高产大白猪品系的育种研究
摘要
目前,上海市已把种源农业作为农业结构战略性调整的一个主要发展方向,进行重点建设。在此背景之下,作为上海市猪的核心育种基地之一,上海市种猪场于2000年底从法国引进了一批大白种猪。这批猪经过驯化饲养,发现不仅生长发育良好,而且繁殖性能尤为突出,所存在的缺点只是体型外貌以及生产性能变异较大。为此,我们以此群体作为育种素材,以高产作为最重要的育种目标,兼顾生长速度、瘦肉率及体型外貌,运用BLUP等遗传评估技术和标记辅助育种技术开展旨在育成大白猪专门化品系的育种工作。具体研究内容及其主要结果如下:
(1)场内育种体系建设:我们首先根据《种猪登记技术规范》、《瘦肉型种猪遗传评估技术规范》等全国性种猪育种方案,尤其结合国内实践中出现的问题以及上海市种猪场的实际情况,构建了场内育种体系,并在此基础上对基础群的个体开展了性能测定,进而进行了育种值的估计、在此基础上进行选育。
(2)标记辅助育种研究:为了增加选育的准确性,根据选育目标,结合国内早期卖种的现实情况,我们主要选用ESR基因作为候选基因,开展了标记辅助育种应用的研究,包括基因的多态性分布、对相关性状的影响及其与常规遗传评估结果的相关。结果发现,应用ESR基因进行标记辅助选择与运用BLUP法进行遗传评估,具有很大的一致性,即拥有优势基因型的种猪其估计育种值也往往较高。证明可以运用ESR基因进行辅助选育。同时我们也对影响猪瘦肉率的IGF2基因尝试性的做了多态性检测,但未发现所检测位点的多态性。
通过上述研究,我们已为上海市种猪场的引进大白猪群建立起了一个常规加标记辅助的较完善的育种体系,从而为后续的育种工作奠定了较好的基础。
Recently, the source of agriculture as a strategic adjustment of agricultural structure has been a major development derection. Against this background, Shanghai Swine Breeding Farm (SSBF), one of Shanghai best nuclear pig breeding farms,introduced 80 Yorkshire(Large White)pigs from French at the end of year 2000. After 8 years domestication and selection,we found the pigs of this herd grow well and the reproductive performance is especially outstanding. the only shortcomings of this herd is appearance and performance variation larger. To this end, we used this herd as breeding material, chosed reproductive performance as the most important trait balanced growth rate, lean meat percentage and body appearance, use BLUP assessment techniques and genetic marker-assisted breeding technology and aimed at specialized bred Large White Lines The breeding work. Specific research and its main findings are as follows
1. Construction of on-farm breeding system: After a thorough analyzation of the actual problem of pig industry in China and in Shanghai, an on-farm breeding system according to“Technical Specification for Registration of Breeding Pig”and“Technical Specification for Genetic Evaluation of Lean-type Breeding Pig”was set up. Based on this system, we have calculated the breeding value to their performance in order to select and breed.
2. Study on marker-assisted breeding: In order to increase the accuracy of breeding, according to Breeding goals, with early selling of domestic realities, our main selection as a candidate gene is ESR gene, carry out study on the application of marker-assisted selection, including polymorphism of gene the relevant Characters and their impact on the conventional assessment of the results of the genetic correlation. The results showed that application of marker-assisted ESR gene selection and application of genetic BLUP assessment, and it is very consistent, that is, the genotype has advantages of its swine breeding value estimates are often higher. ESR gene that can be used for assisted breeding. At the same time we have on the impact of the pig lean meat percentage of the IGF2 gene trying to do a polymorphism testing, but did not find that the polymorphism on the chosed sites.
By the research of above studies, we have built a routine and marker-assisted breeding system, consequently, we have established a better basis for future breeding task.
