基于地热水资源供热供冷系统能源利用率评价方法的研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的继续快速发展,能源的供需矛盾日益尖锐,利用可再生能源及提高能源利用率具有重要的意义。目前采用地热及作为空调冷热源中能源转换效率最高的水源热泵技术,正受到人们的日益重视和关注。在地热水供热及供冷系统的应用过程中,在如何合理运行同时又节约能源、提高能源利用率方面,尚未有一个很好的评价方法。本文针对这个问题,结合本课题组的地热水供热供冷的工程项目,并利用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对建筑物冬夏季负荷进行动态模拟分析,来评价地热能利用率。
首先本文结合本课题组在科研阶段做的两个地热水供热及供冷系统项目,介绍了两种工程模式,以及在系统设计时需根据实际情况进行综合的考虑的各种影响因素,包括地热井的参数,建筑物的使用功能,末端设备的选择等等。以此为依据进行详细的设计,制定合理的方案,目的是充分利用地热能,满足供热及供冷的要求;针对其中一个具体项目,建立实验系统,进行测试分析,总结出影响地热能源利用率的因素,包括地热水的回灌温度、进水量及进水温度;列举了地下水水质,回灌方式等对地热水供热及供冷系统的影响。同时还分析出回灌温度对系统总能效比和对地热利用率的影响呈相反趋势。最后利用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对一栋商用建筑物进行了动态负荷模拟分析,并根据峰值负荷理论,得出基础负荷利用地热能来满足,峰值负荷采用辅助的冷热源,可以提高供热及供冷面积,从而提高地热能源利用率。本论文的结论对地热能的合理利用及在供热供冷系统设计、合理运行方面提供理论和实践的依据。
With the rapid development of the economy of China, the contradiction of the energy source supply and requirement will become increasingly acute. In china the utilization rate of energy is obviously less than the average of the world, the utilization of reproducible energy and increasing the utilization rate of energy has an important significance. Nowadays, people are attaching importance to the utilization of geothermal water and water-source heat pump in which the conversion rate of the energy is the highest in the cold and heat source of air-conditioning. During the period of the operation of the geothermal water in heating and cooling system, there is no a better estimating method in managing reasonably energy source for saving much and improving the utilization rate of energy. In this paper, based on a study on estimating the utilization rate of energy by means of a project of geothermal water using for heating and cooling system and a building energy simulation software named EnergyPlus, dynamic heating and cooling load was simulated and evaluated.
Firstly, the paper introduced two kinds of mode combining the two projects by using geothermal water in heating and cooling system, and introduced various affecting factors taken into account in designing the system, including the parameters of geothermal water, the using function of buildings and consumer equipments etc. During the designing, these factors were considered to design a reasonable scheme and make the best of the geothermal energy for heating and cooling requirement. Secondly, an experiment system was established and testing analysis was carried out aiming at one project of the two, and summed up the factors affecting the utilization rate of energy. For example, the re-injecting temperature, entering flux and entering temperature. This paper also specialized geothermal water quality and the re-injecting mode which affect the heating and cooling system. At the same time, this paper also analyzed the current of the total efficiency and the utilization rate of geothermal energy affected by re-injecting temperature.Lastly, the dynamic heating and cooling load were simulated and calculated, and combined the theory of peak load, the paper took action to increase utilization rate of geothermal energy.
首先本文结合本课题组在科研阶段做的两个地热水供热及供冷系统项目,介绍了两种工程模式,以及在系统设计时需根据实际情况进行综合的考虑的各种影响因素,包括地热井的参数,建筑物的使用功能,末端设备的选择等等。以此为依据进行详细的设计,制定合理的方案,目的是充分利用地热能,满足供热及供冷的要求;针对其中一个具体项目,建立实验系统,进行测试分析,总结出影响地热能源利用率的因素,包括地热水的回灌温度、进水量及进水温度;列举了地下水水质,回灌方式等对地热水供热及供冷系统的影响。同时还分析出回灌温度对系统总能效比和对地热利用率的影响呈相反趋势。最后利用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对一栋商用建筑物进行了动态负荷模拟分析,并根据峰值负荷理论,得出基础负荷利用地热能来满足,峰值负荷采用辅助的冷热源,可以提高供热及供冷面积,从而提高地热能源利用率。本论文的结论对地热能的合理利用及在供热供冷系统设计、合理运行方面提供理论和实践的依据。
With the rapid development of the economy of China, the contradiction of the energy source supply and requirement will become increasingly acute. In china the utilization rate of energy is obviously less than the average of the world, the utilization of reproducible energy and increasing the utilization rate of energy has an important significance. Nowadays, people are attaching importance to the utilization of geothermal water and water-source heat pump in which the conversion rate of the energy is the highest in the cold and heat source of air-conditioning. During the period of the operation of the geothermal water in heating and cooling system, there is no a better estimating method in managing reasonably energy source for saving much and improving the utilization rate of energy. In this paper, based on a study on estimating the utilization rate of energy by means of a project of geothermal water using for heating and cooling system and a building energy simulation software named EnergyPlus, dynamic heating and cooling load was simulated and evaluated.
