佛山地区电力需求侧管理长效机制研究
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摘要
在经济社会可持续发展面临能源、环境的巨大压力的情况下,“国家实行节约与开发并举,把节约放在首位的能源发展战略。”电力需求侧管理作为国家能源战略的重要组成部分,是节约用电,缓解电力供应紧张状况,提高电力使用效率的重要举措,对促进能源、经济、环境协调发展具有重要意义。
在目前的社会环境、经济环境和法制环境下,电力公司对外部环境的改变能力仍是极其有限的,电力公司在此环境下,更为迫切的是要结合我国电力管理的现状并借鉴国外先进的管理经验和技术,练好内功,健全和完善我国电力需求侧管理机制,提高电力公司的市场竞争力和生存能力。
作者结合佛山地区用电需求市场的实际情况和自己多年的电力企业管理经验,从电力需求侧管理的理论分析出发,通过电力需求侧市场运营现状分析,为实现发电侧资源的优化配置以及提升电网购电市场的节能性、经济性与安全性而提供现实分析的基础。针对需求侧管理影响因素的定性与定量分析,对于提升电网公司进行电力需求侧管理工作的效率与效益提供理性分析的参考。根据佛山市电力需求侧管理长效机制工作现状,并与国外先进城市管理经验进行对比,找出不足之处,提出长效对策。把握管理需求特点,分析现行政策法规的弊端,理清建立工作长效机制的思路、目标和重点,创新电力需求侧管理工作体制机制、管理方法和手段,提出新形势下切实可行的对策措施。
总之,建立电力需求侧管理的长效机制,将更有助于电网公司在维护电能的稳定运行、可持续供电、节能减排工作中可以承担重大的作用,发挥主体作用,实现为社会经济发展服务的目的,促进社会经济可持续发展。
Facing economic and social sustainable development in the energy and the environment under tremendous pressure, "National implementation of conservation and development simultaneously, giving priority to conservation of energy development strategy." Demand side management as a national energy strategy, an important part, is conserve electricity to ease the power shortage situation, improve power efficiency of the important initiatives to promote energy, economic, and environmental development of great significance.
In the current social environment, economic environment and legal environment, the power companies to change the capacity of the external environment is still very limited, the power companies in this environment, the more urgent is to combine the status of China's power management and advanced foreign management experience and technology needed to train their internal organs, improve and perfect the mechanism of demand side management to improve the power company's market competitiveness and viability.
Combined with their own power company for many years management experience in the actual situation, from a theoretical analysis of demand side management, operational status through the analysis of demand side market, in order to achieve the optimal allocation of resources, power generation side of the grid and buy electricity from the market to enhance energy efficiency, economy and security to provide real basis of the analysis. Demand side management factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the power company DSM to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness to provide rational analysis of the reference. According to the work of our long-term mechanism DSM status, compared with the foreign experience, to identify shortcomings and put forward long-term countermeasures. Management needs to grasp the characteristics of the drawbacks of existing policies and regulations, clarify the work of long-term mechanism to establish the idea, objectives and priorities, institutional mechanisms DSM innovation, management methods and tools presented in the new situation feasible strategies and measures.
In short, the establishment of effective mechanisms of DSM in China will be conducive to maintenance of electric power grid company in the stable operation of sustainable power supply, energy saving and emission can take a significant role, to play the main role in achieving the community The purpose of economic development services to promote the socio-economic sustainable development.
在目前的社会环境、经济环境和法制环境下,电力公司对外部环境的改变能力仍是极其有限的,电力公司在此环境下,更为迫切的是要结合我国电力管理的现状并借鉴国外先进的管理经验和技术,练好内功,健全和完善我国电力需求侧管理机制,提高电力公司的市场竞争力和生存能力。
作者结合佛山地区用电需求市场的实际情况和自己多年的电力企业管理经验,从电力需求侧管理的理论分析出发,通过电力需求侧市场运营现状分析,为实现发电侧资源的优化配置以及提升电网购电市场的节能性、经济性与安全性而提供现实分析的基础。针对需求侧管理影响因素的定性与定量分析,对于提升电网公司进行电力需求侧管理工作的效率与效益提供理性分析的参考。根据佛山市电力需求侧管理长效机制工作现状,并与国外先进城市管理经验进行对比,找出不足之处,提出长效对策。把握管理需求特点,分析现行政策法规的弊端,理清建立工作长效机制的思路、目标和重点,创新电力需求侧管理工作体制机制、管理方法和手段,提出新形势下切实可行的对策措施。
总之,建立电力需求侧管理的长效机制,将更有助于电网公司在维护电能的稳定运行、可持续供电、节能减排工作中可以承担重大的作用,发挥主体作用,实现为社会经济发展服务的目的,促进社会经济可持续发展。
Facing economic and social sustainable development in the energy and the environment under tremendous pressure, "National implementation of conservation and development simultaneously, giving priority to conservation of energy development strategy." Demand side management as a national energy strategy, an important part, is conserve electricity to ease the power shortage situation, improve power efficiency of the important initiatives to promote energy, economic, and environmental development of great significance.
