基于USB2.0接口的新型脉搏波检测系统设计
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摘要
人体脉搏波包含了许多重要的生理和病理信息,尤其是与人体心血管系统相关的信息,所以它是生物医学检测中的一个重要的生理指标。中外医学对脉搏的研究都很重视。因此,对脉搏波的准确、快速而方便地检测,成为临床医学中的一个非常重要的研究方向。而高质量脉搏信号的获取和有效的脉搏信号处理方法对与疾病相关的参数的计算分析起着决定性的作用。
本文在研究脉搏波的产生和传播的机理的基础上,开发了一套基于USB2.0通信接口的新型脉搏波检测系统,并对系统进行了测试。主要工作内容如下:
(1)根据人体桡动脉的结构和中医脉诊理论,设计了一套新型三触点脉搏波传感器。该传感器采用压电原理,选用新型压电薄膜材料PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)设计了换能器,并结合了前端电荷放大器,用于对脉搏波的准确检测。
(2)设计并开发了用于脉搏波信号调理的多级放大和滤波电路,以及以AT89S52单片机为核心的数据采集电路和以支持USB2.0接口标准的CH375芯片为核心的USB接口电路,并完成了单片机固件程序的编写,用于前端数据采集和后端的数据通信。
(3)以Visual C++6.0软件为平台,设计并开发了脉搏波检测与分析系统应用软件,用于对脉搏波数据的读取、分析、波形描述和保存,以及病员信息登记、保存、查询。
(4)分别在单片机和计算机里运用数字滤波算法对脉搏波信号进行滤波处理。用MATLAB软件设计了FIR数字滤波器,对读取的数据进行滤波处理,有效降低了噪声干扰,提高了信噪比。
本检测系统外围电路采用大量贴片封装的芯片,体积小、重量轻、便于携带。通过USB口进行供电,不需要外接电源,并可以进行脉搏波的动态实时测量,是一种极具发展潜力的新型脉搏测量系统。
Pulse wave of human body contains a number of important physiological and pathological information, in particular with the human cardiovascular system-related information, so it is an important physiological indicator of biomedical detection. The pulse wave becomes a focus of medical research not only in China but also in other countries. Therefore, the measurement of pulse wave is a very important research direction in clinical medicine. The high-quality signal of pulse wave and effective signal processing methods play a decisive role in the analysis and calculation of the parameters disease-related.
Based on the study of pulse wave with its generation and dissemination, a novel pulse wave detection system using USB2.0 interface was developed, and the system was tested. Major work is described as follows:
(1) According to the structure of radial artery in the body and theories of the Pulse Diagnosis of Chinese medicine, a new type of pulse wave sensor is designed. A transducer is designed by PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), a new piezoelectric material. With a front charge amplifier, the sensor can be used to detect the pulse wave accurately.
(2) The circuit of signal conditioning for pulse wave is designed and developed including the multi-level amplifiers and the filters. In addition, the chip of AT89S52 working as a microcontroller is choosed for data acquisition system and the CH375 , a chip which supportting the USB2.0 interface standard is choosed. At last, the firmware of the MCU (Micro Controller Unit) is completed for data acquisition and data communication with the computer.
(3) With Visual C++6.0 software as a development platform, the pulse wave detection and analysis system is designed and developed, which can be used to receive the pulse wave data for analysing and describing waveform, to preserve data, and to register the patients information for saving and querying.
(4) In the MCU and computer system, digital filtering algorithms are used to filter the pulse wave signal. Using the MATLAB software,FIR digital filter is designed to reduce the noise interference and to improve the signal to noise ratio.
A lot of small size, light weight and portability package of chips are used in the detection system. The pulse wave measurement system can be used to provide a reference for doctors because of its real-time measurement and its dynamic analysis.