Firstly, the paper introduced two kinds of mode combining the two projects by using geothermal water in heating and cooling system, and introduced various affecting factors taken into account in designing the system, including the parameters of geothermal water, the using function of buildings and consumer equipments etc. During the designing, these factors were considered to design a reasonable scheme and make the best of the geothermal energy for heating and cooling requirement. Secondly, an experiment system was established and testing analysis was carried out aiming at one project of the two, and summed up the factors affecting the utilization rate of energy. For example, the re-injecting temperature, entering flux and entering temperature. This paper also specialized geothermal water quality and the re-injecting mode which affect the heating and cooling system. At the same time, this paper also analyzed the current of the total efficiency and the utilization rate of geothermal energy affected by re-injecting temperature.Lastly, the dynamic heating and cooling load were simulated and calculated, and combined the theory of peak load, the paper took action to increase utilization rate of geothermal energy.
引文
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[4] 姚镝,王建华,李波.水源热泵供热(冷)系统的能量评价[J].矿冶,2004,13(1):116-118.
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[7] Rafferty K .A spreadsheet for geothermal direct use cost evaluation[C].GHC Tech.Rep,Geo-Heat Cent.Oregon Inst.Technol,Klamath Falls Or 1994.
[8] DiPippo,R. International developments in geothermal power production[A]. Proceeding ASME. Geothermal Energy Symposium[C]. Davis California.1998: 273-277.
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[11]孙志高.地热能的合理利用[J].可再生能源,2003,(3):50-51.
[12]龚宇烈,赵军,李新国,等.地源热泵在美国工程应用及其发展[A]. 2001年全国热泵和空调技术交流会议论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,249-253.
[13]E.C.Knipe,K.D.Raffery. Corrosion in low temperature geothermal application[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1985,91(2B-1):81-91.
[14]P.J.Hughes. Survey of water-source heat pump system configurations in current practice[J].ASHRAE Transactions,1990, 96(1):1021-1028.
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[17]Carl D.Orio. A new England school & climate master geothermal heat pump[sA]. Hastings School Westborough MA,First Successful 100% Geothermal School in New England 1997,1-16
[18]Burhard Sanner. Ground heat sources for heat pumps(classification,characteristics, advantages)[A].International summer school on direct implication geothermal energy [C].1997.1-8.
[19]Zum Boden. Geothermal heat pumps[J].UbeG,1999,(3):16-23.
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[21]汪训昌.关于国外电热泵的发展道路及模式—兼谈洋为中用的几点借鉴[J].暖通空调,1994,24(2):22-26.
[22]孙友宏,胡克.岩土钻掘工程应用的又一新领域—地源热泵技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2002,(增刊):7-12.
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[24]韩厚德,卢士勋.地下冷源在制冷空调工程中的应用研究[J].制冷学报,1997, (2);17-21.
[25]何克源.天然冷源水在空调中的应用范围[J].节能技术,2002,22(5):46-48.
[26]沈雪峰,徐文华.闭式深井水水热源热泵集中式空调系统及其特性浅析[A].全国暖通空调制冷1994年学术年会论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.
[27]郭志军,王敏.水源热泵系统的概论分析[J].低温与特气,2001,19(5);8-9.
[28]马最良、杨自强、马光显.我国热泵空调发展的回顾与展望[A].2000年全国暖通空调制冷年会论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[29]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能的空调一地源热泵[J]. 节能,2001,(1):41-43.
[30]H.I.Henderson. Simulating Combined Thermostat, Air Conditioner, And Building Performance In A House[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1992,98:370-379.
[31]Grenville.K.Yull and Eric.D.Werling. An Approach To Predicting Cooling Energy Requirements For Residences[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1994,100:798-806.
[32]Siwei Lang And Yu Joehuang. Energy Conservation Standard For Space Heating In Chinese Urban Residential Buildings[J]. Energy, 1993, 18(8):871-892.
[33]朗四维.建筑能耗分析逐时气象资料的开发研究[J].暖通空调,2002,32 (4):1-5.
[34]侯余波.夏热冬暖地区建筑师用建筑能耗计算方法的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2001.
[35]杨丽珍.广州地区住宅围护结构能耗的模拟分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2002.
[36]马晓霞.北京 2008 年奥运村“绿色住宅”模拟分析及设计探讨[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2002.
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