基于事务的Web服务组合问题的研究与应用
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摘要
Web服务组合作为基于Internet的典型的服务组合形式,正在得到广泛的关注。由于Web服务的松耦合特点,为保证多个服务交互获得正确的执行和一致性的结果,有必要为服务提供事务机制。目前,服务组合中的事务处理已成为一个研究热点。
本文针对组合服务事务的长事务特点,提出了一个通用的支持事务机制的组合服务描述模型(UWSC-NTM),该模型的特点之处在于支持动态的基于事务的Web服务组合,并且具有丰富的执行语义,可支持复杂的Web服务组合。本文采用形式化的方法对该模型的执行语义进行验证,并提出了模型的良构性准则。基于该模型,设计并实现了一个组合服务事务恢复算法。该算法引入了事务执行器和事务协调器的概念,提出了基于候选服务队列的前向恢复方法和基于历史状态轨迹的后向恢复方法,不同于传统的集中式模型下的单协调器方式,采甩分布式的事务协调方法,解决了单协调器的性能瓶颈问题和单点失效问题,改善了组合服务的成功率和平均响应时间。本文又设计出一个基于资源划分的组合服务事务并发控制算法,该算法充分考虑了组合服务事务中的各种并发情况,引入资源单元、粗粒度划分和细粒度划分的概念来保证事务并发的高效性,通过测试验证了该算法对事务并发控制调度的语义可串行性。最后针对当前CICS事务管理器缺乏对组合服务事务的有力支持,设计了一个支持组合服务事务的原型系统,包含了事务管理器、并发控制模块、错误恢复模块。该系统在协调各成员服务的事务行为的同时,还提供了错误恢复和并发控制的功能。
本文主要在组合服务事务模型、错误恢复、并发控制及支持事务的组合服务原型系统等方面进行研究,为组合服务事务的研究提供了新的思路和方法。
Web service composition as a typical Internet-based service composition form, is widely attentioned. Due to the loosely coupled characteristic of web services, to ensure the proper interaction between each other web services and consistency of the results, it is necessary to provide the transaction mechanisms. At present, the transactional processing of composite web services has become a research hotspot.
For the long running characteristic of web service transaction, this paper proposed a universal composition web services description model (UWSC-NTM) which supported the transactional mechanism. This model support dynamic transaction-based Web service composition, and has a wealth of execution semantics to support a complex Web service composition. In this paper, using the formal methods to verify the execution semantic of UWSC-NTM and proposed the well-formedness criteria. Based on the model, design and implement a composite service transaction recovery algorithm. The algorithm introduced the transaction executor and transaction coordinator concept, proposed CSQ based forward recovery algorithm and HST based backward recovery algorithm, different from the traditional centralized model of a single coordinator approach, using a distributed transaction coordinated approach to solve the single-coordinator of the performance bottleneck and single point failure problems and improve the success rate of the composite services and the average response time. This paper also designed a resource-division concurrency control algorithm for composite web services, which take full account of the composite service affairs of the various concurrent circumstances, introduce resource units, coarse-grained and fine-grained division concepts to ensure the transaction concurrency efficiency. This algorithm is verified by testing the transaction concurrency control semantic serializability. Finally according to the CICS transaction manager lack of composite web services transaction support, designed a prototype system includes a transaction manager, concurrency control module, error recovery module.
In this paper, focus on the research of composite service transaction model, error recovery, concurrency control and prototype system for the composite web services, providing the new ideas and methods for this research area.