(1)场内育种体系建设:我们首先根据《种猪登记技术规范》、《瘦肉型种猪遗传评估技术规范》等全国性种猪育种方案,尤其结合国内实践中出现的问题以及上海市种猪场的实际情况,构建了场内育种体系,并在此基础上对基础群的个体开展了性能测定,进而进行了育种值的估计、在此基础上进行选育。
(2)标记辅助育种研究:为了增加选育的准确性,根据选育目标,结合国内早期卖种的现实情况,我们主要选用ESR基因作为候选基因,开展了标记辅助育种应用的研究,包括基因的多态性分布、对相关性状的影响及其与常规遗传评估结果的相关。结果发现,应用ESR基因进行标记辅助选择与运用BLUP法进行遗传评估,具有很大的一致性,即拥有优势基因型的种猪其估计育种值也往往较高。证明可以运用ESR基因进行辅助选育。同时我们也对影响猪瘦肉率的IGF2基因尝试性的做了多态性检测,但未发现所检测位点的多态性。
通过上述研究,我们已为上海市种猪场的引进大白猪群建立起了一个常规加标记辅助的较完善的育种体系,从而为后续的育种工作奠定了较好的基础。
Recently, the source of agriculture as a strategic adjustment of agricultural structure has been a major development derection. Against this background, Shanghai Swine Breeding Farm (SSBF), one of Shanghai best nuclear pig breeding farms,introduced 80 Yorkshire(Large White)pigs from French at the end of year 2000. After 8 years domestication and selection,we found the pigs of this herd grow well and the reproductive performance is especially outstanding. the only shortcomings of this herd is appearance and performance variation larger. To this end, we used this herd as breeding material, chosed reproductive performance as the most important trait balanced growth rate, lean meat percentage and body appearance, use BLUP assessment techniques and genetic marker-assisted breeding technology and aimed at specialized bred Large White Lines The breeding work. Specific research and its main findings are as follows
1. Construction of on-farm breeding system: After a thorough analyzation of the actual problem of pig industry in China and in Shanghai, an on-farm breeding system according to“Technical Specification for Registration of Breeding Pig”and“Technical Specification for Genetic Evaluation of Lean-type Breeding Pig”was set up. Based on this system, we have calculated the breeding value to their performance in order to select and breed.
2. Study on marker-assisted breeding: In order to increase the accuracy of breeding, according to Breeding goals, with early selling of domestic realities, our main selection as a candidate gene is ESR gene, carry out study on the application of marker-assisted selection, including polymorphism of gene the relevant Characters and their impact on the conventional assessment of the results of the genetic correlation. The results showed that application of marker-assisted ESR gene selection and application of genetic BLUP assessment, and it is very consistent, that is, the genotype has advantages of its swine breeding value estimates are often higher. ESR gene that can be used for assisted breeding. At the same time we have on the impact of the pig lean meat percentage of the IGF2 gene trying to do a polymorphism testing, but did not find that the polymorphism on the chosed sites.
By the research of above studies, we have built a routine and marker-assisted breeding system, consequently, we have established a better basis for future breeding task.
引文
[1] 陈瑶生, 中国的猪育种研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2005,05:1-11
[2] 郭万库, 师守堃， 鲁绍雄. 我国猪育种结构及其发展的探讨[J]中国畜牧杂志, 2000, 36(5): 49-51.
[3] 熊玲, 上海种源农业迅速崛起[J ]. 中国国情国力,2005, 07:31-33
[4] John A. M. Use of phenotypic and molecular data for genetic evaluation of 1ivestock[J]. http://agbio. cabweb. org/.2005.
[5] 王爱国,国外猪业可持续发展模式对我国养猪业的借鉴意义 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006,18:4-8
[6] 杨光希等,,加拿大猪种改良与最新生产性能[J],养猪,1998,( 4):30- 31
[7] 王余平,丹麦养猪育种新动态[J] ,养猪, Swine Production, 2006,( 02):12-14
[8] 潘玉春等,浅议种猪遗传评估中的几个问题[J], 猪业科学, 2006,( 12) :55-55
[9] 张玩,家畜育种规划,中国农业大学出版社,2000, 96-179.
