湘北丘陵地区小城镇空间形态研究
|
摘要
在20世纪即将结束的时候,中共中央国务院下发了《关于促进小城镇健康发展的若干意见》的决定,要求把小城镇作为带动农村社会经济发展的大战略来抓,加快小城镇的发展与建设亦成为各级政府的共识。
我国小城镇分布地域广阔,历史文化环境不同,形成了各具地域文化特色的小城镇。由于受到外界客观因素的制约,传统村镇形成了协调自然环境、社会结构与乡民生活的居住环境,体现出结合地方条件与自然共生的建造思想。它们结合地形、节约用地、考虑气候条件、节约能源、注重环境生态及景观塑造,运用高超技艺、当地材料及地方化的建造方式,形成自然朴实的建筑风格,体现了人与自然的和谐景象。可以说,因地制宜、顺应自然是传统村镇空间营造的一个主导思想。
但随着近年来小城镇建设规模的扩大和速度的加快,小城镇建设中也逐渐呈现出大城市中出现的城镇面貌雷同、失去城镇特色的趋势。因此,急需对小城镇空间设计尽可能提供一些参考资料,以便能加以引导。
本文在前人相关研究成果的基础上,提出了“湘北丘陵地区小城镇空间形态研究”这一论题,融汇贯通了建筑学、城市规划、地理学和经济学的相关知识,有针对性地对这一选题进行了探讨,希望能对湘北丘陵地区小城镇建设乃至中国小城镇建设尽一点绵薄之力。
本文共分为五个部分,其结构和主要内容如下:
第一部分是绪论,主要阐述了论文选题的主要背景、研究意义、研究目的、相关概念界定、相关文献综述、研究方法和基本框架。
第二部通过介绍五个小城镇设计案例,以反映国内外丘陵地区小城镇的发展现状,为后文的论述做铺垫。
第三部分主要分析了湘北丘陵地区的生态特性和该地区小城镇发展的优势及劣势,并提出了湘北丘陵地区小城镇规划建设中存在的若干问题。
第四部分是文章的重点部分,较为详尽地论述了湘北丘陵地区小城镇的形态演进过程、空间要素特征及影响空间形态的技术因素,并对该地区举例分析。
第五部分是本文的主要成果部分,探究了丘陵地区小城镇的适宜建设形态。
综上所述,本文以湘北丘陵地区小城镇为研究对象,从城镇空间要素特征入手,分析并研究了湘北丘陵地区小城镇的形态特征,探讨了如何利用地形更好地创造丘陵地区小城镇的地域个性,旨在为小城镇的空间形态设计提供有价值的理论支持。
Near the end of the 20th century, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council made some regulations about the development of small towns in a healthy way, advocating it a significant strategy to provide impetus to the economy development in the countryside. It is the common understanding of governments at all levels to speed up the development and construction of small towns.
Small towns are geographically widely spread in China. Due to the variation in historic and cultural environment, they came into being with municipal cultural features that vary by geographic location. Conditioned by external objective factors, traditional villages have turned into a living environment that orchestrates natural environment, social structure and living of villagers, which symbolizes the construction ideas of integration with territorial conditions and symbiosis with the nature. Combined with topography, optimal land utilization, consideration of climatic conditions, energy conservation, emphasis on environmental ecology and landscaping, superb construction techniques, local construction materials, and a localized way of building, they formed into natural and artless architectural styles, exemplifying the harmony between human and nature. It is the dominant idea to take actions that suit local circumstances and comply with the nature when building spatial forms for traditional towns.
However, along with the increase of both speed and scale of construction, the construction in small towns tends to result into identical appearances seen in big cities and demonstrate lack of features of town. It is therefore urgent to provide some reference information about the spatial design of small towns as a guide.
Based on the precursory related research findings, this article brings up the topic“the spatial forms of small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan”. With a thorough understanding of architecture, urban planning, geography and economics, the author pointedly explores this selected topic with the hope of contributing and offering ideas to the construction of small towns in the hilly area of Northern Hunan and even China.
This article consists of five chapters. The structure and main content are as follows:
Chapter 1 is the introduction. It gives the background of this selected topic, the value and goal of the research, related definitions, summary of related resources and documents, research approach and overall structure.