本文针对组合服务事务的长事务特点,提出了一个通用的支持事务机制的组合服务描述模型(UWSC-NTM),该模型的特点之处在于支持动态的基于事务的Web服务组合,并且具有丰富的执行语义,可支持复杂的Web服务组合。本文采用形式化的方法对该模型的执行语义进行验证,并提出了模型的良构性准则。基于该模型,设计并实现了一个组合服务事务恢复算法。该算法引入了事务执行器和事务协调器的概念,提出了基于候选服务队列的前向恢复方法和基于历史状态轨迹的后向恢复方法,不同于传统的集中式模型下的单协调器方式,采甩分布式的事务协调方法,解决了单协调器的性能瓶颈问题和单点失效问题,改善了组合服务的成功率和平均响应时间。本文又设计出一个基于资源划分的组合服务事务并发控制算法,该算法充分考虑了组合服务事务中的各种并发情况,引入资源单元、粗粒度划分和细粒度划分的概念来保证事务并发的高效性,通过测试验证了该算法对事务并发控制调度的语义可串行性。最后针对当前CICS事务管理器缺乏对组合服务事务的有力支持,设计了一个支持组合服务事务的原型系统,包含了事务管理器、并发控制模块、错误恢复模块。该系统在协调各成员服务的事务行为的同时,还提供了错误恢复和并发控制的功能。
本文主要在组合服务事务模型、错误恢复、并发控制及支持事务的组合服务原型系统等方面进行研究,为组合服务事务的研究提供了新的思路和方法。
Web service composition as a typical Internet-based service composition form, is widely attentioned. Due to the loosely coupled characteristic of web services, to ensure the proper interaction between each other web services and consistency of the results, it is necessary to provide the transaction mechanisms. At present, the transactional processing of composite web services has become a research hotspot.
For the long running characteristic of web service transaction, this paper proposed a universal composition web services description model (UWSC-NTM) which supported the transactional mechanism. This model support dynamic transaction-based Web service composition, and has a wealth of execution semantics to support a complex Web service composition. In this paper, using the formal methods to verify the execution semantic of UWSC-NTM and proposed the well-formedness criteria. Based on the model, design and implement a composite service transaction recovery algorithm. The algorithm introduced the transaction executor and transaction coordinator concept, proposed CSQ based forward recovery algorithm and HST based backward recovery algorithm, different from the traditional centralized model of a single coordinator approach, using a distributed transaction coordinated approach to solve the single-coordinator of the performance bottleneck and single point failure problems and improve the success rate of the composite services and the average response time. This paper also designed a resource-division concurrency control algorithm for composite web services, which take full account of the composite service affairs of the various concurrent circumstances, introduce resource units, coarse-grained and fine-grained division concepts to ensure the transaction concurrency efficiency. This algorithm is verified by testing the transaction concurrency control semantic serializability. Finally according to the CICS transaction manager lack of composite web services transaction support, designed a prototype system includes a transaction manager, concurrency control module, error recovery module.
In this paper, focus on the research of composite service transaction model, error recovery, concurrency control and prototype system for the composite web services, providing the new ideas and methods for this research area.
引文
[1]Michael P.Papazoglou,Willem-Jan van den Heuvel.Web Services Management:A Survey[J].Internet Computing,2005,9(12),1089-7801.
[2]官荷卿.Web服务事务的研究综述[J].计算机科学,2005,32(5):13-16.
[3]TMikalsen,S Tai,I Rouvellou.Transactional attitudes:Reliable composition of autonomous Web services[C].International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks,USA,2002:280-288.
[4]M.Younas,B.Eaglestone,R.A formal treatment of a sacred protocol for multidatabase web transactions[C].Proceedings of 11~(th) International Conference on Database and Expert Applications,London,2000:899-908.
[5]王晓航,牛纪桢,李凤岐.基于Mainframe的银行Web服务安全事务管理机制的研究[J].网络安全技术与应用.
[6]S Jajodia,L Kerschberg.Advanced Transaction Models and Architectures[M].The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers.1997.3-34.
[7]李红臣,史美林,陈信祥.事务工作流的并发控制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12:1-9.
[8]Business transaction protocol versionl.0[EB/OL].[2002-06-03].http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/1184/2002-06-03.BTP_cttee_spec_1.0.pdf
[9]Web Services Coordination(WS-Coordination) specification Versionl.0[EB-OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/WS-Coordi nation.pdf.