[10] 熊远著,种猪的测定与遗传评估,养殖与饲料[J],2005,(10):9-10
[11] 王世清等,BLUP法种猪遗传评定在加拿大[J], 金华职业技术学院学报, 2001,(02):35-37
[12] 彭中镇.猪的遗传改良M. 北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[13] 鲁绍雄.猪的主要数量性状主基因研究进展[J],黑龙江畜牧兽医,2000,(8):27-28
[14] Dekkers, J. C. M,et al.Optimum linear selection indexes for multiple generation objectives with non-linear profit functions. Animal Sciene 1995,65,165-175
[15]Ruane, J. et al. Marker assisted selection for genetic improvement of animal populations when a single QTL is marked. Genetical Rosearch 1995,66, 71 一 83.
[16] Muir,W.M.et al .Relative advantage of combining genes with major effects in breeding programs:Simulation results. Proc. 6th World Congress on Genetics applied to Livestock roduction.1998,Vol.26:403-410
[17] 黎裕,贾继增,王天宇.分子标记的种类及其发展[J]生物技术通报,1999 (4): 19-22
[18] 张向喆， 猪 ESR 和 FSHβ 位点基因对猪产仔性状的影响研究, 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2001:
[19] 张艳,张树义.微卫星方法简介[J]动物学杂志,1999 34(2): 42-45
[20] 许云华,沈洁.DNA 分子标记技术及其原理.连云港师范高等专科学校学报,2003 , (3):78-82
[21] 高玉时等.19 个地方鸡种遗传变异的微卫星和 AFLP 指纹分析.西北农林科技大学,2005 33(12): 7-12
[22] 王延云等,.SNP 研究技术在畜牧业中的应用.畜禽业,2005 (5): 16-17
[23] 薛燕等,PCR-SSCP 技术在动物育种中的研究进展[J]畜牧兽医杂志,2005,24(3): 21-24
[24] 张淑君,猪八号染色体产仔数微卫星标记的探讨[J]养猪,2001b,(2): 31-33
[25] 陈克飞,黄路生,高军.猪雌激素受体 ESR 基因的研究现状和应用前景.Animal Biology bulletin,1998, 6(1):40-44
[26] 吴常信,李宁.分子生物技术在中国动物育种中的应用.中国家禽 2002,24(13): 6-9
[27] Rothschild M F, Larson R G, Jacobson C et al. PvuII polymorphisms at the porcine oestrogen receptor locus (ESR) [J]. Anim Gent, 1991, 22(5):448-454
[28] Short T H, Rothschlid M F, Southwood O I, et al. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines[J]Animal Science, 199775:3138-3142
[29] 陈克飞.猪雌激素受体(ESR)一卵泡刺激素(FSHβ)单倍体型对产仔数性状的影响的研究,〔硕士学位论文〕.江西南昌,江西农业大学,1999
[30] 张淑君,曾凡同,邱祥聘等.母猪的两个基因位点的多态性及其产仔数连锁关系研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001, 19(1):73-76.
[31] 李明洲,张凯,李学伟等.中国地方猪种 ESR 基因 Pvu II 多态性及其与产仔数关系的研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2003, 21(3) , 258-262.
[32] Nezer C,Moreaul An imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass and fat deposition maps to the IGF II locus in pigs[J].Nature genetics,1999,21: 155 一 156
[33] Andersson L. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs. Science 1994,263:1771-1774.
[34] Andersson ,Klund L ,Marklund,et al. Mapping quantitive trait loci for carcass and meat quality in a wild boar and large white intercross[J ] lAnim
[35] de Koning D. Genome2wide scan for body composition in pigs reveals important role of imprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,2000,97 (14):7947-7950
[36] Yun J S,Seo D S,Kim W K, et al .Expression and relationship of the insulin-like growth factor system with post thatch growth in the Korean Native Ogol chicken[J] .Poult Sci,2005,84(1):83-90.
[37] Owens P C,Gatford K L,Walton P E,et al .The relationship etween endogenous insulin-like growth factors and growth of pigs[J].Anim Sci, 1999, 77(8):2098-2103.
