopez-Rodriguez, C. Segador, A. Marcos. A Simple Procedure to Size Active Solar Heating Schemes for Low-Energy Building Design. Energy and Buildings.2007,39(1):96-104
[42]M. Lundh, J. O. Dalenback. Swedish Solar Heated Residential Area with Seasonal Storage in Rock:Initial Evaluation. Renewable Energy.2008,33(4):703-711
[43]毕月虹.太阳能-土壤热源热泵用于冬季供暖的性能研究[D].天津：天津商学院硕十学位论文,1995
[44]毕月虹,陈林根.太阳能-土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(2)：214-219
[45]余延顺,廉乐明.寒区太阳能-土壤源热泵系统太阳能保证率的确定[J].热能动力工程.2002,17(7)：393-395
[46]杨卫波.太阳能-土壤源热泵系统(SESHPS)及其研究开发.能源技术.2003.24(4)：23-27
[47]杨睿.太阳能地源热泵组合空调、热水系统的设计与应用[J].中国建筑动态：阳光能源,2006
[48]樊玉杰,吴建华,张方方,方肇洪.地源热泵与太阳能供热空调复合系统的工程应用.中国建设信息供热制冷,2010(3)：65-69,2010
[49]GB 50364-2005民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[50]张蓓红,蔡龙俊.住宅建筑空调负荷计算中同时使用系数的确定.建筑热能通风空调,1999(1)：14-16,1999
[2]Mr Johnny WW relW.Ground-coupled Heat Pump market and prospects in Europe.Proceedings 7th International Energy Agency Conference on Heat Pumping Technologies.Beijing,2002:365-375
[3]刘宪英,丁勇,胡鸣明.浅埋竖管换热器地源热泵夏季供冷试验研究.暖通空调,2000,30(4)：1-4
[4]李芃,仇中柱,于立强.U型垂直埋管式土壤源热泵埋管周围温度场的理论研究.暖通空调,2002,32(1)：17-20
[5]李元旦,魏先勋.水平埋管换热器夏季瞬态工况的实验与数值模拟.湖南大学学报,1999(2)：35-39
[6]王勇,付祥钊.地源热泵的套管式地下换热器研究.重庆建筑大学学报,1997(5)：13-17
[7]高祖锟.用于供暖的土壤—水热泵系统.暖通空调,1995(4)：9-12
[8]张方方.季节性蓄热的太阳能-地源热泵复合系统的研究[D].山东：山东建筑大学,2009
[9]刘宪英.地源热泵地下竖埋套管式换热器传热模型.全国暖通空调制冷学术年会学术文集,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,153-156
[10]毕月虹,陈林根.土壤热泵用立式双螺旋盘管地下温度场数值分析与实验验证.应用科学学报,2000,18(2)：167-170
[11]于立强.垂直埋管地源热泵系统实验研究.全国暖通空调制冷学术年会论文集,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,470-474
[12]何梓年,朱敦智.太阳能供热采暖应用技术手册[M].北京：化学l：业出版社,2009.5
[13]陆围德.太阳能热水器.太阳能,1981,1：161-184
[14]何梓年,朱敦智.太阳能供热采暖应用技术手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.5
[15]何梓年.国外太阳能采暖和热水组合系统研究进展//严陆光,崔荣强编.21世纪太阳能新技术.上海交通大学出版社,2003：479-482
[16]李锦堂.太阳能热利用100年.太阳能,1999,4：61-64
[17]中国新能源与可再生能源1999白皮书.北京：中国计划出版社,2000.92-93
[18]傅黎.欧洲太阳能利用现状.太阳能,2000,2：162-164
[19]J.nagaraju. 1MWth industrial solar hot water system and its performance. Solar Energy 1999,66 (6): 491-497
[20]M.N.Fisch. A review of large-scale Solar Heating System in Europe. Solar Energy 1998,63(6):355-356
[21]新能源和可再生能源产业发展“十一五规划”.节能,2002,4：125-128
[22]钟易呈.北京平谷区太阳能采暖示范工程实践(内部报告).北京正元太阳能安装有限公司,2004
[23]余延顺,廉乐明.寒冷地区太阳能-土壤源热泵系统的运行方式探讨[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(1)： 111-115
[24]Chiasson A D, Yavuzturk C. Assessment of the viability of hybrid geothermal heat pump system with solar thermal collector [J]. ASHRAE Transactions,2003,109(2):487-500
[25]Bi Yuehong, Guo Tingwei,Zhang Liang, etal Solar and ground sourse heat pump system [J].Applied Energy,2004,78(2):231-245
[26]Voncuba H L,Steimle F.Heat Pump Technology [M].Butterworths,1981,379
[27]Penrod E B,Prasanna D V.Design of flat-plate collecter for solar earth heat pump [J].Solar Energy,1962,6(l):9-22
[28]Penrod E B Prasanna K V.Procedure for designing solar-earth heat pumps[J].Heating,Piping and Air Conditioning,1969,41 (6):97-100
