城镇廉租房供给问题研究
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摘要
我国于1999年正式设立实施廉租房制度。廉租房制度的建立是为了满足城镇最低收入家庭的住房需求。廉租房制度作为我国住房保障制度的组成部分,其发展受到整个住房保障制度发展路径的制约,存在着主导部门不明确、责任不明确、资金短缺、房源匮乏、覆盖面狭窄等多方面的问题。城镇廉租房供给问题包括以下几个方面:供给主体职责、供给方式选择、保障对象界定等,供给问题的研究对于廉租房制度有着关键性的作用。
本文在对我国廉租房供给的主体、客体、方式及是否形成有效供给四个维度进行分析,再结合先进地区例如新加坡、香港、澳门等的相关保障性住房政策的实施现状进行对比,找出先进地区政策实行中值得我国各城市值得借鉴的经验。在供给主体方面,存在供给主体职责泛化的问题,需要强化主体职责;政府行使廉租住房的公共管理职能,商品房等高利润型房屋建设的利益驱动导致廉租房政策执行不力,应杜绝这种行为的发生。在供给客体方面,缺乏对其准入退出的动态监测,应合理界定准入退出标准。在供给方式的选择上,存在供给结构不合理,应明确供给方式选择策略。在是否形成有效供给方面,供给方式不同比例的选择也应因地制宜,确保货币补贴专项用于廉租住房租住,实物配租选择有优先权的特殊群体,并最大程度地满足有廉租住房需求的人群。因此,主体的职责强化与客体的合理准入是相互关联作用的,供给方式选择与有效供给也是密切相关的,供给问题的这四个方面对廉租房制度的完善有着重要的理论和实践借鉴意义。
On the background of social housing reform, the low-rent housing system of China is formally established and implemented in1999. The establishment of low-rent housing system is to meet the minimum income of urban families’needs of housing. China's low-rent housing system as an integral part of the housing security system, its development has been restricted by the development path of the housing security system, there is no clear lead department, no clear responsibility, funding shortages, lack of availability, coverage, narrow, and many other issues. Urban low-rent housing supply issues, including the following aspects: the responsibilities of the main supply, the supply mode selection, the demarcation of protection objects, the problem of supply for the low-rent housing system has a pivotal role.
In this paper, it analyzes the four dimensionality of the supply of low-rent housing in our country, there are the subject, the object, the method, and the effective supply, then compared to the implementation of the housing policies in some advanced regions such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao, identify the experience that we could learn from them. At the aspect of the main supply, it exists the generalization of the main duty, it needs to strengthen the main duties. Government exercise public administration on the low-rent housing, the weak implementation of low-rent housing policy generated by the interest-driven in High-Profit type house construction, such as commercial house construction and so on, which should be prevented. At the aspect of the supply object, it is lack of the dynamic monitoring on accessing and exiting, it should be reasonable definition. At the aspect of the choice in the supply mode, there is the irrational supply structure, the way of supplying selection strategy should be clear. On the side of whether to form an effective supply, the choice of the different proportion of the supply should be adapted to local conditions, and make sure the monetary subsidies earmarked for low-rent housing flats, special material match the priority of special groups, and to best meet the needs of people have low-cost housing. Therefore, the responsibility to strengthen of the main supply subject and reasonable access of the supply objects is the role of inter-related, supply mode selection and the effective supply is closely related, these four aspects of the Supply System on the low-rent housing has important theoretical and practical reference .
本文在对我国廉租房供给的主体、客体、方式及是否形成有效供给四个维度进行分析,再结合先进地区例如新加坡、香港、澳门等的相关保障性住房政策的实施现状进行对比,找出先进地区政策实行中值得我国各城市值得借鉴的经验。在供给主体方面,存在供给主体职责泛化的问题,需要强化主体职责;政府行使廉租住房的公共管理职能,商品房等高利润型房屋建设的利益驱动导致廉租房政策执行不力,应杜绝这种行为的发生。在供给客体方面,缺乏对其准入退出的动态监测,应合理界定准入退出标准。在供给方式的选择上,存在供给结构不合理,应明确供给方式选择策略。在是否形成有效供给方面,供给方式不同比例的选择也应因地制宜,确保货币补贴专项用于廉租住房租住,实物配租选择有优先权的特殊群体,并最大程度地满足有廉租住房需求的人群。因此,主体的职责强化与客体的合理准入是相互关联作用的,供给方式选择与有效供给也是密切相关的,供给问题的这四个方面对廉租房制度的完善有着重要的理论和实践借鉴意义。
On the background of social housing reform, the low-rent housing system of China is formally established and implemented in1999. The establishment of low-rent housing system is to meet the minimum income of urban families’needs of housing. China's low-rent housing system as an integral part of the housing security system, its development has been restricted by the development path of the housing security system, there is no clear lead department, no clear responsibility, funding shortages, lack of availability, coverage, narrow, and many other issues. Urban low-rent housing supply issues, including the following aspects: the responsibilities of the main supply, the supply mode selection, the demarcation of protection objects, the problem of supply for the low-rent housing system has a pivotal role.