[10]Web Services Transactions(WS-Transaction) specification[EB/OL].[2002-08-09].http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-transpec.
[11]Web Services Atomic Transaction Version 1.0(WS-Atomic Transaction)[EB/OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibm-dl/pub/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/ WS-AtomicTransaction.pdf.
[12]Web Services Business Activity Framework Version 1.0[EB/OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/WS-Business Activity.pdf.
[13]Benchaphon Limthanmaphon,Yanchun Zhang.Web Service Composition Transaction Management[C].In the 5th Australasian Database Conference,2004,27:171-179.
[14]唐飞龙,李明禄,曹健.一个Web服务事务处理模型:结构、算法和事务补偿[J].电子学报,2003,31(12):2074-2078.
[15]Sami Bhiri,Claude Godart,Olivier Perrin.A Transaction-oriented Framework for Composing Transactional Web Services[C],IEEE International Conference on (SCC' 04),2004:654-663.
[16]Benjamin A.Schmit,Schahram Dustdar.Model-driven Development of Web Service Transactions,2005.http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/staff/sd/papers/btw05.pdf
[17]Benjamin A.Schmit,Schahram Dustdar.Towards Transactional Web Services[C].In:Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology Workshops(CECW' 05),2005.
[18]Cardoso,J.,Sheth,A.,Miller,J.,Arnold,J.,Kochut,K.:Quality of service for workflows and web service processes[J].Web Semantics,2004(2):200-206.
[19]Sulistio A,Kim KyongHoon,Buyya R.Using Revenue Management to Determine Pricing of Reservations[C].Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Bangalore,2007:396-405.
[20]Buyya R,Murshed M,hbramson D,et al.Scheduling parameter sweep applications on global Grids:a deadline and budget constrained cost-time optimization algorithm[J].Software Practice and Experience,2005,35(5):491 - 512.
[21]Heqing Guan,ShuChao Wan,Jun Wei.Jenova:New Approach on Concurrency Control in Web Service Transaction.In:Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering[C],2006.
[22]曾慧琼,李建华,许甸.基于冲突概率的组合服务事务混合并发控制算法[J].计算机应用,2007,27(10):2433-2436
[23]Sun Microsystems,Inc.Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition Specification(Version 1.4).Available at http://java.sun.com/j2ee/docs.html,2003
[24]Alonso,G.,Schuldt,H.,Schek,H.,Concurrency Control and Recovery in Transactional Process Management.In:Proceedings of the Symposium on Principles of Database Systems in Philadelphia,pp.316-26,1999.
[25]Paulo de Figueiredo Pires.WEBTRANSACT:A framework for specifying and coordinating reliable web services compositions.Available at http://www.cos.ufrj.br/pires/webTransact.pdf.April,2002
[26]Wenbing Z.L.E.Moser and P.M.Melliar-Smith.A Reservation-Based Coordination Protocol for Web Services[J].In proceedings of ICWS05,2005,11(2):900-913.
[27]Michael P.Papazoglou.Web Services and Business Transactions[J].In World Wide Web:Internet and Web Information Systems,2003(6):49-91.
[28]丁柯,魏峻,冯玉琳.基于混合粒度的事务工作流调度算法[J].软件学报,2003,14(3):369-375.
[29]H Schuldt,G Alonso,C Beeil,H Schek.Atomicity and isolation for transactional processes[J].ACM Transactions on Database Systems,2002,27(1):63 - 116.
[30]唐飞龙,李明禄,曹健.一个Web服务事务处理模型:结构、算法和事务补偿.电子学报,2003.31(12):2074-2077.
[31] B. Benatallah, M. Dumas, Q. Z. Sheng, Facilitating the rapid development and scalable orchestration of compositeweb services [J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases 17 (1) (2005) 5-37.
[32] B. Benatallah, Q. Z. Sheng, M. Dumas, The Self-Serv environment for web services composition [J]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2003,8 (11) :40-48.