[38] Lamberson W R, Sterle J A, Matteri R L. Relationships of serum insulin-like growth factor- II concentrations to growth, compositional, and reproductive traits of swine. J Anim Sci, 1996, 74:1753-1756.
[39] Jeon J T,Carlbory O,Tornston A,et al. A paterally expressed QTL affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle mass in pigs maps to the IGF2 locus[J]. Nature Genetics,1999,21(2):157-158.
[40] Knoll A, Putnova L, Dvorak J, Cepica S. A Nci I PCR-RFLP within intron 2 of the porcine insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) gene. Animal enetics, 2000, 31: 150-151
[41] 刘桂兰,蒋思文,熊远著,屈彦纯.IGF2 的遗传学特征与生物学作用[J]遗传,2002a, 24 (2):211-213
[42] 常怀普等,五指山猪 IGF2 基因 5'调控区单核苷酸多态性分析[J],遗传,2007, 29(1): 57―6
[43] 孟庆利,刘铁铮. 猪雌激素受体基因 Pvu II 酶切片段多态性与产仔性能的关系[J]. 江苏农业学报,2005,21(1): 49-52
[44] 赵中权,帅素容,李平等. 藏猪雌激素受体(ESR)基因 Pvu II 多态性分析[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(5):38-39
[45] 兰旅涛,周利华,李琳等. 3 个外来种猪群 ESR 基因位点多态性及其与繁殖性能相关性分析[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2006,28(1):115-118
[2] 郭万库, 师守堃， 鲁绍雄. 我国猪育种结构及其发展的探讨[J]中国畜牧杂志, 2000, 36(5): 49-51.
[3] 熊玲, 上海种源农业迅速崛起[J ]. 中国国情国力,2005, 07:31-33
[4] John A. M. Use of phenotypic and molecular data for genetic evaluation of 1ivestock[J]. http://agbio. cabweb. org/.2005.
[5] 王爱国,国外猪业可持续发展模式对我国养猪业的借鉴意义 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2006,18:4-8
[6] 杨光希等,,加拿大猪种改良与最新生产性能[J],养猪,1998,( 4):30- 31
[7] 王余平,丹麦养猪育种新动态[J] ,养猪, Swine Production, 2006,( 02):12-14
[8] 潘玉春等,浅议种猪遗传评估中的几个问题[J], 猪业科学, 2006,( 12) :55-55
[9] 张玩,家畜育种规划,中国农业大学出版社,2000, 96-179.
[10] 熊远著,种猪的测定与遗传评估,养殖与饲料[J],2005,(10):9-10
[11] 王世清等,BLUP法种猪遗传评定在加拿大[J], 金华职业技术学院学报, 2001,(02):35-37
[12] 彭中镇.猪的遗传改良M. 北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[13] 鲁绍雄.猪的主要数量性状主基因研究进展[J],黑龙江畜牧兽医,2000,(8):27-28
[14] Dekkers, J. C. M,et al.Optimum linear selection indexes for multiple generation objectives with non-linear profit functions. Animal Sciene 1995,65,165-175
[15]Ruane, J. et al. Marker assisted selection for genetic improvement of animal populations when a single QTL is marked. Genetical Rosearch 1995,66, 71 一 83.