In this paper, it analyzes the four dimensionality of the supply of low-rent housing in our country, there are the subject, the object, the method, and the effective supply, then compared to the implementation of the housing policies in some advanced regions such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao, identify the experience that we could learn from them. At the aspect of the main supply, it exists the generalization of the main duty, it needs to strengthen the main duties. Government exercise public administration on the low-rent housing, the weak implementation of low-rent housing policy generated by the interest-driven in High-Profit type house construction, such as commercial house construction and so on, which should be prevented. At the aspect of the supply object, it is lack of the dynamic monitoring on accessing and exiting, it should be reasonable definition. At the aspect of the choice in the supply mode, there is the irrational supply structure, the way of supplying selection strategy should be clear. On the side of whether to form an effective supply, the choice of the different proportion of the supply should be adapted to local conditions, and make sure the monetary subsidies earmarked for low-rent housing flats, special material match the priority of special groups, and to best meet the needs of people have low-cost housing. Therefore, the responsibility to strengthen of the main supply subject and reasonable access of the supply objects is the role of inter-related, supply mode selection and the effective supply is closely related, these four aspects of the Supply System on the low-rent housing has important theoretical and practical reference .
引文
1纪志伟.我国廉租房供给问题研究[D].重庆大学,2007
2向寿生.廉租房供房模式的比较分析[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004
3中国社科院社会学研究所.中国城镇低收入人群住房福利政策研究论坛综述[EB/01].中国社会科学,1990(02)
1金江.廉租房融资模式研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004
2 Myles,Gareth D.Public Economics[M].Cambridge University Press.1995,(10)
1刘伟.利用PPP模式进行廉租房建设的可行性分析[D].中国海洋大学,2007
1柯年满.中国城镇廉租住房问题研究[D].武汉科技大学,2000
1孙洁.从公共政策角度对城市廉租房制度的几点讨论[J].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集,2007-09-01
1魏伟,上海廉租房保障体系的完善与创新住房保障[J].上海房地,2007(10)
2白友涛,李艳.廉租房补贴方式的问题分析——以南京市鼓楼区为例[J].中国房地产,2010(02)
1姚英杰,我国城镇廉租房制度建设中的问题及对策研究[D],中国海洋大学,2009
2俞永学,新加坡的住房政策及其对中国的启示[D],上海交通大学,2008
1王坤、王泽森.低收入者住房的解决之道——香港公公屋制度的启示,中国经济时报,2005-06-15
1孙洁.从公共政策角度对城市廉租房制度的几点讨论[J].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集,2007-09-01
1俞永学,新加坡的住房政策及其对中国的启示[D],上海交通大学,2008
1谢薇.政府廉租房供给研究[D].中南大学,2010
1魏玮.上海廉租房保障体系的完善与创新[J].上海房地,2007(10)
2魏玮,李云婷.上海廉租房保障体系建设的几点思考[J].企业经济,2008(01)
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2向寿生.廉租房供房模式的比较分析[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004
3中国社科院社会学研究所.中国城镇低收入人群住房福利政策研究论坛综述[EB/01].中国社会科学,1990(02)
1金江.廉租房融资模式研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004
2 Myles,Gareth D.Public Economics[M].Cambridge University Press.1995,(10)
1刘伟.利用PPP模式进行廉租房建设的可行性分析[D].中国海洋大学,2007
1柯年满.中国城镇廉租住房问题研究[D].武汉科技大学,2000
1孙洁.从公共政策角度对城市廉租房制度的几点讨论[J].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集,2007-09-01
1魏伟,上海廉租房保障体系的完善与创新住房保障[J].上海房地,2007(10)
2白友涛,李艳.廉租房补贴方式的问题分析——以南京市鼓楼区为例[J].中国房地产,2010(02)
1姚英杰,我国城镇廉租房制度建设中的问题及对策研究[D],中国海洋大学,2009
2俞永学,新加坡的住房政策及其对中国的启示[D],上海交通大学,2008
1王坤、王泽森.低收入者住房的解决之道——香港公公屋制度的启示,中国经济时报,2005-06-15