本文在研究脉搏波的产生和传播的机理的基础上,开发了一套基于USB2.0通信接口的新型脉搏波检测系统,并对系统进行了测试。主要工作内容如下:
(1)根据人体桡动脉的结构和中医脉诊理论,设计了一套新型三触点脉搏波传感器。该传感器采用压电原理,选用新型压电薄膜材料PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)设计了换能器,并结合了前端电荷放大器,用于对脉搏波的准确检测。
(2)设计并开发了用于脉搏波信号调理的多级放大和滤波电路,以及以AT89S52单片机为核心的数据采集电路和以支持USB2.0接口标准的CH375芯片为核心的USB接口电路,并完成了单片机固件程序的编写,用于前端数据采集和后端的数据通信。
(3)以Visual C++6.0软件为平台,设计并开发了脉搏波检测与分析系统应用软件,用于对脉搏波数据的读取、分析、波形描述和保存,以及病员信息登记、保存、查询。
(4)分别在单片机和计算机里运用数字滤波算法对脉搏波信号进行滤波处理。用MATLAB软件设计了FIR数字滤波器,对读取的数据进行滤波处理,有效降低了噪声干扰,提高了信噪比。
本检测系统外围电路采用大量贴片封装的芯片,体积小、重量轻、便于携带。通过USB口进行供电,不需要外接电源,并可以进行脉搏波的动态实时测量,是一种极具发展潜力的新型脉搏测量系统。
Pulse wave of human body contains a number of important physiological and pathological information, in particular with the human cardiovascular system-related information, so it is an important physiological indicator of biomedical detection. The pulse wave becomes a focus of medical research not only in China but also in other countries. Therefore, the measurement of pulse wave is a very important research direction in clinical medicine. The high-quality signal of pulse wave and effective signal processing methods play a decisive role in the analysis and calculation of the parameters disease-related.
Based on the study of pulse wave with its generation and dissemination, a novel pulse wave detection system using USB2.0 interface was developed, and the system was tested. Major work is described as follows:
(1) According to the structure of radial artery in the body and theories of the Pulse Diagnosis of Chinese medicine, a new type of pulse wave sensor is designed. A transducer is designed by PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), a new piezoelectric material. With a front charge amplifier, the sensor can be used to detect the pulse wave accurately.
(2) The circuit of signal conditioning for pulse wave is designed and developed including the multi-level amplifiers and the filters. In addition, the chip of AT89S52 working as a microcontroller is choosed for data acquisition system and the CH375 , a chip which supportting the USB2.0 interface standard is choosed. At last, the firmware of the MCU (Micro Controller Unit) is completed for data acquisition and data communication with the computer.
(3) With Visual C++6.0 software as a development platform, the pulse wave detection and analysis system is designed and developed, which can be used to receive the pulse wave data for analysing and describing waveform, to preserve data, and to register the patients information for saving and querying.
(4) In the MCU and computer system, digital filtering algorithms are used to filter the pulse wave signal. Using the MATLAB software,FIR digital filter is designed to reduce the noise interference and to improve the signal to noise ratio.
A lot of small size, light weight and portability package of chips are used in the detection system. The pulse wave measurement system can be used to provide a reference for doctors because of its real-time measurement and its dynamic analysis.
引文
[1]罗志昌,张松,杨益民.脉搏波的工程分析与临床应用.北京:科学出版社, 2006, 1-30
[2]朱文峰.中医诊断学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,77-108
[3]柳兆荣.桡动脉脉搏波的分析(I)(II).上海力学,1980,1-30
[4]张大祥.脉图基础理论研究.江西中医药,1980,1-15
[5]张竟人.脉搏波的线化理论对正常人桡动脉脉图和脉象的分析.中国生物医学报,1987,6(3)
[6]白净.脉搏波与生理病理变化关系的仿真研究.航天医学与医学工程,1996,9(1):32-36
[7]倪爱娟,田丰,孙秋明.脉搏搏动信号检测在止血模块虚拟系统中的应用.科学技术与工程,2007,7(11):2617-2620
[8]罗志昌,张松.光电容积脉搏波描记法原理及其在临床上的应用.世界医疗器械,2000, 6(9):41-47
[9]顾方舟.中国生物医学工程的发展道路.中国生物医学工程学报,1991,10(1):1-8
[10]杨玉星.生物医学传感器与检测技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,122-142
[11]常昌远.脉搏波信号的智能化监测技术及其应用基础研究.东南大学博士学位论文, 2000,12-45