In the current social environment, economic environment and legal environment, the power companies to change the capacity of the external environment is still very limited, the power companies in this environment, the more urgent is to combine the status of China's power management and advanced foreign management experience and technology needed to train their internal organs, improve and perfect the mechanism of demand side management to improve the power company's market competitiveness and viability.
Combined with their own power company for many years management experience in the actual situation, from a theoretical analysis of demand side management, operational status through the analysis of demand side market, in order to achieve the optimal allocation of resources, power generation side of the grid and buy electricity from the market to enhance energy efficiency, economy and security to provide real basis of the analysis. Demand side management factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the power company DSM to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness to provide rational analysis of the reference. According to the work of our long-term mechanism DSM status, compared with the foreign experience, to identify shortcomings and put forward long-term countermeasures. Management needs to grasp the characteristics of the drawbacks of existing policies and regulations, clarify the work of long-term mechanism to establish the idea, objectives and priorities, institutional mechanisms DSM innovation, management methods and tools presented in the new situation feasible strategies and measures.
In short, the establishment of effective mechanisms of DSM in China will be conducive to maintenance of electric power grid company in the stable operation of sustainable power supply, energy saving and emission can take a significant role, to play the main role in achieving the community The purpose of economic development services to promote the socio-economic sustainable development.
引文
[1]曾鸣.美国电力公司实施需求侧管理的启示[J].能源研究与信息, 1994, 10(1): 32-35
[2]胡子珩,黄日星,程韧俐等.电力需求侧管理全球发展经验及启示[J].大众用电, 2004, (9): 3-5
[3]朱成章,徐任武.需求侧管理[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1999
[4] Nadel S.,Geller H. Utility DSM. What have we learned? Where are we going? [J]. Energy Policy .2006(04): 289~302
[5] Hirst Eric, Cavanagh Ralph. Miller. Peter. The future of DSM in a restructured US electricity industry[J]. Energy Policy. 2006(4): 303~315
[6] Channele Donald. U.S Electric Utility Demand-Side Management: Trends and Analysis [R].http://www.eia.doe.gov
[7] J. Eto,S. Stoft, S. Kito. DSM shareholder incentives: recent designs and economic theory[J]. Utilities Policy .1998(03) :47~62
[8] Eto J. Goldman. C.,Kito, M.S. Ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs in a restructured electricity industry[J]. The Electricity Journal. 1996(08):71~81
[9] Didden Marcel H, D'haeseleer, William D. Demand Side Management in a competitive European market: Who should be responsible for its implementation? [J].Energy Policy.2003(10):1307~1314
[10] Wikler Gregory A. Policy Options for Energy Efficiency Initiatives[J]. The Electricity Journal .2000(1):61~68
[11]周伏秋,戴彦德.电力市场化改革中的终端电力能源效率问题[J].中国能源, 2001 (09):11~14
[12] Joseph Eto,Steven Stoft, Timothy Belden. The theory and practice of decoupling utility revenue from sales[J]. Utilities Policy.2007(03): 43~55
[13] Saington,Johannes Pfeifenberger.Philip Hanser. The State of Performance-Based Regulation in the U.S. Electric Utility Industry[J]. David The Electricity Journal .2001(10):71~79
[14]杨志荣,胡兆光,周伏秋,李为正. DSM的政府行动[J].电力需求侧管理. 2002 (02):5~7
[15]朱成章.需求侧管理和电力体制改革.电力需求侧管理[J]. 2003(02):7~10
[16]唐为民,王蓓蓓,刘福斌,李扬.需求侧管理成本效益最优化分析[J].电网技术,2002, (12):49~52
[17]曾鸣,孙听,张启平,吕兆敏,李涛.我国电力需求侧管理的激励机制及政策建议[J].电力需求侧管理, 2003(04):3-6
[18]杨志荣. DSM演进历史的评析[J].中国能源, 2003(04):22-26
[19]陈肖红,张彩庆,齐正平. DSM激励机制及其在我国的可行性[J].电力需求侧管理, 2004(09):7-9
[20]胡兆光,杨志荣,李为正,周伏秋. Finamore Barbara.我国实施电力需求侧管理政策建议[J].电力需求侧管理, 2002 (04): 4-6
[21]刘军.需求侧管理评价指标体系及评价模型[J].华北电力技术, 2003(07):10-13
[22]方勇,张少华,李渝曾.一种激励相容的电力市场可中断负荷管理合同模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2003(11):23-26
[23]曾明等.电力需求侧管理[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2000
[24]朱成章,徐任武.需求侧管理(DSM ) [M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1999
[25] Mary Anne Sullivan, Joseph C. Bell, and John R. Lilyestrom. Standard market design:What went wrong? what next?[J]. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16(6): 11-17.
