香梨白兰地的品质及陈酿机理的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文以库尔勒香梨为原料,经发酵、蒸馏、陈酿而成香梨白兰地酒,试验中对香梨白兰地酒的蒸馏、理化性质进行研究,并对香梨白兰地酒的陈酿及机理进行了研究和探讨。试验中采用氮气吹扫、液氮捕集,并结合气质联用仪定性,鉴定出香梨白兰地酒中香气物质17种;通过加热、低温、加酸、微波等理化方法对酒进行陈酿处理,通过常规分析和大口径毛细管色谱柱定量分析,研究了香梨白兰地在陈酿过程中的理化成份及香气成分变化,确定了各种成份的变化规律及陈酿效果;研究了橡木块处理方法对香梨白兰地品质的影响,研究结果表明,橡木的使用能显著提高香梨白兰地的品质,并确定了橡木块的处理方法、用量、及对香梨白兰地酒成份和品质的影响;通过酒液上气相中酒精浓度与酒陈酿时间的相关性研究,得出两者之有相关性,使我们有可能通过理化测定的方法确定酒的老熟程度。
Kuerle Fragrant Pear was used as material to obtain Fragrant Pear Brandy by the technology of fermentation ,distillation, ageing. The way of distillation and physical and chemical properties were studied and the mechanism of ageing of brandy was probed into. The qualitative analysis of 17 kinds of brandy aroma was identified through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) by the use of nitrogen and liquid nitrogen frozen capturing. We disposed of brandy by the way of heating , lowering temperature ,microwave and adding different kinds of acid. The change of physical and chemical components and aroma of brandy was researched by routine test and quantitative analysis on major capillary column. The varying law and ageing result of different chemical compositions were determined. After researching the method of handling oak, we found the quality of brandy was notably raised with the use of oak .we determined the way of handling oak , the content of oak and the effect on Fragrant Pear Brandy. We found the interrelation between the alcohol concentration on brandy gas and ageing time. We may determine the ageing degree of liquor through physical and chemical tests.
引文
[1] Salunkhe D.k. etal,1984, Posthavest Biotechnology of Fruits,CRC Prss ,INC, P126-137
    [2] 曲向华,1997,库尔勒香梨采后果皮的抗病性特性及主要致腐病原菌侵染过程的研究,新疆农业大学硕士学位论文
    [3] 冯作山,2001年香梨白兰地酒中试报告
    [4] 吕允超,面对WTO,市场机制决定酒类企业生死存亡, 酿酒科技 2001年,p103-104.
    [5] 卢杏芬译,莫法西比卢苏等国,烈性酒产销动态,中国酿造,1988年,2 ,p38-40.
    [6] 朱梅,李文庵 ,郭其昌,葡萄酒工艺学 轻工业出版社
    [7] 熊子书,威士忌酒、白兰地生产与人工老熟,中国酿造,1980 年,(2)p13-16.
    [8] 潘忠汉,人工加速酒老熟的探讨,酿酒,1985年,(5), p6-13
    [9] 李增胜,用激光老熟清香型名白酒的实验,酿酒科技,1985年, p11-13
    [10] 蒋茂贵,白酒催陈的一种新方法,酿酒,1990年,p56-59.
    [11] 孙庆文、邹先洪等, 白酒人工陈酿技术调查初记 山西食品工业 1990年, (2) p53-55.
    [12] Puech.J.L J.Science.Food Agriculture,1985, 42, p165-172.
    [13] 崔宝欣等,白兰地陈酿促进剂的研制,食品与发酵工业,1990,(5),p26-29
    [14] 张理惠译,橡木中提取酚类化合物用于陈酿白兰地,酿酒科技,1990年,(2),p45-47
    [15] 朱宝镛,brandy-Cognac简介,中国酿造,1989年,(2),p59-61
    [16] 《Food Technology 》,1999,Vol(53),No10 ,P58-63.
    [17] 吴志勇,我国白酒气相色谱分析现状及其发展,酿酒,1994年,(2)p32-41.
    [18] Astm,1971,Gc,terms and relationship ,American Society for testing and materials, Philadelphia p355-368.
