真空断路器永磁机构及其智能控制的研究
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摘要
作为一种新型的操动机构,永磁操动机构具有零部件数量少、可靠性高、免维护等传统断路器操动机构所无法比拟的优点,受到了世界各国的普遍关注。
本文主要工作是对中压断路器永磁操动机构的原理、静态吸力、动态特性及控制系统进行研究分析,并对永磁机构断路器的智能化进行了探讨。其中静态磁场的计算采用了目前应用较为广泛的有限元方法,对永磁单独作用的机构静态吸力特性和激磁电流与永磁共同作用的吸力特性进行了分析计算。在动态计算中本文根据永磁和激磁电流共同作用这一特点,建立了相应的数学模型,给出了动态微分方程组的求解方法,并对动态过程进行了分析。通过动态特性的计算,获得了电容放电激磁下的永磁操动机构线圈电流、产生的磁力、动铁心的速度、位移及电容电压随时间变化的曲线,并分析了各项电参数对动态特性的影响,为产品的设计提供了理论依据。
本文探讨了基于单片机的高压真空断路器双稳态永磁机构智能控制系统设计,这种控制系统集保护、控制、测量、开关量监测等功能于一体。可实现对电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率的实时监测,具有过电流速断保护、过电压和欠电压保护、闭锁、自诊断以及报警等功能。在论文的最后部分,探讨了中压真空断路器的智能控制和同步关合技术。
As a kind of new Actuator of Circuit Breaker, Permanent Magnetic Actuator (PMA) has the advantage of less parts, higher reliability and maintenance-free and so on, so it has been paid more and more attention by people all over the world.
In the paper, the mostly work is the study on Middle-voltage Circuit Breaker PMA ,its principle, the static characteristic, the dynamic characteristic and the control system. In the calculation of static magnetic field, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used. The force characteristic of PMA with exciting current and without exciting current are calculated and analyzed. Because the dynamic character of PMA is affected by permanent magnet and exciting current, in this paper, new mathematic model and equation are established and the calculation result is analyzed. The data of exciting current, magnetic force, Moving-core velocity, Moving-core displacement and capacitance voltage at any time during opening and closeing operation and every factor's effect on dynamic character are obtained.
In the paper ,the intelligent control unit based on single-chip microprocessor for intelligent breaker integreates many functions such as protection, control,and measurement. The signals of currents, voltages,active power and reactive power are monitored in real time. The control unit can not only control opening/closing operation of circuit breaker, but also has the functions of over-current/under-voltage trip,closing/opening interlock for mal-operation and diagnosis and warning for the failure of the operation system.In the final part,the paper focuses on the intelligent control and Synchronous Closing Technique of vacuum circuit breaker.
本文主要工作是对中压断路器永磁操动机构的原理、静态吸力、动态特性及控制系统进行研究分析,并对永磁机构断路器的智能化进行了探讨。其中静态磁场的计算采用了目前应用较为广泛的有限元方法,对永磁单独作用的机构静态吸力特性和激磁电流与永磁共同作用的吸力特性进行了分析计算。在动态计算中本文根据永磁和激磁电流共同作用这一特点,建立了相应的数学模型,给出了动态微分方程组的求解方法,并对动态过程进行了分析。通过动态特性的计算,获得了电容放电激磁下的永磁操动机构线圈电流、产生的磁力、动铁心的速度、位移及电容电压随时间变化的曲线,并分析了各项电参数对动态特性的影响,为产品的设计提供了理论依据。
本文探讨了基于单片机的高压真空断路器双稳态永磁机构智能控制系统设计,这种控制系统集保护、控制、测量、开关量监测等功能于一体。可实现对电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率的实时监测,具有过电流速断保护、过电压和欠电压保护、闭锁、自诊断以及报警等功能。在论文的最后部分,探讨了中压真空断路器的智能控制和同步关合技术。
As a kind of new Actuator of Circuit Breaker, Permanent Magnetic Actuator (PMA) has the advantage of less parts, higher reliability and maintenance-free and so on, so it has been paid more and more attention by people all over the world.
