电力需求侧管理研究
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摘要
摘要：电力是经济社会发展的重要支撑和城市正常运转的命脉,近年来国内用电短缺状况时有发生,需求时间不均衡现象日趋严重,造成发电成本上升、电网调峰困难、供电可靠性下降及高峰时段拉闸限电等一系列问题。在此背景下,为解决电力供需矛盾,在增加电力供给的同时,电力需求侧管理作为适应市场经济体制要求的一种经济运行调控手段和节电运营机制、用电管理技术,受到全社会的极大重视,对于促进电力工业与环境、经济、社会协调发展,正在并将继续发挥重要作用。
电力需求侧管理是在政府法规和政策的支持下,通过有效的激励和引导措施,配合适宜的运作方式,促使电网公司、能源服务公司、中介机构、节能产品供应商、电力用户等共同努力,在满足同样用电功能的同时,提高终端用电效率和改善用电方式,减少电量消耗和电力需求,实现能源服务成本最低、社会效益最佳、节约资源、保护环境、各方受益所进行的管理活动。
本文主要采用规范研究和实证分析相结合、静态分析和动态分析相结合的研究方法,对我国DSM的相关问题进行研究。基本内容如下：
第一,对古典经济学中的供求原理和各个学派需求侧治理的理论渊源进行系统分析和阐述,为电力需求侧管理研究奠定理论基础。运用电力经济学理论,分析电力市场发展背景和商品属性,电力产品所处环境及其特性决定了它难于采用完全市场化方式进行经营,为了增强电力需求的弹性,需要政府发挥规制作用,加强对需求侧的管理和控制,最终实现社会、经济、资源、环境相互协调和可持续发展。
第二,借鉴排污权交易思想和运作模式,对电力需求侧管理进行设计,力图解决节电的外部性问题,提出节电量交易方法,并对主要指标——总量控制、电耗标准制定、交易市场体系构建、市场监督管理分别进行设计
第三,针对电力需求侧管理中的实施障碍,借助委托代理理论对电力需求侧管理的激励机制进行研究,扫除电力需求侧管理进一步深入实施过程中的各个障碍,营造良好发展环境,提升电力需求侧管理的深度和广度。
第四,从经济效益、环境效益和社会发展综合效益三个方面进行DSM实施效果的全面评估,并采用不确定性分析方法开展DSM实施过程的市场分析,为电力企业和政府采取有效的需求侧管理手段提供决策分析依据。
第五,本文以可中断负荷和峰谷分时电价为案例,对电力需求侧管理实施模式进行深入分析。本文认为,为维持电力系统可靠性和提高市场运行效率,必须让消费者在用电服务和电力产品上有选择权,引导用户接受对其成本最有效的电力价格,自愿改变用电方式、用电时间、合理消费、多用低谷电、多采用高效率设备,达到电力供求平衡。
本文的创新点有：系统阐述了电力需求侧管理的理论基础和综合效益评估方法；首次明确提出将排污权交易方法与电力需求侧管理相结合,创新性的提出“节电量交易”概念；针对电力需求侧管理中的实施障碍,借助委托代理理论对激励机制进行研究；研究对DSM经济效益、环境效益、社会发展综合效益进行全面评估的方法。
Electric power is the pillar of economy development and city function. In recent years,electric power shortage was very common in china,.It results in a series of problems such as high cost,low power supply reliability and power brownouts. Under such circumstances, in order to solve the contradiction between the supply and requirement of power resources, demand side management was born. As the measure of regulating economy working and e management technology of power demand,DSM has been paid great attention of the whole society. It has been playing an importment role in promating coordinated development of the electrical industry,environment, economy and society
DSM includes some kinds of management activities under the support of law and policy by the government. It takes effective motivate measures and suitable operation, through the joint power of power companies, service companies, intermediaries and the supplier and power users to improve the efficiency of electricity and the improvement of the electricity supply of electricity in the same way.The best result is to meet all the functions of electricity consumption and reducing demand for electricity, achieve the gole of saving resources and environment protection and realization of the best social benefits, the lowest cost of energy services.
This paper mainly adopt the combination methods of standardized studies and empirical analyses, static analysis and dynamic analyses to study the DSM issues in china.The basic content as following:firstly, analysis the principle of supply and demand and DSM in classic economy as the theoretical foundation of DSM study. At the same time,analysis the background of electricity marke's development and it's propeties with power economic theory.
The environment of electrical product and its characteristics determine that it is difficult to use complete manner of commercialization.To increase the elasticity of electricity demand, the government need to strengthen the demand side management and control,achieve coordination and sustainable development of society, economy,natural resources and environment.
Secondly, design DSM learning from the ideas and operation mode of pollutant right discharging,trying to solve the externality of power saving.The article has designed main targets including volume control,the standard of consumption,transaction system and market supervision and management.
Thirdly, study encouragement mechanism learning from principal-agent theory to solve the obstacles of DSM implementation, create favourable development environment,promote the depth and extent of DSM.
Forthly,evaluate the effect of DSM from the following three aspects:economic benefits, environmental benefits and overall social development efficiency.And use uncertainty analysis methods to implement the market analysis, so provide the basis of policy-making for the government and electricity companies to take effective DSM means.
At last, this paper also analysis the method of DSM operation with the example of interruptible load and time-of use.I think, to maintain the reliability of electrical power system and improve market operation efficiency,the government should give consumers the right of option in the service and price of electrical products, lead them to accept the price that most benefical to themselves.