[26] Bunn D W. Forecasting loads and prices in competitive power markets[J]. Proc. of the IEEE, 2000, 88 (2): 163-169
[27] Gerbec D, Gasperic S, Smon I, et al. An approach to customers daily load profile determination[J]. IEEE PES Summer Meeting 2002, Chicago, USA, 2002, 1: 587-591
[28] Gao Feng, Guan Xiaohong, Cao Xi-Ren, et al. Forecasting power market clearing price and quantity using a neural network method[J]. IEEE PES Summer Meeting, 2002,Chicago, USA, 4: 2183-2188.
[29] Kirchen D S, Strbac G, Cumperayot P, et al. Factoring the electricity of demand in electricity prices[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 612-617
[30] Yan Houmin, and Yan Houzhong. Optimal energy purchases in deregulated California energy markets[J]. IEEE PES Winter Meeting 2000, Singapore, 2000, 3: 1249-1254
[31] Shleifer A. A theory of yardstick competition[J]. Rand Journal of Economics, 2005, 16:319-327
[32] Donos T M, Willis H L, Engel M V. New considerations for distribution networkplanning and design[J]. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, Birmingham, UK, 2007, 6: 1-5
[33] Fereidoon P S. DSM in transition:from mandates to markets[J]. Energy Policy,2006,24(4): 285-288
[34] Billinton R, Lakhanpal D. Impacts of demand-side management on reliability cost/reliability worth analysis[J]. IEE Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2006, 143(3): 225-231.
[35]金广厚,李庚银,周明.电能质量市场理论的初步探讨[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(12):1-6
[36]金广厚,李庚银,周明.电能质量市场中电磁污染排放权分配的研究[J].电工技术学报, 2005, 20(7): 63-69, 75
[37] Fumagalli E,Black J W,Vogelsang I,et al.Quality of service provision in electric power distribution systems through reliability insurance[J.]IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1286-1293.
[38]赵豫,于尔铿.电力零售市场研究(一)充满竞争的电力零售市场[J].电力系统自动化, 2003,27(9): 20-23, 40
[39].张忠.治理公路超限运输长效机制研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2005: 62
[40]杨志荣. DSM演进历史的评析[J].中国能源, 2003,(4):22-26.
[41] David Moskovitz. DSM and Utility Restructuring [EB/OL].http://bbs.topenergy. org/viewthread.php?tid=14079, 2004-09-21
[42]冯燕.德国需求侧管理的应用和进展[J].节能.2008, (1):3-7
[43]国家经贸委经济运行局加拿大、美国电力需求侧管理可资借鉴[J].中国经济导刊, 1998,(11):45
[2]胡子珩,黄日星,程韧俐等.电力需求侧管理全球发展经验及启示[J].大众用电, 2004, (9): 3-5
[3]朱成章,徐任武.需求侧管理[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1999
[4] Nadel S.,Geller H. Utility DSM. What have we learned? Where are we going? [J]. Energy Policy .2006(04): 289~302
[5] Hirst Eric, Cavanagh Ralph. Miller. Peter. The future of DSM in a restructured US electricity industry[J]. Energy Policy. 2006(4): 303~315
[6] Channele Donald. U.S Electric Utility Demand-Side Management: Trends and Analysis [R].http://www.eia.doe.gov
[7] J. Eto,S. Stoft, S. Kito. DSM shareholder incentives: recent designs and economic theory[J]. Utilities Policy .1998(03) :47~62
[8] Eto J. Goldman. C.,Kito, M.S. Ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs in a restructured electricity industry[J]. The Electricity Journal. 1996(08):71~81
[9] Didden Marcel H, D'haeseleer, William D. Demand Side Management in a competitive European market: Who should be responsible for its implementation? [J].Energy Policy.2003(10):1307~1314
[10] Wikler Gregory A. Policy Options for Energy Efficiency Initiatives[J]. The Electricity Journal .2000(1):61~68
[11]周伏秋,戴彦德.电力市场化改革中的终端电力能源效率问题[J].中国能源, 2001 (09):11~14