    [19] Z.Witkiewicz and J.Mazum,1990, liquid crystal statio stationary Phases in capillacy column, LG-GC, 8, 24
    [20] R.D. Dandenean and E.H.zerenner ,1989,the invention of The fused silica Columns; an industrial perspective 10th international symposium on capillacy Chromatography , Ed.P. Sandra,Huthing p5.
    [21] R.E Major.1990.Response to gas Chromatography users survey current trends in column users and Techniques, LC-GC,8 ,442.
    [22] 沈尧坤,关于白酒中醇酯等成分气相色谱分析方法探讨,酿酒,1994,2,p13-15.
    [23] Tomas Herraiz Ethy 1-methy1-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboxylate:a novel β-carboline foundin alcoholic beverages Food Chemistry 66(1999)313-321
    [24] Susan E Ebeler Analysis of brandy aroma by solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction Journal of Science of Food of and Agriculture 80:625-630(2000)
    [25] Young Joon Park Gas Chromatographic Organic Acid Profiling Analysis of Grandies and Whiskeys for Pattern Recognition Analysis J.Agric.Food chem.1999,47,2322-2326
    [26] Isabelle Cutzach Identification of Volatile Compounds with a "Toasty" Aroma in Heated Oak Used in Barrelmaking J.Agnc.Food Chem.1997,45,2217-2224
    [27] Juan Mangas Evolution of Aromatic and Furanic Congeners in the Maturation of Cider Brandy:A Contribution to Its Characterization J.Agric.Food Chem.1996,44,3303-3307
    [28] Juan Mangas Volatiles in Distillates of Cider Aged in American Oak Wood J.Agric.Food Chem. 1996,44,268-273
    [29] J.Quesada Granados Influence of Aging Factors on the Furanic Aldehyde Contents of Matured Brandies:Aging Markers J.Agric.Food Chem. 1996,44,1378-1381
    [30] 崔宝欣,无定形橡木陈酿白兰地的机理研究,烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),1997年第3期
    [31] 李华,橡木桶与葡萄酒,中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2002年第1期
    [32] 崔宝欣,白兰地陈酿质量指标的初步探讨,食品与发酵工业,1997年,第6期
    [33] 乔春,浅谈柞木桶陈酿白兰地的机理及其应用,酿酒科技,1994年5期
    [34] 黄发新,活性干酵母在菠萝白兰地酿造中的应用研究,酿酒科技,1997年,第6期
    [35] 崔宝欣,无定形橡木陈酿白兰地的研究,酿酒科技,1997年,第2期
    [36] 金佩璋,气相色谱分析与白酒香味及感官品评的关系研究,酿酒科技 1995年,第4期
    [37] 王夺元等,中国酿造,1991年,第6期
    [38] 沈洪,国外酒类发酵技术的进展,中国酿造,2001年,第1期
    [39] 赵怀杰,浅谈白酒催陈的效果问题,山西食品工业,1995年,第3期
    [40] 沈尧绅,果酒中芳香成分的分析,食品与发酵工业,1990年,第4期
    [41] 赵怀杰,再谈白酒催陈后的可逆现象,酿酒科技,1996年,第6期
    [42] 郭文杰,利用大口径毛细管柱直接进样快速测定白酒中的乳酸乙酯和己酸 乙酯,酿酒科技,1995年,第3期
    [43] 崔宝欣,无定形橡木陈酿白兰地的工艺研究,烟台师范学院学报(自然科学版),1997年,第4期
    [44] 蒋耀庭,激光和静电场催陈食醋研究,中国调味品,1999年,第5期
    [45] 陈国珍,气相色谱在白酒老熟中的应用,酿酒科技,1997年,第2期
    [46] 蔡定城,葡萄酒工业分析手册,1988年,轻工业出版社
    [47] 李中伟,浅析伏特加醛含量的测定,酿酒科技,1998年,第3期