Chapter 2 sets up the context for the analysis and exposition in latter chapters of this article by providing five cases on small town construction which reflect the state of the construction of towns in hilly areas both in and out of China.
Chapter 3 mainly focuses the analysis of the ecological characteristics in the hilly areas in Northern Hunan and the advantages and disadvantages of the development of small towns. Some issues existent in the construction and planning of small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan are also raised here.
Chapter 4 is the key part of this article. It elaborates the evolution of the spatial forms, spatial element characteristics and technical factors impacting spatial forms of the small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan. Examples of local town constructions are shown along with analysis.
Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of this research. It explores construction forms suitable for small towns in hilly areas.
In summary, this article targets the small towns in hilly areas of Northern Hunan for research purpose, starts with the spatial elements and characteristics of towns, and presents analysis and research of the characteristics and forms of small towns in hilly areas of Northern Hunan. It probes ways to take advantage of topography to exemplify the territory individuality of small towns in hilly areas for the purpose of providing valuable theoretic support to small town spatial form design.
我国小城镇分布地域广阔,历史文化环境不同,形成了各具地域文化特色的小城镇。由于受到外界客观因素的制约,传统村镇形成了协调自然环境、社会结构与乡民生活的居住环境,体现出结合地方条件与自然共生的建造思想。它们结合地形、节约用地、考虑气候条件、节约能源、注重环境生态及景观塑造,运用高超技艺、当地材料及地方化的建造方式,形成自然朴实的建筑风格,体现了人与自然的和谐景象。可以说,因地制宜、顺应自然是传统村镇空间营造的一个主导思想。
但随着近年来小城镇建设规模的扩大和速度的加快,小城镇建设中也逐渐呈现出大城市中出现的城镇面貌雷同、失去城镇特色的趋势。因此,急需对小城镇空间设计尽可能提供一些参考资料,以便能加以引导。
本文在前人相关研究成果的基础上,提出了“湘北丘陵地区小城镇空间形态研究”这一论题,融汇贯通了建筑学、城市规划、地理学和经济学的相关知识,有针对性地对这一选题进行了探讨,希望能对湘北丘陵地区小城镇建设乃至中国小城镇建设尽一点绵薄之力。
本文共分为五个部分,其结构和主要内容如下:
第一部分是绪论,主要阐述了论文选题的主要背景、研究意义、研究目的、相关概念界定、相关文献综述、研究方法和基本框架。
第二部通过介绍五个小城镇设计案例,以反映国内外丘陵地区小城镇的发展现状,为后文的论述做铺垫。
第三部分主要分析了湘北丘陵地区的生态特性和该地区小城镇发展的优势及劣势,并提出了湘北丘陵地区小城镇规划建设中存在的若干问题。
第四部分是文章的重点部分,较为详尽地论述了湘北丘陵地区小城镇的形态演进过程、空间要素特征及影响空间形态的技术因素,并对该地区举例分析。
第五部分是本文的主要成果部分,探究了丘陵地区小城镇的适宜建设形态。
综上所述,本文以湘北丘陵地区小城镇为研究对象,从城镇空间要素特征入手,分析并研究了湘北丘陵地区小城镇的形态特征,探讨了如何利用地形更好地创造丘陵地区小城镇的地域个性,旨在为小城镇的空间形态设计提供有价值的理论支持。
Near the end of the 20th century, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council made some regulations about the development of small towns in a healthy way, advocating it a significant strategy to provide impetus to the economy development in the countryside. It is the common understanding of governments at all levels to speed up the development and construction of small towns.
Small towns are geographically widely spread in China. Due to the variation in historic and cultural environment, they came into being with municipal cultural features that vary by geographic location. Conditioned by external objective factors, traditional villages have turned into a living environment that orchestrates natural environment, social structure and living of villagers, which symbolizes the construction ideas of integration with territorial conditions and symbiosis with the nature. Combined with topography, optimal land utilization, consideration of climatic conditions, energy conservation, emphasis on environmental ecology and landscaping, superb construction techniques, local construction materials, and a localized way of building, they formed into natural and artless architectural styles, exemplifying the harmony between human and nature. It is the dominant idea to take actions that suit local circumstances and comply with the nature when building spatial forms for traditional towns.