[29]Metz P D.The potential for ground coupled storage with series solar assisted heat pump system. Proceedings of the 1978 annual meeting.Americal Section of the International Solar Energy Society,Inc.pp331-334
[30]Metz P D.Design,construction and operation of the solar assisted heat pump ground storage experiments at Broolhavon National Laboratory.Proceedings of the fourth annual heat pump technology conference.Stillwater,Oklahoma State University,1979
[31]Bose J E, C W Leilbetter, J R Partin. Construction and evaluation of a heat pump system using earth coil. Proceedings of the 3rd annual heat pump technology conference. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University,1979
[32]Bose J E, C W Ledbetter, J R Partin. Earth coupled and solar assisted heat pump system Proceedings of the 5th annual heat pump technology conference. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University,1980
[33]Lund P D. Ostman M B.A numerical model for seasonal storage of solar heat in the ground by vertical pipes. Solar Energy,1985,34(4/5):351-366
[34]M.Inalli,M.Unsal,V.Tanyildizy.A Computer Modle of a Domestic Solar Heating System with Underground Spherical Thermal Storage. Energy,1997,22(12):1163-1172\
[35]M.Inalli,M.Unsal,V.Tanyildizy.A Computer Modle of a Domestic Solar Heating System with Underground Spherical Thermal Storage. Energy,1997, (12):1163-1172
[36]Yumrutas R.A computational model of a heat pump system with a hemispherical surface tank as the ground heat source.Energy,2000a,25:371-388
[37]Yumrutas R, Investigation of thermal performance of a ground coupled heat pump system with a cylindrical energy storage tank. International Journal of Energy Research,2003,27:1051-1066.
[38]Andrew D Chiassun,Cenk Yavuzturk. Assessment of the viability of hybrid geothermal heat pump system with solar thermal collector.ASHRAE Transactions,2003,109(2):487-500
[39]Dincer I, RosenM A. Exergy as a driver for achieving sustainability[J]. International Journal of Green Energy,2004,1(1):1-19
[40]M. K. Ewert, D. J. Bergeron III. Development of a Solar Heat Pump for Space. International Solar Energy Conference, Solar Engineering 2005-Proceedings of the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference.2006:707-712
[41]F. Cuadros, F. Lopez-Rodriguez, C. Segador, A. Marcos. A Simple Procedure to Size Active Solar Heating Schemes for Low-Energy Building Design. Energy and Buildings.2007,39(1):96-104
[42]M. Lundh, J. O. Dalenback. Swedish Solar Heated Residential Area with Seasonal Storage in Rock:Initial Evaluation. Renewable Energy.2008,33(4):703-711
[43]毕月虹.太阳能-土壤热源热泵用于冬季供暖的性能研究[D].天津：天津商学院硕十学位论文,1995
[44]毕月虹,陈林根.太阳能-土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(2)：214-219
[45]余延顺,廉乐明.寒区太阳能-土壤源热泵系统太阳能保证率的确定[J].热能动力工程.2002,17(7)：393-395
[46]杨卫波.太阳能-土壤源热泵系统(SESHPS)及其研究开发.能源技术.2003.24(4)：23-27
[47]杨睿.太阳能地源热泵组合空调、热水系统的设计与应用[J].中国建筑动态：阳光能源,2006
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