In the paper, the mostly work is the study on Middle-voltage Circuit Breaker PMA ,its principle, the static characteristic, the dynamic characteristic and the control system. In the calculation of static magnetic field, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used. The force characteristic of PMA with exciting current and without exciting current are calculated and analyzed. Because the dynamic character of PMA is affected by permanent magnet and exciting current, in this paper, new mathematic model and equation are established and the calculation result is analyzed. The data of exciting current, magnetic force, Moving-core velocity, Moving-core displacement and capacitance voltage at any time during opening and closeing operation and every factor's effect on dynamic character are obtained.
In the paper ,the intelligent control unit based on single-chip microprocessor for intelligent breaker integreates many functions such as protection, control,and measurement. The signals of currents, voltages,active power and reactive power are monitored in real time. The control unit can not only control opening/closing operation of circuit breaker, but also has the functions of over-current/under-voltage trip,closing/opening interlock for mal-operation and diagnosis and warning for the failure of the operation system.In the final part,the paper focuses on the intelligent control and Synchronous Closing Technique of vacuum circuit breaker.
引文
[1] 林莘.永磁机构与真空断路器,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.5
[2] 林萃.现代高压电器技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3] 林莘、高会军、铁韧. 永磁操动机构磁场数值计算,高压电气,2000.3
[4] 盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[5] 付万安,宋宝谧.高压断路器永磁操动机构的研究.中国电机工程学报,2000, 20(8)
[6] 游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001, 37
[7] 卢芸、林莘. 高压断路器新型永磁操动机构特性分析,全国电工理论与新技术 2001 年学术年会,河北保定,2001。
[8] 卢芸、林莘. 配永磁操动机构真空断路器力学特性分析,东北电力技术,2001(9)
[9] 王海峰、徐建源. 永磁操动机构磁场数值计算和结构分析,高压电气,2002,38:(1)
[10] 高会军,林萃,蔡志远.永磁操动机构磁场计算及动特性计算.沈阳工业大学学报,2000, 22
[11] 吴翊、林莘. 永磁机构的微机控制系统,沈阳电力高等专科学校学报,2001(2):35～37
[12] 李岩,王胜辉,林萃,真空断路器永磁机构设计与分析软件的开发.高压电器,2003, 39 [18]
[13] 朱佩龙.具有电容器特性在线检测功能的控制电路设计.高压电器,2003, 39(5)
[14] 张俊民,徐国政,钱家骊.一种永磁操动机构的智能控制与电子驱动装置的研制.高压电器,2003, 9 (1)
[15] A J W Laminers, P P Leufkens, G C Schoonenbery. MV Vacuum Switchgear Based on Magnetic Actuators. In:IEE Conference Publication. No.459,1998.
[16] 闰静,卢秋艳,金黎等.配电自动化开关智能控制器的设计.高压电器,2004, 40
[17] 王章启,李喜桂.关于开关电器的智能化.高压电器,1999, 35 (3)
[18] ABB technical catalogue .Microprocessor-driven protection and control unit for the ISM module
[19] B A R Mcken, Dr C Reuber. Magnets and Vacuum-the Perfect Match. In: IEE Conference Publication. No. 459, 1998.