[12]罗志昌.由脉搏波计算人体心输出量的方法及在临床中的应用.北京工业大学学报,1988,14(2)
[13]栾桂冬,张金铎,王仁乾.压电换能器和换能器阵.北京:北京大学出版社,2005,73-100
[14]吴报铢,沈寿彭,史观一等.压电高聚物.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1980,3-10
[15]刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2002,176-207
[16] A.Francois, P.DeMan, A.Preumont.A novel electrode design of piezoelectric film sensors: experimental validation.6th National Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2003, 1-3
[17] Tim R.Dargaville, Mathew C.Celina, Pavel M.Chapyla. Evaluation of Piezoelectric PVDF Polymers for Use in Space Environments.Structural Dynamics&Materials Conference, 2004
[18] Loreto Mateu,Francesc Moll.Optimum Piezoelectric Bending Beam Structures for Energy Harvesting Using Shoe Inserts.Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2005,(16):835-845
[19] Measurement Specialties,Inc.Piezo film sensors technical manual.1999,58-79
[20] J.S.Harrison,Z.Ounaise.Piezoelectric Polymers.US:Langley Research Center Hampton, 2001,1-43
[21] G.T. DAVIS,Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Polymers. In Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications,C.P.Wong,ed.,Academic Press,Inc.Boston,MA,1993,p.435
[22]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,90-189
[23]樊巍.USB开发和设计.西安:西安电子科技大学,2002,169-193
[24]梁妃学,姚翔,于魏.双通道脉搏波速度测量系统的研制.中国医学物理学杂志, 2006,23(3):209-212
[25]王成儒,李英伟. USB2.0原理与工程开发.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,1-190
[26]张雄希.基于USB总线和89C51单片机的数据采集系统设计.自控与测量,2003,3(1):38-41
[27] Jan Axelson. USB大全.北京:中国电力出版社,2001,16-35
[28]张念淮,江浩.USB总线接口开发指南.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,89-170
[29]徐永和.USB外围设备设计与应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,130-175
[30]叶超.基于USB接口的高密度数据采集系统.西安工业学院学报,2004,24(21):160-162
[31]南京沁恒电子科技有限公司.CH375手册,2002
[32]翁铁成.基于嵌入式平台的USB协议研究.北京理工大学硕士论文,2001,(1):4-6
[33]王省书.通用串行总线及其应用.计算机研究,2000,(1):6-8
[34]钟富昭,张晨.8051单片机典型模块设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,112-119
[35]徐爱均.8051单片机实践教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,139-175
[36]徐惠民,安德宁.单片微型计算机原理、接口及应用(第二版).北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2000,162-190
[37] http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn
[38]孙义,马莉.WindowsWDM设备驱动程序开发指南.机械工业出版社,2000:313-392
[39]顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术——设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社2004,
[40]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999,298-303
[41]张海棠.Visual C++6.0编程指南.北京:航空工业出版社,1999,216-286
[42]维纳.K.恩格尔,约翰.G.普罗克斯,刘树棠译.数字信号处理-使用MATLAB.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002,172-186
[43]余祥宣,崔国华,邹海明.计算机算法基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000,3-34
[44]杨福生.生物医学信号处理.北京:高等教育出版社,1989,50-73
[45]余成波,杨菁,杨如民.数字信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社.2005,50-72
[46]薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,10-75
[47]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2003,20-110
[48]程佩清.数字信号处理教程(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001,228-330
[49]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7基础与提高.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,1-25
[50]王沫然.MATLAB与科学计算(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003,60-93
[51] http://www.mathworks.com
[52]刘海龙.生物医学信号处理.北京:化学工业出版社,2006,154-175
[53]钱伟立.高斯函数分解法提取脉搏波特征.中国生物医学工程学报,1994,13(1):1-7
[2]朱文峰.中医诊断学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995,77-108
[3]柳兆荣.桡动脉脉搏波的分析(I)(II).上海力学,1980,1-30
[4]张大祥.脉图基础理论研究.江西中医药,1980,1-15
[5]张竟人.脉搏波的线化理论对正常人桡动脉脉图和脉象的分析.中国生物医学报,1987,6(3)
[6]白净.脉搏波与生理病理变化关系的仿真研究.航天医学与医学工程,1996,9(1):32-36
[7]倪爱娟,田丰,孙秋明.脉搏搏动信号检测在止血模块虚拟系统中的应用.科学技术与工程,2007,7(11):2617-2620