However, along with the increase of both speed and scale of construction, the construction in small towns tends to result into identical appearances seen in big cities and demonstrate lack of features of town. It is therefore urgent to provide some reference information about the spatial design of small towns as a guide.
Based on the precursory related research findings, this article brings up the topic“the spatial forms of small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan”. With a thorough understanding of architecture, urban planning, geography and economics, the author pointedly explores this selected topic with the hope of contributing and offering ideas to the construction of small towns in the hilly area of Northern Hunan and even China.
This article consists of five chapters. The structure and main content are as follows:
Chapter 1 is the introduction. It gives the background of this selected topic, the value and goal of the research, related definitions, summary of related resources and documents, research approach and overall structure.
Chapter 2 sets up the context for the analysis and exposition in latter chapters of this article by providing five cases on small town construction which reflect the state of the construction of towns in hilly areas both in and out of China.
Chapter 3 mainly focuses the analysis of the ecological characteristics in the hilly areas in Northern Hunan and the advantages and disadvantages of the development of small towns. Some issues existent in the construction and planning of small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan are also raised here.
Chapter 4 is the key part of this article. It elaborates the evolution of the spatial forms, spatial element characteristics and technical factors impacting spatial forms of the small towns in the hilly areas of Northern Hunan. Examples of local town constructions are shown along with analysis.
Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of this research. It explores construction forms suitable for small towns in hilly areas.
In summary, this article targets the small towns in hilly areas of Northern Hunan for research purpose, starts with the spatial elements and characteristics of towns, and presents analysis and research of the characteristics and forms of small towns in hilly areas of Northern Hunan. It probes ways to take advantage of topography to exemplify the territory individuality of small towns in hilly areas for the purpose of providing valuable theoretic support to small town spatial form design.
引文
[1]袁中金,王勇.小城镇发展规划.南京:东南大学出版社,2001,5-6,
[2]新华网.时政要闻.http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-10/18/content_ 3640318_1.htm,2005-10-18
[3]傅礼铭.“山水城市”研究.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2004,2,51-55,137-161
[4]百度网.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/14834.htm,2009-03-07