1孙洁.从公共政策角度对城市廉租房制度的几点讨论[J].和谐城市规划——2007中国城市规划年会论文集,2007-09-01
1俞永学,新加坡的住房政策及其对中国的启示[D],上海交通大学,2008
1谢薇.政府廉租房供给研究[D].中南大学,2010
1魏玮.上海廉租房保障体系的完善与创新[J].上海房地,2007(10)
2魏玮,李云婷.上海廉租房保障体系建设的几点思考[J].企业经济,2008(01)
[1] New House Joseph P. Reimbursing Health Plans and Health Providers: Selection Versus Efficiency in Production[J].Journal of Political Economy,1998(34)
[2] Ohls, James C. Public Policy toward Low-Income Housing and Filtering in Housing Markets. Journal of Urban Economics,1975(2)
[3] Braid R.M. Uniform Spatial Growth with Perfect Foresight and Durable Housing[J].Journal of Urban Economics,1988
[4] Braid R.M. Residential Spatial Growth with Perfect Foresight and Multiple Income Groups[J].Journal of Urban Economics,1991
[5] Aaron, Henry J. & George M. von Furstenberg. The inefficiency of transfers in kind: the case of housing assistance, Western Economic,1971
[6] E. Jay Howenstine. The Changing Roles of Housing Production Subsidies and Consumer Housing Subsidies in European National Housing Policy[J]. Land Economics,1975(1)
[7] Jie Chen, Cecila Enstrinist. Housing Allowance and the Recipients' Homeownership: Evidence from a Panel Data Study in Sweden[J]. Housing Studies,2005(4)
[8] Priemus, H, Kemp, P.A. and Varady, D. Housing vouchers in the United States, Great Britain, and the Netherlands: current issues and future perspectives[J]. Housing Policy Debate,2006(3)
[9] Frank S. Kristo.f Federal Housing Policies: Subsidized Production, Filtration and Objectives [J]. Land Economics,1973(2)
[10] Robert C. Weaver. Housing Allowances[J].Land Economics,1975(3)
[11] Jill Khadduri, Raymond J. Struyk Housing Vouchers for the Poor[J]. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,1982(2)
[12] Bourassa, S. and M. Yin. Housing Tenure Choice in Australia and the United States: Impacts of Alternative Subsidy Policies[J]. Real Estate Economics,2006(2)
[13] Marion Steele. Canadian Housing Allowances inside and outside the Welfare System [J]. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques,1998(2)
[14] Paul Bingley and Ian Walker. Housing Subsidies and Work Incentives in GreatBritain [J]. The Economic Journal,2001(471)
[15]中国社科院社会学研究所.中国城镇低收入人群住房福利政策研究论坛综述[EB/01].中国社会科学网
[16]文林峰.城镇住房保障[M].北京:中国发展出版社.2007
[17] Sweeny J.L.质量,消费品等级和住房市场[J].计量经济学(英文版),1974
[18]高鸿业.西方经济学(微观部分)[M].第四版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007
[19]顾志明,柯年满.加快建立廉租房供应体系的必要性和对策[J].中国房地产金融,2001(9)
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[21]高峰.我国城镇廉租住房融资模式研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007
[22]余凌志.廉租住房保障水平研究[D].上海交通大学,2007
[23]林毓铭.社会保障与政府职能研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2008
[24]王培刚,胡峰.当前我国城镇低收入家庭住房福利政策的问题与对策探讨[J].经济体制改革,2007(3)
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[26]郑功成.中国社会保障制度变迁与评估[M].北京:人大出版社,2002
[27]王世联.中国城镇住房保障制度思想变迁研究(1949-2005)[D].复旦大学,2006
[28]梁晓,张幸仔.新加坡住房保障体系[J].中国税务,2009(1)
[29]张静.我国城镇廉租住房制度研究[D].四川大学,2003
[30]宋星慧.香港、新加坡的住房干预政策[J].中外房地产导报, 2002(09)
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[33] 2007年上海国民经济运行情况[R],上海统计局,2008-2-26
[34]周蓉,对本市城镇不同收入居民家庭住房状况的分析[R].国家统计局上海调查总队,2008-07-07
[35] 2008年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R]
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[37]姚玲珍.中国公共住房政策模式研究[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[38]王宁楠.新加坡的公共住宅政策及其借鉴[J].南洋问题研究,2001(2)
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