[8]罗志昌,张松.光电容积脉搏波描记法原理及其在临床上的应用.世界医疗器械,2000, 6(9):41-47
[9]顾方舟.中国生物医学工程的发展道路.中国生物医学工程学报,1991,10(1):1-8
[10]杨玉星.生物医学传感器与检测技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,122-142
[11]常昌远.脉搏波信号的智能化监测技术及其应用基础研究.东南大学博士学位论文, 2000,12-45
[12]罗志昌.由脉搏波计算人体心输出量的方法及在临床中的应用.北京工业大学学报,1988,14(2)
[13]栾桂冬,张金铎,王仁乾.压电换能器和换能器阵.北京:北京大学出版社,2005,73-100
[14]吴报铢,沈寿彭,史观一等.压电高聚物.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1980,3-10
[15]刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2002,176-207
[16] A.Francois, P.DeMan, A.Preumont.A novel electrode design of piezoelectric film sensors: experimental validation.6th National Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2003, 1-3
[17] Tim R.Dargaville, Mathew C.Celina, Pavel M.Chapyla. Evaluation of Piezoelectric PVDF Polymers for Use in Space Environments.Structural Dynamics&Materials Conference, 2004
[18] Loreto Mateu,Francesc Moll.Optimum Piezoelectric Bending Beam Structures for Energy Harvesting Using Shoe Inserts.Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2005,(16):835-845
[19] Measurement Specialties,Inc.Piezo film sensors technical manual.1999,58-79
[20] J.S.Harrison,Z.Ounaise.Piezoelectric Polymers.US:Langley Research Center Hampton, 2001,1-43
[21] G.T. DAVIS,Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Polymers. In Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications,C.P.Wong,ed.,Academic Press,Inc.Boston,MA,1993,p.435
[22]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,90-189
[23]樊巍.USB开发和设计.西安:西安电子科技大学,2002,169-193
[24]梁妃学,姚翔,于魏.双通道脉搏波速度测量系统的研制.中国医学物理学杂志, 2006,23(3):209-212
[25]王成儒,李英伟. USB2.0原理与工程开发.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,1-190
[26]张雄希.基于USB总线和89C51单片机的数据采集系统设计.自控与测量,2003,3(1):38-41
[27] Jan Axelson. USB大全.北京:中国电力出版社,2001,16-35
[28]张念淮,江浩.USB总线接口开发指南.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,89-170
[29]徐永和.USB外围设备设计与应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,130-175
[30]叶超.基于USB接口的高密度数据采集系统.西安工业学院学报,2004,24(21):160-162
[31]南京沁恒电子科技有限公司.CH375手册,2002
[32]翁铁成.基于嵌入式平台的USB协议研究.北京理工大学硕士论文,2001,(1):4-6
[33]王省书.通用串行总线及其应用.计算机研究,2000,(1):6-8
[34]钟富昭,张晨.8051单片机典型模块设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,112-119
[35]徐爱均.8051单片机实践教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,139-175
[36]徐惠民,安德宁.单片微型计算机原理、接口及应用(第二版).北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2000,162-190
[37] http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn
[38]孙义,马莉.WindowsWDM设备驱动程序开发指南.机械工业出版社,2000:313-392
[39]顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术——设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社2004,
[40]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999,298-303
[41]张海棠.Visual C++6.0编程指南.北京:航空工业出版社,1999,216-286
[42]维纳.K.恩格尔,约翰.G.普罗克斯,刘树棠译.数字信号处理-使用MATLAB.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002,172-186
[43]余祥宣,崔国华,邹海明.计算机算法基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000,3-34
[44]杨福生.生物医学信号处理.北京:高等教育出版社,1989,50-73
[45]余成波,杨菁,杨如民.数字信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社.2005,50-72
[46]薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,10-75
[47]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2003,20-110
[48]程佩清.数字信号处理教程(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001,228-330
[49]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7基础与提高.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,1-25
[50]王沫然.MATLAB与科学计算(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003,60-93
[51] http://www.mathworks.com
[52]刘海龙.生物医学信号处理.北京:化学工业出版社,2006,154-175
[53]钱伟立.高斯函数分解法提取脉搏波特征.中国生物医学工程学报,1994,13(1):1-7