[5]百度网.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/26041.htm,2009-01-02
[6]王士兰,游宏滔.小城镇城市设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,22-29, 73-75,207-210
[7]段汉明.城市设计概论.北京:科学出版社,2006,124
[8]黄葵.浅析城镇文化的双重性.乐山师范学院学报,2006,21(10):102-103
[9]彭劼.山体对南方丘陵地区城市空间形态的影响及应用:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学建筑学院,2005,4:4-5,72
[10]王建国.城市设计.第2版.南京:东南大学出版社,2004,001,059-061,096-106
[11]中国大百科全书总编辑委员会《建筑园林城市规划》编辑委员会.中国大百科全书:建筑园林城市规划.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1998,72,158-162
[12]杨霞.四川丘陵地区小城镇发展研究:[西华师范大学硕士学位论文].南充:西华师范大学区域经济研究所,2005,6:3,30-38
[13]吕梁.湖南湘西永顺王村——国家历史文化名城研究中心历史街调研.城市规划,2005,29(12):I0005-I0006
[14]杨筱平,熊玉桦.王村古镇聚落环境分析.华中建筑,1990,1:42-43
[15]张晓冬.西递古村落结构研究.小城镇建设,2003,10:66-67
[16]彭松.西递古村落空间构成模式研究.规划师,2004,20(3):85-87
[17]李俊.“桃花源里人家”话消防.安徽消防,2000,10:41
[18]李翅.整体意象·地域特色·生态环境——南宁民族大道凤岭段城市设计.城市规划,2001,25(7):75-77
[19]何洁.丘陵地貌保护与城镇形态浅议.见:全国第八次建筑与文化学术研讨会,2004, 95-97
[20]江平尚史,沙永杰.日本多摩新城第15住区的实验.时代建筑, 2001, 2:60-63
[21] Edmund N.Bacon.Design of Cities.America:Viking Penguin, Penguin Putnam, 1976,260-352
[22]顾建中,向国红,史小玲,彭友林.湘北地区野生观赏灌木资源的种类·分布及利用研究.安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10426
[23]湖南省志编纂委员会.湖南省志第二卷(地理志.下册).长沙:湖南人民出版社,1986:438-814
[24]李鑫,郑贱成.基于人居环境湘北地区水文条件的评价.经济研究导刊,2008, 14:181
[25]龙灏,罗丽娟,李和平.川东地区山地型小城镇风貌设计探索——以龙沙镇小城镇风貌设计为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:13-17
[26]田洪刚.农村城市化进程中小城镇建设问题探讨.重庆工学院学报,2007, 21(12):28
[27]赵丽梅.浅谈山地小城镇规划.小城镇建设,2002,9:40-41
[28]单德启.小城镇公共建筑与住区设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,1-14, 32-46
[29]庄林德,张京祥.中国城市发展与建设史.南京:东南大学出版社,2002,168
[30]何洁.南方丘陵地区城镇建筑空间形态特征研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学建筑学院,2006,4:19-22
[31]张驭寰.中国城池史.天津:百花文艺出版社,2002,416
[32]叶堂林.小城镇建设的规划与管理.北京:新华出版社,2004,115,372
[33] J.C.Moughtin.Green Dimensions.England:Butterworth-Heinemann,1996,12-243
[34]卢济威,王海松.山地建筑设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,10
[35]徐坚.山地城镇生态适应性城市设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,54-60, 106-118,140-148
[36]周智伟.设计结合自然——对创造丘陵城镇建筑及环境特色的思考.四川建筑, 2002,22(1):28-29
[37]《建筑设计资料集》编委会.建筑设计资料集6.第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,223,228
[38] [意]阿尔多·罗西.城市建筑学.黄士均译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006:109
[39] [卢]罗伯·克里尔.城镇空间——传统城市主义的当代诠释.金秋野,王又佳译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:10,13
[40]朱建达.小城镇住宅区规划与居住环境设计.南京:东南大学出版社,2001,4-14
[41]骆中钊,纪江海,王广和.小城镇建筑设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,97-101
[42] [英]F.吉伯德等.市镇设计.程里尧译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983:200
[43] Jan Gehl.Life Between Buildings-Using Public Space.4.Danish:The Danish Architectural Press,2001,28-71
[44] [美]凯文·林奇.城市意象.方益萍,何晓军译.北京:华夏出版社,2001:35
[45]赵之枫,张建,骆中钊.小城镇街道和广场设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,33-140
[46] Allan B.Jacobs.Great Streets.America:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1993,1-5