The innovation points are:an overall analysis of DSM's basic theories and efficiency evaluation methods; the first time to creat the concept of "power-saving deal",make it clear that pollutant right discharging and DSM can be combined greatly;study encouragement mechanism learning from principal-agent theory to solve the obstacles of DSM implementation;the systematic study of DSM.
电力需求侧管理是在政府法规和政策的支持下,通过有效的激励和引导措施,配合适宜的运作方式,促使电网公司、能源服务公司、中介机构、节能产品供应商、电力用户等共同努力,在满足同样用电功能的同时,提高终端用电效率和改善用电方式,减少电量消耗和电力需求,实现能源服务成本最低、社会效益最佳、节约资源、保护环境、各方受益所进行的管理活动。
本文主要采用规范研究和实证分析相结合、静态分析和动态分析相结合的研究方法,对我国DSM的相关问题进行研究。基本内容如下：
第一,对古典经济学中的供求原理和各个学派需求侧治理的理论渊源进行系统分析和阐述,为电力需求侧管理研究奠定理论基础。运用电力经济学理论,分析电力市场发展背景和商品属性,电力产品所处环境及其特性决定了它难于采用完全市场化方式进行经营,为了增强电力需求的弹性,需要政府发挥规制作用,加强对需求侧的管理和控制,最终实现社会、经济、资源、环境相互协调和可持续发展。
第二,借鉴排污权交易思想和运作模式,对电力需求侧管理进行设计,力图解决节电的外部性问题,提出节电量交易方法,并对主要指标——总量控制、电耗标准制定、交易市场体系构建、市场监督管理分别进行设计
第三,针对电力需求侧管理中的实施障碍,借助委托代理理论对电力需求侧管理的激励机制进行研究,扫除电力需求侧管理进一步深入实施过程中的各个障碍,营造良好发展环境,提升电力需求侧管理的深度和广度。
第四,从经济效益、环境效益和社会发展综合效益三个方面进行DSM实施效果的全面评估,并采用不确定性分析方法开展DSM实施过程的市场分析,为电力企业和政府采取有效的需求侧管理手段提供决策分析依据。
第五,本文以可中断负荷和峰谷分时电价为案例,对电力需求侧管理实施模式进行深入分析。本文认为,为维持电力系统可靠性和提高市场运行效率,必须让消费者在用电服务和电力产品上有选择权,引导用户接受对其成本最有效的电力价格,自愿改变用电方式、用电时间、合理消费、多用低谷电、多采用高效率设备,达到电力供求平衡。
本文的创新点有：系统阐述了电力需求侧管理的理论基础和综合效益评估方法；首次明确提出将排污权交易方法与电力需求侧管理相结合,创新性的提出“节电量交易”概念；针对电力需求侧管理中的实施障碍,借助委托代理理论对激励机制进行研究；研究对DSM经济效益、环境效益、社会发展综合效益进行全面评估的方法。
Electric power is the pillar of economy development and city function. In recent years,electric power shortage was very common in china,.It results in a series of problems such as high cost,low power supply reliability and power brownouts. Under such circumstances, in order to solve the contradiction between the supply and requirement of power resources, demand side management was born. As the measure of regulating economy working and e management technology of power demand,DSM has been paid great attention of the whole society. It has been playing an importment role in promating coordinated development of the electrical industry,environment, economy and society
DSM includes some kinds of management activities under the support of law and policy by the government. It takes effective motivate measures and suitable operation, through the joint power of power companies, service companies, intermediaries and the supplier and power users to improve the efficiency of electricity and the improvement of the electricity supply of electricity in the same way.The best result is to meet all the functions of electricity consumption and reducing demand for electricity, achieve the gole of saving resources and environment protection and realization of the best social benefits, the lowest cost of energy services.
This paper mainly adopt the combination methods of standardized studies and empirical analyses, static analysis and dynamic analyses to study the DSM issues in china.The basic content as following:firstly, analysis the principle of supply and demand and DSM in classic economy as the theoretical foundation of DSM study. At the same time,analysis the background of electricity marke's development and it's propeties with power economic theory.
The environment of electrical product and its characteristics determine that it is difficult to use complete manner of commercialization.To increase the elasticity of electricity demand, the government need to strengthen the demand side management and control,achieve coordination and sustainable development of society, economy,natural resources and environment.
Secondly, design DSM learning from the ideas and operation mode of pollutant right discharging,trying to solve the externality of power saving.The article has designed main targets including volume control,the standard of consumption,transaction system and market supervision and management.
Thirdly, study encouragement mechanism learning from principal-agent theory to solve the obstacles of DSM implementation, create favourable development environment,promote the depth and extent of DSM.
Forthly,evaluate the effect of DSM from the following three aspects:economic benefits, environmental benefits and overall social development efficiency.And use uncertainty analysis methods to implement the market analysis, so provide the basis of policy-making for the government and electricity companies to take effective DSM means.
At last, this paper also analysis the method of DSM operation with the example of interruptible load and time-of use.I think, to maintain the reliability of electrical power system and improve market operation efficiency,the government should give consumers the right of option in the service and price of electrical products, lead them to accept the price that most benefical to themselves.
The innovation points are:an overall analysis of DSM's basic theories and efficiency evaluation methods; the first time to creat the concept of "power-saving deal",make it clear that pollutant right discharging and DSM can be combined greatly;study encouragement mechanism learning from principal-agent theory to solve the obstacles of DSM implementation;the systematic study of DSM.
引文
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