    [48] 金佩璋,要重视白酒色谱分析中标样混合品的选用,酿酒科技,1996年,第1期
    [49] 秦含章,葡萄酒分析化学,1991,中国轻工业出版社
    [50] 周华, 进口名酒的气相色谱鉴定,食品科学,1995年,第11期
    [51] 陈木兰,浅谈白酒的老熟,酿酒科技,1992年,第6期
    [52] 刘兴照,白酒勾兑中甜味剂的选择,酿酒科技,1994年,第2期
    [53] 崔宝欣,白兰地陈酿促进剂的研究,食品与发酵工业,1998年,第8期
    [54] 邱莉璇,气相色谱法测定蒸馏酒及配制酒中酒精含量,酿酒科技,1998年 ,第5期
    [55] 杨兴安,溶解在低度白酒勾调中的应用,酿酒科技,2001年,第1期
    [56] 邢明月,讨论白酒酒度,酿酒科技,1994年,第1期
    [57] 武化新,浅谈白酒毛细管色谱分离问题,酿酒科技,1998年,第3期
    [58] 沈尧坤,关于直接进样气相色谱分析白酒香味组分几种方法的探讨,酿酒科技,1996年 第5期
    [59] 龙彦,运用回归方程探讨三花酒新酒总酸总酯之间的关系,酿酒科技,1997年,第5期
    [60] 周荣祖,无标准分析法中电位滴定法测定有色配制酒总酸的方法,酿酒科技,1998年,第5期
    [61] 冯英志,气相色谱法分析不同轮次茅曲酒的化学组成物,酿酒科技,1997年,第4期
    [62] 田正斌,浅析露天大罐对白酒的老熟作用及其机理,酿酒科技,1998年 ,第5期
    [63] 吴志勇,我国白酒气相色谱分析现状及其发展,酿酒科技,1994年,第2期
    [64] 郭凤茹,白兰地等蒸馏酒老熟机理的分析探讨,酿酒科技,1992年,第4期
    [65] 赵怀杰,白酒综合催陈探讨,酿酒科技,1994年,第4期
    [66] 姜淑荣,现行测定酒精份方法的研究,酿酒科技,1996年,第2期
    [67] 张秀香,标准加入法连续测定白兰地酒中钙铁含量,酿酒科技,1997年,第2期
    [68] 孙景庄,化学法催陈白酒的研究,食品科学,1994年,第4期
    [69] 李智红,标准加入定量技术分光光度法测定食用酒精中杂醇油含量,酿酒科技,1996年,第4期
    [70] 黄发新,全果菠萝白兰地的初步研究,中国酿造,1999年,第2期
    [71] 尹卓荣,白兰地酒中酚类物质的特性比例与酒的质量等级的关系,酿酒科技,1996年,第5期
    [72] 朱力,轩尼诗的蒸馏工艺,酿酒科技,1995年,第1期
    [73] 尹卓荣,苏格兰威士忌的现状和未来,酿酒科技,1995年,第1期
    [74] 郭生金,白酒的人工催陈与化学平衡,酿酒科技,1996年,第1期
    [75] 赵怀杰,白酒催陈中的可逆现象,酿酒科技,1995年,第1期
    [76] 童作林,高温快速酯化工艺在提高调味酒产量、质量上的作用,酿酒科技 1996年,第4期
    [77] 李国红,新型白酒生产技术(五),酿酒科技,2001年,第1期
    [78] Teranishi R, Flath RA and sugisawa H, Flavour-Research-Recent Advance. Marcel Dekker, New York(1981).
    [79] Acree TE and Teranishi R, Flavour science: Sensible Principles and Techniques. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC(1993)
    [80] Singleton VL, Maturation of wines and spirits :comparison, facts, and hypotheses. Am J Enol Vitic 46:98-115(1995)
    [81] Jennings W and Shibamoto T, Qualitative Analysis of Flavour and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography. Academic Press, New York(1990)
    [82] De la Calle Garcia D, Magnaghi S, Reichenbacher M and Danzer K, Systematic optimization of the analysis of wine bouquet components by solid-phase microextraction. J High Resol Chromatogr 19:257-262(1996)
    [83] Roufet M, Bayonove C and Cordonnier R, Changes in fatty acids fron grape lipidic fractions during crushing exposed to air. Am J Enol Vitic 37:202-205(1986)
    [84] Miller, D .P.; Howell, G. S.; Michaelis, C. S.; Dickmann, D. I. The content of phenolic acid and aldehyde flavor components of white oak as affected by site and species. Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1992,43,333-338.