[47] Michael Southworth,Eran Ben-Joseph.Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities.England:Island Press,2003,8-24
[48] J.C.Moughtin.Street and Square.2nd Edition. England: Butterworth -Heinemann, 1999,63-121
[49] Peter Walker,Melanie Simo.Invisible Gardens:The Search for Modernism in the American Landscape.America:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1994,1-6
[50]邓春凤.过境交通与小城镇空间形态演变的关系探讨——以安徽省岳西县温泉镇为例.小城镇建设,2004,19(3):71-72
[51]邓春凤,刘声伟.浅议欠发达地区小城镇过境交通规划.广西城镇建设,2007, 9:99
[52]徐华伟,胡纹,林仲煜.自然要素融入城镇公共空间——重庆鱼嘴新镇城市设计探索.重庆建筑,2005,5:58-59
[53]荆其敏,张丽安.城市绿化空间赏析.北京:科学出版社,2001,26-30
[54]李敏.城市绿地系统规划.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,157-166
[55] Loring LaB.Schwarz,Charles A.Flink,Robert M.Searns.A Guide to Planning, Design,and Development.America:Island Press,1993,150-322
[56]高文杰,邢天河,王海乾.新世纪小城镇发展与规划.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004,315
[57] Steven Tiesdell,Taner Oc,Tim Heath.Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters. England: Butterworth-Heinemann,1996,142-229
[58]汪德华.中国山水文化与城市规划.南京:东南大学出版社,2002,29-30
[59]徐思淑,周文华.城市设计导论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991,176-177
[60]李勇.自然环境与湘西小城镇景观.新建筑,1987,2:15-16
[61]沈斌.小城镇山洪灾害的防治对策探析——以云南省为例.小城镇建设,2007, 8:52-54
[62]唐川,朱静.基于GIS的山洪灾害风险区划.地理学报,2005,1:87
[63]肖元寿,朱汉平.山区丘陵地质灾害危害与对策.铝加工,2004,5:26-27
[64]王志荣,周自强,白晓华.小城镇建设中的地质灾害问题研究.甘肃科学学报, 2004,16(3):124-125
[65]王念秦,姚勇,周自强.甘肃省农村小城镇地质灾害特征及形成条件.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,19(3):107
[66]徐玉莲.丘陵地形城镇竖向工程规划的思考.福建建筑高等专科学校学报, 2001,3(3):23-26
[67]汤铭潭.小城镇基础设施工程规划(下册).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007, 823-827
[68]何林福,李翠娥.中国传统风水学说的经典体现——湖南岳阳张谷英大屋研究之一.岳阳职业技术学院学报,2004,19(3):46
[69]周晟.张谷英历史街区保护规划思考.规划师,2003,19(5):31-34
[70]何林福,李翠娥.中国湘楚明清民居之“活化石”——湖南岳阳张谷英大屋研究之二.岳阳职业技术学院学报,2005,20(1):28-29
[71]黄禹康.古风古韵的张谷英村.上海房地,2006,7:60
[72]黄禹康.千户大屋藏古韵——寻访苗族千户大屋张谷英古村寨.今日民族,2007, 6:45-47
[73]郑元龙.从估价角度看张氏大屋.湖南房地产,2003,3:22-23
[74]张岳望.风水·环境意象·生态——论古村张谷英传统建筑文化的发掘与开发.小城镇建设,2003,12:47-48
[75]“中国石门”政府网站.城市规划专题. http://www.shimen.gov.cn/cjzt.asp?id= 328&cid=328, 2007-07-31
[76]曾海燕.山地小城镇规划与建设浅析.建筑与环境,2007,1(2):60
[77]向剑凛,赵敏.中国传统地理学思想在现代城市规划中的应用——以贵州安龙西城区规划为例.小城镇建设,2008,9:20-21
[78]马世祥.因地制宜构建生态宜居的小城镇——以绿春县县城大兴镇为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:97
[79] Rafael Cuesta,Christine Sarris,Paola Signoretta.Urban Design:Method and Technique.2nd Edition.England:Elsevier Ltd,2003,60-138
[80] David Rudlin,Nicholas Falk.Building the 21st Century Home. England: Butterworth-Heinemann,1999,103-195
[81]赵万民,倪剑.西南小城镇风貌规划的有机性思维——以重庆市黄水镇风貌规划为例.小城镇建设,2008,10:14
[82]董珂,卞海涛.小城镇空间整合与环境设计初探——以常熟市海虞桥地块城市设计为例.小城镇建设,2008,10:8
[83]张强,田大宏,谢宏坤.对山区小城镇规划与建设的思考——以湖南省龙山县小城镇规划与建设为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:61
[2]新华网.时政要闻.http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-10/18/content_ 3640318_1.htm,2005-10-18