[20] Z. Li,L. A. Renforth, D. W. Auckland and B. Varlow. Computer Aided Optimal Design of Magnetic Actuator for Autorecloser Application. In: IEE Conference Publication. No. 459, 1998
[21] 李利、徐建源. 同步关合控制的研究,中国电工技术学会第五届全国智能化电器及其应用研讨会,西安,2001.11
[22] 游一民,陈德桂等,真空断路器关合速度与预击穿对同步关合的影响研究。电工技术学报.2004,19(7)
[23] 游一民,陈德桂,罗文科等.关于永磁机构中永磁工作点的讨论.高压电器,2002, 38
[24] E Dullni.Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnetic Actuator and Eletronic Control. Proceedings CIRED. 1999, 150 一 156
[25] Ware B J. Synchronous switching of power systems Rep. 13.205, CIGRE,1990
[26] Ren Z, Razek A .A Strong Coupled Model for analysing Dynamic Behaviours of Non-linear Electro-mechanical Systems .IEEE Transaction on magnetics, 1994, 30(5):3252 一 3255
[27] Lin Xin, Gao Huijun, Xu Jianyuan. Calculation and Analysis of the Coupled Probiem in the Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker[A], IEEE CEFC[C], Milwaukee, USA, 2000
[28] Lin Xin, Gao Huijun, Cai Zhiyuan, Magnetic Field Calculation and Dynamic Behavior Analysis of the Permanent Magnetic Actuator .International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, 2000,
[29] 王季梅,钱予圭.论高压真空灭弧室和真空断路器的产品开发,高压电器.2003,39
[30] 马少华,徐建源,王季梅.永磁操动机构特性分析和配用于高压真空断路器的可能性.高压电器,2000, 36 (4)
[31] E P Dick, D Fischer, et al.Point-on-wave Capacitor Switching and Adjustbable Speed Drives. IEEE Trans. on PD, 1996, 11(3):1367-1372
[32] T A Bellei,R P 0' Leary, et al.Evaluating Capacitor-switching Devices for Preventing Nuisance Tripping of Adjustable-speed Drives Due to Voltage Magnification. IEEE Trans. on PD, 1996, 11 (3):1373 一 1378
[33] Lin Xin, Wu Yi,Gao Huijun. Development of the Permanet Magnetic with Intelligent Controlling System. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Shenyang, China. 2001
[34] 钱家骊,徐国政,窦晓峰.中压断路器用永磁机构中线圈不同布置的分析,高压电器,2000, 36 (2)
[35] 林莘、徐建源、高会军. 永磁操动机构动态特性计算与分析。中国电机工程学报,2002(2)
[36] 游一民,陈德桂,候建新等.永磁操动机构的发展和应用.高压电器,2003, 9(6)
[37] Rabde V P. Metal oxide varistors as surge suppressors [C].Proceeding soft he International Conference on Electromagnetic lnterference and Compatibility,1997.
[38] 刘健,倪建立,邓永辉.配电自动化系统.北京:中国水利水电出版,2003
[39] 徐国政等.高压断路器原理和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[40] Noack F ,Pospiech J ,Brocke Retal.Reliable overvoltage protection of electronicd evicesin low-voltagepower systems[C].International Symposiumon Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1999.
[41] Siegert R, Mohammed 0A. Selection of varistor for surge protection purposes based on their voltage-currentc haracteristic[C ].Proceedings of the IEEE,Southeastcon, USA, 2000.
[2] 林萃.现代高压电器技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3] 林莘、高会军、铁韧. 永磁操动机构磁场数值计算,高压电气,2000.3
[4] 盛剑霓.工程电磁场数值分析,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991
[5] 付万安,宋宝谧.高压断路器永磁操动机构的研究.中国电机工程学报,2000, 20(8)
[6] 游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001, 37
[7] 卢芸、林莘. 高压断路器新型永磁操动机构特性分析,全国电工理论与新技术 2001 年学术年会,河北保定,2001。
[8] 卢芸、林莘. 配永磁操动机构真空断路器力学特性分析,东北电力技术,2001(9)
[9] 王海峰、徐建源. 永磁操动机构磁场数值计算和结构分析,高压电气,2002,38:(1)
[10] 高会军,林萃,蔡志远.永磁操动机构磁场计算及动特性计算.沈阳工业大学学报,2000, 22
[11] 吴翊、林莘. 永磁机构的微机控制系统,沈阳电力高等专科学校学报,2001(2):35～37
[12] 李岩,王胜辉,林萃,真空断路器永磁机构设计与分析软件的开发.高压电器,2003, 39 [18]
[13] 朱佩龙.具有电容器特性在线检测功能的控制电路设计.高压电器,2003, 39(5)
[14] 张俊民,徐国政,钱家骊.一种永磁操动机构的智能控制与电子驱动装置的研制.高压电器,2003, 9 (1)
[15] A J W Laminers, P P Leufkens, G C Schoonenbery. MV Vacuum Switchgear Based on Magnetic Actuators. In:IEE Conference Publication. No.459,1998.