[16] Muir,W.M.et al .Relative advantage of combining genes with major effects in breeding programs:Simulation results. Proc. 6th World Congress on Genetics applied to Livestock roduction.1998,Vol.26:403-410
[17] 黎裕,贾继增,王天宇.分子标记的种类及其发展[J]生物技术通报,1999 (4): 19-22
[18] 张向喆， 猪 ESR 和 FSHβ 位点基因对猪产仔性状的影响研究, 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2001:
[19] 张艳,张树义.微卫星方法简介[J]动物学杂志,1999 34(2): 42-45
[20] 许云华,沈洁.DNA 分子标记技术及其原理.连云港师范高等专科学校学报,2003 , (3):78-82
[21] 高玉时等.19 个地方鸡种遗传变异的微卫星和 AFLP 指纹分析.西北农林科技大学,2005 33(12): 7-12
[22] 王延云等,.SNP 研究技术在畜牧业中的应用.畜禽业,2005 (5): 16-17
[23] 薛燕等,PCR-SSCP 技术在动物育种中的研究进展[J]畜牧兽医杂志,2005,24(3): 21-24
[24] 张淑君,猪八号染色体产仔数微卫星标记的探讨[J]养猪,2001b,(2): 31-33
[25] 陈克飞,黄路生,高军.猪雌激素受体 ESR 基因的研究现状和应用前景.Animal Biology bulletin,1998, 6(1):40-44
[26] 吴常信,李宁.分子生物技术在中国动物育种中的应用.中国家禽 2002,24(13): 6-9
[27] Rothschild M F, Larson R G, Jacobson C et al. PvuII polymorphisms at the porcine oestrogen receptor locus (ESR) [J]. Anim Gent, 1991, 22(5):448-454
[28] Short T H, Rothschlid M F, Southwood O I, et al. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines[J]Animal Science, 199775:3138-3142
[29] 陈克飞.猪雌激素受体(ESR)一卵泡刺激素(FSHβ)单倍体型对产仔数性状的影响的研究,〔硕士学位论文〕.江西南昌,江西农业大学,1999
[30] 张淑君,曾凡同,邱祥聘等.母猪的两个基因位点的多态性及其产仔数连锁关系研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001, 19(1):73-76.
[31] 李明洲,张凯,李学伟等.中国地方猪种 ESR 基因 Pvu II 多态性及其与产仔数关系的研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2003, 21(3) , 258-262.
[32] Nezer C,Moreaul An imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass and fat deposition maps to the IGF II locus in pigs[J].Nature genetics,1999,21: 155 一 156
[33] Andersson L. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs. Science 1994,263:1771-1774.
[34] Andersson ,Klund L ,Marklund,et al. Mapping quantitive trait loci for carcass and meat quality in a wild boar and large white intercross[J ] lAnim
[35] de Koning D. Genome2wide scan for body composition in pigs reveals important role of imprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,2000,97 (14):7947-7950
[36] Yun J S,Seo D S,Kim W K, et al .Expression and relationship of the insulin-like growth factor system with post thatch growth in the Korean Native Ogol chicken[J] .Poult Sci,2005,84(1):83-90.
[37] Owens P C,Gatford K L,Walton P E,et al .The relationship etween endogenous insulin-like growth factors and growth of pigs[J].Anim Sci, 1999, 77(8):2098-2103.
[38] Lamberson W R, Sterle J A, Matteri R L. Relationships of serum insulin-like growth factor- II concentrations to growth, compositional, and reproductive traits of swine. J Anim Sci, 1996, 74:1753-1756.
[39] Jeon J T,Carlbory O,Tornston A,et al. A paterally expressed QTL affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle mass in pigs maps to the IGF2 locus[J]. Nature Genetics,1999,21(2):157-158.
[40] Knoll A, Putnova L, Dvorak J, Cepica S. A Nci I PCR-RFLP within intron 2 of the porcine insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) gene. Animal enetics, 2000, 31: 150-151
[41] 刘桂兰,蒋思文,熊远著,屈彦纯.IGF2 的遗传学特征与生物学作用[J]遗传,2002a, 24 (2):211-213
[42] 常怀普等,五指山猪 IGF2 基因 5'调控区单核苷酸多态性分析[J],遗传,2007, 29(1): 57―6
[43] 孟庆利,刘铁铮. 猪雌激素受体基因 Pvu II 酶切片段多态性与产仔性能的关系[J]. 江苏农业学报,2005,21(1): 49-52
[44] 赵中权,帅素容,李平等. 藏猪雌激素受体(ESR)基因 Pvu II 多态性分析[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(5):38-39
[45] 兰旅涛,周利华,李琳等. 3 个外来种猪群 ESR 基因位点多态性及其与繁殖性能相关性分析[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2006,28(1):115-118