[33] M. Younas, B. Eaglestone, K.-M. Chao, A low latency resilient protocol for E-business transactions[J]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2006,22 (2) :69 - 73.
[34] Yu J, BuyyaR. Scheduling Scientific Workflow Applications with Deadline and Budget Constraints using Genetic Algorithms [J]. Scientific Programming. 2006, 14 (3) :217-230.
[35] Qin Xiao, Jiang Hong. A novel fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm for precedence constrained tasks in real-time heterogeneous systems [J]. Parallel Computing. 2006, 32 (5) :331-356.
[36] Dogan A, Ozguner F. Biobjective Scheduling Algorithms for Execution Time - Reliability Trade-off in Heterogeneous Computing Systems [J]. The Computer Journal. 2005, 48 (3) :300-314.
[37] Baru C. XViews: XML Views of Relational Schemas[C]. Proceedings of DEXA Works hop, Florence, 1999.
[38] UDDI SPec. Technical Conunittee Spcification. UDDI Version 3. 0, 2002-07, http://www. uddi. org/pubs/uddi-v3. 00-published-20020719. htm.
[39] WebServices Description Working Group. Web Services Description Language (WSDL).Versionl. 2, 2003 — 03, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12/2003.
[40] Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). http://www. w3. OTR/SOAP/.
[2]官荷卿.Web服务事务的研究综述[J].计算机科学,2005,32(5):13-16.
[3]TMikalsen,S Tai,I Rouvellou.Transactional attitudes:Reliable composition of autonomous Web services[C].International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks,USA,2002:280-288.
[4]M.Younas,B.Eaglestone,R.A formal treatment of a sacred protocol for multidatabase web transactions[C].Proceedings of 11~(th) International Conference on Database and Expert Applications,London,2000:899-908.
[5]王晓航,牛纪桢,李凤岐.基于Mainframe的银行Web服务安全事务管理机制的研究[J].网络安全技术与应用.
[6]S Jajodia,L Kerschberg.Advanced Transaction Models and Architectures[M].The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers.1997.3-34.
[7]李红臣,史美林,陈信祥.事务工作流的并发控制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12:1-9.
[8]Business transaction protocol versionl.0[EB/OL].[2002-06-03].http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/1184/2002-06-03.BTP_cttee_spec_1.0.pdf
[9]Web Services Coordination(WS-Coordination) specification Versionl.0[EB-OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/WS-Coordi nation.pdf.
[10]Web Services Transactions(WS-Transaction) specification[EB/OL].[2002-08-09].http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-transpec.
[11]Web Services Atomic Transaction Version 1.0(WS-Atomic Transaction)[EB/OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibm-dl/pub/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/ WS-AtomicTransaction.pdf.
[12]Web Services Business Activity Framework Version 1.0[EB/OL].[2005-08-30].http://download.boulder.ibm.com/ibmdl/pub/software/dw/specs/ws-tx/WS-Business Activity.pdf.
[13]Benchaphon Limthanmaphon,Yanchun Zhang.Web Service Composition Transaction Management[C].In the 5th Australasian Database Conference,2004,27:171-179.
[14]唐飞龙,李明禄,曹健.一个Web服务事务处理模型:结构、算法和事务补偿[J].电子学报,2003,31(12):2074-2078.
[15]Sami Bhiri,Claude Godart,Olivier Perrin.A Transaction-oriented Framework for Composing Transactional Web Services[C],IEEE International Conference on (SCC' 04),2004:654-663.
[16]Benjamin A.Schmit,Schahram Dustdar.Model-driven Development of Web Service Transactions,2005.http://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/staff/sd/papers/btw05.pdf
[17]Benjamin A.Schmit,Schahram Dustdar.Towards Transactional Web Services[C].In:Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology Workshops(CECW' 05),2005.