[12] Joseph Eto,Steven Stoft, Timothy Belden. The theory and practice of decoupling utility revenue from sales[J]. Utilities Policy.2007(03): 43~55
[13] Saington,Johannes Pfeifenberger.Philip Hanser. The State of Performance-Based Regulation in the U.S. Electric Utility Industry[J]. David The Electricity Journal .2001(10):71~79
[14]杨志荣,胡兆光,周伏秋,李为正. DSM的政府行动[J].电力需求侧管理. 2002 (02):5~7
[15]朱成章.需求侧管理和电力体制改革.电力需求侧管理[J]. 2003(02):7~10
[16]唐为民,王蓓蓓,刘福斌,李扬.需求侧管理成本效益最优化分析[J].电网技术,2002, (12):49~52
[17]曾鸣,孙听,张启平,吕兆敏,李涛.我国电力需求侧管理的激励机制及政策建议[J].电力需求侧管理, 2003(04):3-6
[18]杨志荣. DSM演进历史的评析[J].中国能源, 2003(04):22-26
[19]陈肖红,张彩庆,齐正平. DSM激励机制及其在我国的可行性[J].电力需求侧管理, 2004(09):7-9
[20]胡兆光,杨志荣,李为正,周伏秋. Finamore Barbara.我国实施电力需求侧管理政策建议[J].电力需求侧管理, 2002 (04): 4-6
[21]刘军.需求侧管理评价指标体系及评价模型[J].华北电力技术, 2003(07):10-13
[22]方勇,张少华,李渝曾.一种激励相容的电力市场可中断负荷管理合同模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2003(11):23-26
[23]曾明等.电力需求侧管理[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2000
[24]朱成章,徐任武.需求侧管理(DSM ) [M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1999
[25] Mary Anne Sullivan, Joseph C. Bell, and John R. Lilyestrom. Standard market design:What went wrong? what next?[J]. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16(6): 11-17.
[26] Bunn D W. Forecasting loads and prices in competitive power markets[J]. Proc. of the IEEE, 2000, 88 (2): 163-169
[27] Gerbec D, Gasperic S, Smon I, et al. An approach to customers daily load profile determination[J]. IEEE PES Summer Meeting 2002, Chicago, USA, 2002, 1: 587-591
[28] Gao Feng, Guan Xiaohong, Cao Xi-Ren, et al. Forecasting power market clearing price and quantity using a neural network method[J]. IEEE PES Summer Meeting, 2002,Chicago, USA, 4: 2183-2188.
[29] Kirchen D S, Strbac G, Cumperayot P, et al. Factoring the electricity of demand in electricity prices[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 612-617
[30] Yan Houmin, and Yan Houzhong. Optimal energy purchases in deregulated California energy markets[J]. IEEE PES Winter Meeting 2000, Singapore, 2000, 3: 1249-1254
[31] Shleifer A. A theory of yardstick competition[J]. Rand Journal of Economics, 2005, 16:319-327
[32] Donos T M, Willis H L, Engel M V. New considerations for distribution networkplanning and design[J]. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, Birmingham, UK, 2007, 6: 1-5
[33] Fereidoon P S. DSM in transition:from mandates to markets[J]. Energy Policy,2006,24(4): 285-288
[34] Billinton R, Lakhanpal D. Impacts of demand-side management on reliability cost/reliability worth analysis[J]. IEE Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2006, 143(3): 225-231.
[35]金广厚,李庚银,周明.电能质量市场理论的初步探讨[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(12):1-6
[36]金广厚,李庚银,周明.电能质量市场中电磁污染排放权分配的研究[J].电工技术学报, 2005, 20(7): 63-69, 75
[37] Fumagalli E,Black J W,Vogelsang I,et al.Quality of service provision in electric power distribution systems through reliability insurance[J.]IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1286-1293.
[38]赵豫,于尔铿.电力零售市场研究(一)充满竞争的电力零售市场[J].电力系统自动化, 2003,27(9): 20-23, 40
[39].张忠.治理公路超限运输长效机制研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2005: 62
[40]杨志荣. DSM演进历史的评析[J].中国能源, 2003,(4):22-26.
[41] David Moskovitz. DSM and Utility Restructuring [EB/OL].http://bbs.topenergy. org/viewthread.php?tid=14079, 2004-09-21
[42]冯燕.德国需求侧管理的应用和进展[J].节能.2008, (1):3-7
[43]国家经贸委经济运行局加拿大、美国电力需求侧管理可资借鉴[J].中国经济导刊, 1998,(11):45