[16] 闰静,卢秋艳,金黎等.配电自动化开关智能控制器的设计.高压电器,2004, 40
[17] 王章启,李喜桂.关于开关电器的智能化.高压电器,1999, 35 (3)
[18] ABB technical catalogue .Microprocessor-driven protection and control unit for the ISM module
[19] B A R Mcken, Dr C Reuber. Magnets and Vacuum-the Perfect Match. In: IEE Conference Publication. No. 459, 1998.
[20] Z. Li,L. A. Renforth, D. W. Auckland and B. Varlow. Computer Aided Optimal Design of Magnetic Actuator for Autorecloser Application. In: IEE Conference Publication. No. 459, 1998
[21] 李利、徐建源. 同步关合控制的研究,中国电工技术学会第五届全国智能化电器及其应用研讨会,西安,2001.11
[22] 游一民,陈德桂等,真空断路器关合速度与预击穿对同步关合的影响研究。电工技术学报.2004,19(7)
[23] 游一民,陈德桂,罗文科等.关于永磁机构中永磁工作点的讨论.高压电器,2002, 38
[24] E Dullni.Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnetic Actuator and Eletronic Control. Proceedings CIRED. 1999, 150 一 156
[25] Ware B J. Synchronous switching of power systems Rep. 13.205, CIGRE,1990
[26] Ren Z, Razek A .A Strong Coupled Model for analysing Dynamic Behaviours of Non-linear Electro-mechanical Systems .IEEE Transaction on magnetics, 1994, 30(5):3252 一 3255
[27] Lin Xin, Gao Huijun, Xu Jianyuan. Calculation and Analysis of the Coupled Probiem in the Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker[A], IEEE CEFC[C], Milwaukee, USA, 2000
[28] Lin Xin, Gao Huijun, Cai Zhiyuan, Magnetic Field Calculation and Dynamic Behavior Analysis of the Permanent Magnetic Actuator .International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, 2000,
[29] 王季梅,钱予圭.论高压真空灭弧室和真空断路器的产品开发,高压电器.2003,39
[30] 马少华,徐建源,王季梅.永磁操动机构特性分析和配用于高压真空断路器的可能性.高压电器,2000, 36 (4)
[31] E P Dick, D Fischer, et al.Point-on-wave Capacitor Switching and Adjustbable Speed Drives. IEEE Trans. on PD, 1996, 11(3):1367-1372
[32] T A Bellei,R P 0' Leary, et al.Evaluating Capacitor-switching Devices for Preventing Nuisance Tripping of Adjustable-speed Drives Due to Voltage Magnification. IEEE Trans. on PD, 1996, 11 (3):1373 一 1378
[33] Lin Xin, Wu Yi,Gao Huijun. Development of the Permanet Magnetic with Intelligent Controlling System. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Shenyang, China. 2001
[34] 钱家骊,徐国政,窦晓峰.中压断路器用永磁机构中线圈不同布置的分析,高压电器,2000, 36 (2)
[35] 林莘、徐建源、高会军. 永磁操动机构动态特性计算与分析。中国电机工程学报,2002(2)
[36] 游一民,陈德桂,候建新等.永磁操动机构的发展和应用.高压电器,2003, 9(6)
[37] Rabde V P. Metal oxide varistors as surge suppressors [C].Proceeding soft he International Conference on Electromagnetic lnterference and Compatibility,1997.
[38] 刘健,倪建立,邓永辉.配电自动化系统.北京:中国水利水电出版,2003
[39] 徐国政等.高压断路器原理和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[40] Noack F ,Pospiech J ,Brocke Retal.Reliable overvoltage protection of electronicd evicesin low-voltagepower systems[C].International Symposiumon Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1999.
[41] Siegert R, Mohammed 0A. Selection of varistor for surge protection purposes based on their voltage-currentc haracteristic[C ].Proceedings of the IEEE,Southeastcon, USA, 2000.