[3]傅礼铭.“山水城市”研究.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2004,2,51-55,137-161
[4]百度网.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/14834.htm,2009-03-07
[5]百度网.百度百科.http://baike.baidu.com/view/26041.htm,2009-01-02
[6]王士兰,游宏滔.小城镇城市设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,22-29, 73-75,207-210
[7]段汉明.城市设计概论.北京:科学出版社,2006,124
[8]黄葵.浅析城镇文化的双重性.乐山师范学院学报,2006,21(10):102-103
[9]彭劼.山体对南方丘陵地区城市空间形态的影响及应用:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学建筑学院,2005,4:4-5,72
[10]王建国.城市设计.第2版.南京:东南大学出版社,2004,001,059-061,096-106
[11]中国大百科全书总编辑委员会《建筑园林城市规划》编辑委员会.中国大百科全书:建筑园林城市规划.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1998,72,158-162
[12]杨霞.四川丘陵地区小城镇发展研究:[西华师范大学硕士学位论文].南充:西华师范大学区域经济研究所,2005,6:3,30-38
[13]吕梁.湖南湘西永顺王村——国家历史文化名城研究中心历史街调研.城市规划,2005,29(12):I0005-I0006
[14]杨筱平,熊玉桦.王村古镇聚落环境分析.华中建筑,1990,1:42-43
[15]张晓冬.西递古村落结构研究.小城镇建设,2003,10:66-67
[16]彭松.西递古村落空间构成模式研究.规划师,2004,20(3):85-87
[17]李俊.“桃花源里人家”话消防.安徽消防,2000,10:41
[18]李翅.整体意象·地域特色·生态环境——南宁民族大道凤岭段城市设计.城市规划,2001,25(7):75-77
[19]何洁.丘陵地貌保护与城镇形态浅议.见:全国第八次建筑与文化学术研讨会,2004, 95-97
[20]江平尚史,沙永杰.日本多摩新城第15住区的实验.时代建筑, 2001, 2:60-63
[21] Edmund N.Bacon.Design of Cities.America:Viking Penguin, Penguin Putnam, 1976,260-352
[22]顾建中,向国红,史小玲,彭友林.湘北地区野生观赏灌木资源的种类·分布及利用研究.安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10426
[23]湖南省志编纂委员会.湖南省志第二卷(地理志.下册).长沙:湖南人民出版社,1986:438-814
[24]李鑫,郑贱成.基于人居环境湘北地区水文条件的评价.经济研究导刊,2008, 14:181
[25]龙灏,罗丽娟,李和平.川东地区山地型小城镇风貌设计探索——以龙沙镇小城镇风貌设计为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:13-17
[26]田洪刚.农村城市化进程中小城镇建设问题探讨.重庆工学院学报,2007, 21(12):28
[27]赵丽梅.浅谈山地小城镇规划.小城镇建设,2002,9:40-41
[28]单德启.小城镇公共建筑与住区设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,1-14, 32-46
[29]庄林德,张京祥.中国城市发展与建设史.南京:东南大学出版社,2002,168
[30]何洁.南方丘陵地区城镇建筑空间形态特征研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学建筑学院,2006,4:19-22
[31]张驭寰.中国城池史.天津:百花文艺出版社,2002,416
[32]叶堂林.小城镇建设的规划与管理.北京:新华出版社,2004,115,372
[33] J.C.Moughtin.Green Dimensions.England:Butterworth-Heinemann,1996,12-243
[34]卢济威,王海松.山地建筑设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,10
[35]徐坚.山地城镇生态适应性城市设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,54-60, 106-118,140-148
[36]周智伟.设计结合自然——对创造丘陵城镇建筑及环境特色的思考.四川建筑, 2002,22(1):28-29
[37]《建筑设计资料集》编委会.建筑设计资料集6.第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,223,228
[38] [意]阿尔多·罗西.城市建筑学.黄士均译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006:109
[39] [卢]罗伯·克里尔.城镇空间——传统城市主义的当代诠释.金秋野,王又佳译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:10,13
[40]朱建达.小城镇住宅区规划与居住环境设计.南京:东南大学出版社,2001,4-14
[41]骆中钊,纪江海,王广和.小城镇建筑设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,97-101
[42] [英]F.吉伯德等.市镇设计.程里尧译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983:200
[43] Jan Gehl.Life Between Buildings-Using Public Space.4.Danish:The Danish Architectural Press,2001,28-71
[44] [美]凯文·林奇.城市意象.方益萍,何晓军译.北京:华夏出版社,2001:35