[18]Cardoso,J.,Sheth,A.,Miller,J.,Arnold,J.,Kochut,K.:Quality of service for workflows and web service processes[J].Web Semantics,2004(2):200-206.
[19]Sulistio A,Kim KyongHoon,Buyya R.Using Revenue Management to Determine Pricing of Reservations[C].Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Bangalore,2007:396-405.
[20]Buyya R,Murshed M,hbramson D,et al.Scheduling parameter sweep applications on global Grids:a deadline and budget constrained cost-time optimization algorithm[J].Software Practice and Experience,2005,35(5):491 - 512.
[21]Heqing Guan,ShuChao Wan,Jun Wei.Jenova:New Approach on Concurrency Control in Web Service Transaction.In:Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering[C],2006.
[22]曾慧琼,李建华,许甸.基于冲突概率的组合服务事务混合并发控制算法[J].计算机应用,2007,27(10):2433-2436
[23]Sun Microsystems,Inc.Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition Specification(Version 1.4).Available at http://java.sun.com/j2ee/docs.html,2003
[24]Alonso,G.,Schuldt,H.,Schek,H.,Concurrency Control and Recovery in Transactional Process Management.In:Proceedings of the Symposium on Principles of Database Systems in Philadelphia,pp.316-26,1999.
[25]Paulo de Figueiredo Pires.WEBTRANSACT:A framework for specifying and coordinating reliable web services compositions.Available at http://www.cos.ufrj.br/pires/webTransact.pdf.April,2002
[26]Wenbing Z.L.E.Moser and P.M.Melliar-Smith.A Reservation-Based Coordination Protocol for Web Services[J].In proceedings of ICWS05,2005,11(2):900-913.
[27]Michael P.Papazoglou.Web Services and Business Transactions[J].In World Wide Web:Internet and Web Information Systems,2003(6):49-91.
[28]丁柯,魏峻,冯玉琳.基于混合粒度的事务工作流调度算法[J].软件学报,2003,14(3):369-375.
[29]H Schuldt,G Alonso,C Beeil,H Schek.Atomicity and isolation for transactional processes[J].ACM Transactions on Database Systems,2002,27(1):63 - 116.
[30]唐飞龙,李明禄,曹健.一个Web服务事务处理模型:结构、算法和事务补偿.电子学报,2003.31(12):2074-2077.
[31] B. Benatallah, M. Dumas, Q. Z. Sheng, Facilitating the rapid development and scalable orchestration of compositeweb services [J]. Distrib. Parallel Databases 17 (1) (2005) 5-37.
[32] B. Benatallah, Q. Z. Sheng, M. Dumas, The Self-Serv environment for web services composition [J]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2003,8 (11) :40-48.
[33] M. Younas, B. Eaglestone, K.-M. Chao, A low latency resilient protocol for E-business transactions[J]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2006,22 (2) :69 - 73.
[34] Yu J, BuyyaR. Scheduling Scientific Workflow Applications with Deadline and Budget Constraints using Genetic Algorithms [J]. Scientific Programming. 2006, 14 (3) :217-230.
[35] Qin Xiao, Jiang Hong. A novel fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm for precedence constrained tasks in real-time heterogeneous systems [J]. Parallel Computing. 2006, 32 (5) :331-356.
[36] Dogan A, Ozguner F. Biobjective Scheduling Algorithms for Execution Time - Reliability Trade-off in Heterogeneous Computing Systems [J]. The Computer Journal. 2005, 48 (3) :300-314.
[37] Baru C. XViews: XML Views of Relational Schemas[C]. Proceedings of DEXA Works hop, Florence, 1999.
[38] UDDI SPec. Technical Conunittee Spcification. UDDI Version 3. 0, 2002-07, http://www. uddi. org/pubs/uddi-v3. 00-published-20020719. htm.
[39] WebServices Description Working Group. Web Services Description Language (WSDL).Versionl. 2, 2003 — 03, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl12/2003.
[40] Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). http://www. w3. OTR/SOAP/.