    [85] Puech, J. L. Characteristics of oak wood and biochemical aspects of Armagnac aging. Am. J. Enol. Vitic.1984,35,77-81
    [86] Puech, J. L. Phenolic compounds in oak wood extracts used in the aging of brandies. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1988,42,165-172
    [87] Puech, J. L.; Jouret, C.; Deibner, L.; Alibert, G. Phenolic compounds in Armagnac and Rum. Ⅱ. Degradation products of lignine: aldehydes and aromatic acids. Ind. Alim. Agric. 1997,483-493
    [88] Puech, J. L.; Lepoutre, J. P.; Baumes, R.; Bayonove, C.; Moutounet, M. Influence of thermal treatment of barrels on the evolution of some oak components in spirits. Abstracts of Papers, 1st International Scientific Symposium of Cognac; Lavoisier-Tec & Doc: Paris, 1992; p 583.
    [89] Alull, M.; Borrull, F.; Marce, R. M.; Zamora, F. HPLC Analysis of Fatty Acids in Wine. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1991, 42, 268-283.
    [90] Bozhinov. A.; Bekalov, N. Oak extract in the aging of wine distillates. Lozar.Vinar.1983, 32 (2), 21-24.
    [91] Marsal, F.; Sarre, Ch. Etude per chromatographie en phase gazeuse de substances volatiles issues du bois de chene (Gas chromatographic study on volatile substances from oak barrels). Connaiss. Vigne Vin 1987, No.1, 71-80
    [92] Moutounet, M.; Rabier, Ph.; Puech, J. L.; Verette, E.; Barillere, M. analysis by HPLC of extractable substances of oak wood-application to a chardonnay wine. Sci. Aliments 1989,9,35-51.
    [93] Onishi, M.; Guymon, J. F.; Crowell, E.A. Changes in some volatile constituents of brandy during aging. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1977,28 (3), 152-158.
    [94] Progumo, A.; Riolo, C.; Pesavento, M.; Francoli, A. Evolution of the Italian distillate "grappa" during aging in wood: a gas chromatographic and high performance liquid chro-matographic study. Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1988, 39, (4), 273-278.
    [95] Puech, J. L.; Robert, A.; Rabier, Ph.; Moutounet, M. Carac-teristiques et degradation physico-chimique de la lignine dubois de chene (Characteristics and physicochemical degra-dation of lignin in oak wood). Bull. Liaison Groupe polyphe-nols 1988, No14, 157-160.
    [96] Black, R.; Andreasen, A. Steroids in aged whisky. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.1973, 56,1357-1361.
    [97] De Smedt, P.; Liddle, P. Identification of 1,1'-diethoxypropan-2-one in spirits aged in wood. Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1978, 29, 286-288.
    [98] Ferreira, V. New contributions to analytical chemistry of wine aroma. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Zaragoza(Spain), 1992.
    [99] Ferreira, V.; Rapp, A.; Cacho, J.; Hastrich, H.; Yavas, I. Fast and quantitative determination of wine flavor compounds using microextraction with freon 113.J.Agric.Food Chem. 1993,41,1413-1420.
    [100] Guymon, J. F.; Crowell, E. A. GC-separated brandy compo-nents derived from French and American oaks. Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1972, 23,114-120.
    [101] Marais, J.; Houtman, A. Quantitative gas chromatographic determination of specific esters and higher alcohol in wine using freon extraction. Am. J. Enol.Vitic.1979, 250-252.
    [102] Nykanen, P.; Suomalainen, H. Esters of aliphatic monocar-boxylic acids. In Aroma of Beer, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages; Nykanen,P.,Suomalainen,H.,Eds.;Akademie-Verlag:Berlin,1983; Chapter 11.
    [103] Onishi, M.; Guymon, J. F.; Crowell, E. A. Changes in some volatile constituents of brandy during aging.Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1977, 28,152-158.
    [104] Reazin,G. Chemical mechanisms of whiskey maturation.Am.J.Enol.Vitic.1981, 32,283-289.
    [105] Reazin, G.; Baldwin, S.; Scales, H.; Washington, H.; An-dreasen, A. Determination of the congeners produced from ethanol during whisky maturation. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.1976, 59,770-776.
    [106] Yavas, I.; Rapp, A. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of raki flavor compounds. Dtsch. Lebensm. Rundsch.1991, 87,41-45.
    [107] 王恭堂,白兰地工艺学,中国轻工业出版社
    [108]黄宗航,葡萄酒香气成分分析,新疆出版社

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700