[45]赵之枫,张建,骆中钊.小城镇街道和广场设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,33-140
[46] Allan B.Jacobs.Great Streets.America:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1993,1-5
[47] Michael Southworth,Eran Ben-Joseph.Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities.England:Island Press,2003,8-24
[48] J.C.Moughtin.Street and Square.2nd Edition. England: Butterworth -Heinemann, 1999,63-121
[49] Peter Walker,Melanie Simo.Invisible Gardens:The Search for Modernism in the American Landscape.America:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1994,1-6
[50]邓春凤.过境交通与小城镇空间形态演变的关系探讨——以安徽省岳西县温泉镇为例.小城镇建设,2004,19(3):71-72
[51]邓春凤,刘声伟.浅议欠发达地区小城镇过境交通规划.广西城镇建设,2007, 9:99
[52]徐华伟,胡纹,林仲煜.自然要素融入城镇公共空间——重庆鱼嘴新镇城市设计探索.重庆建筑,2005,5:58-59
[53]荆其敏,张丽安.城市绿化空间赏析.北京:科学出版社,2001,26-30
[54]李敏.城市绿地系统规划.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008,157-166
[55] Loring LaB.Schwarz,Charles A.Flink,Robert M.Searns.A Guide to Planning, Design,and Development.America:Island Press,1993,150-322
[56]高文杰,邢天河,王海乾.新世纪小城镇发展与规划.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2004,315
[57] Steven Tiesdell,Taner Oc,Tim Heath.Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters. England: Butterworth-Heinemann,1996,142-229
[58]汪德华.中国山水文化与城市规划.南京:东南大学出版社,2002,29-30
[59]徐思淑,周文华.城市设计导论.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991,176-177
[60]李勇.自然环境与湘西小城镇景观.新建筑,1987,2:15-16
[61]沈斌.小城镇山洪灾害的防治对策探析——以云南省为例.小城镇建设,2007, 8:52-54
[62]唐川,朱静.基于GIS的山洪灾害风险区划.地理学报,2005,1:87
[63]肖元寿,朱汉平.山区丘陵地质灾害危害与对策.铝加工,2004,5:26-27
[64]王志荣,周自强,白晓华.小城镇建设中的地质灾害问题研究.甘肃科学学报, 2004,16(3):124-125
[65]王念秦,姚勇,周自强.甘肃省农村小城镇地质灾害特征及形成条件.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,19(3):107
[66]徐玉莲.丘陵地形城镇竖向工程规划的思考.福建建筑高等专科学校学报, 2001,3(3):23-26
[67]汤铭潭.小城镇基础设施工程规划(下册).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007, 823-827
[68]何林福,李翠娥.中国传统风水学说的经典体现——湖南岳阳张谷英大屋研究之一.岳阳职业技术学院学报,2004,19(3):46
[69]周晟.张谷英历史街区保护规划思考.规划师,2003,19(5):31-34
[70]何林福,李翠娥.中国湘楚明清民居之“活化石”——湖南岳阳张谷英大屋研究之二.岳阳职业技术学院学报,2005,20(1):28-29
[71]黄禹康.古风古韵的张谷英村.上海房地,2006,7:60
[72]黄禹康.千户大屋藏古韵——寻访苗族千户大屋张谷英古村寨.今日民族,2007, 6:45-47
[73]郑元龙.从估价角度看张氏大屋.湖南房地产,2003,3:22-23
[74]张岳望.风水·环境意象·生态——论古村张谷英传统建筑文化的发掘与开发.小城镇建设,2003,12:47-48
[75]“中国石门”政府网站.城市规划专题. http://www.shimen.gov.cn/cjzt.asp?id= 328&cid=328, 2007-07-31
[76]曾海燕.山地小城镇规划与建设浅析.建筑与环境,2007,1(2):60
[77]向剑凛,赵敏.中国传统地理学思想在现代城市规划中的应用——以贵州安龙西城区规划为例.小城镇建设,2008,9:20-21
[78]马世祥.因地制宜构建生态宜居的小城镇——以绿春县县城大兴镇为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:97
[79] Rafael Cuesta,Christine Sarris,Paola Signoretta.Urban Design:Method and Technique.2nd Edition.England:Elsevier Ltd,2003,60-138
[80] David Rudlin,Nicholas Falk.Building the 21st Century Home. England: Butterworth-Heinemann,1999,103-195
[81]赵万民,倪剑.西南小城镇风貌规划的有机性思维——以重庆市黄水镇风貌规划为例.小城镇建设,2008,10:14
[82]董珂,卞海涛.小城镇空间整合与环境设计初探——以常熟市海虞桥地块城市设计为例.小城镇建设,2008,10:8
[83]张强,田大宏,谢宏坤.对山区小城镇规划与建设的思考——以湖南省龙山县小城镇规划与建设为例.小城镇建设,2008,8:61