渝怀铁路隧道岩溶治理技术方法研究
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摘要
随着铁路、公路建设的迅猛发展,在岩溶地区修建隧道越来越多。特别是在西部山区铁路建设中,常常会遇到石灰岩溶地区的大断面隧道工程建设,不同程度的岩溶工程地质问题,并且严重影响了隧道的施工和运营安全。
本文以渝怀铁路几十座隧道为研究背景,以干溪沟隧道为主要工程实例,采用室内试验、数值计算与现场试验相结合及理论分析的方法,对岩溶发育地区隧道修建新技术进行研究,取得研究成果如下;
(1)结合地质资料分析,应用水平声波剖面法(HSP)对掌子面前方50～100m内的地质状况进行了准确预报,对隧道施工方案和施工措施的选择,对确保隧道的安全、快速施工起了十分重要的指导作用,产生了显著的经济效益和社会效益。
(2)建立了充填型岩溶软基加固结构选型的模糊数学评价模型,对备选的多种方案进行比选,十分方便地进行了充填型岩溶软基加固方案的选择。
(3)从复合地基理论现状出发,将旋喷桩、钢管桩等复合地基新技术应用于不同的隧底充填型岩溶软基治理,可以在岩溶地区隧道施工中大力推广的实用性工程技术。
(4)总结出了石灰岩地区的岩溶形成机理及其危害,并全面阐述了岩溶治理方案的制定原则和不同情况下的岩溶治理工艺及方法。这些工艺及方法经济实用,在隧道岩溶治理上起到了很好的效果,具有进一步推广价值和意义。
With the rapid development of the railway and highway construction, the number of tunnels are more and more in the karst area. Especially in the western mountain railway construction, the large section tunnel construction are often encountered in the limestone dissolution area, and alls kinds of the karst geological problems could seriously affect the construction and operation of the tunnel safety.
With the background of Chongqing-Huaihua Railway tunnels and the project example of the Gan Xigou tunnel, the new technologies of the tunnel construction is studied in the karst area by using the method of the model test and numerical methods and theoretical analysis. The research results are as follows:
(1) the geological conditions of the tunnel face in front of 50 to 100 m were accurate prediction with the level of application of acoustic profile (HSP), according to the geological data analysis. It is very important role in guiding for the choice of tunnel construction program and measures and Rapid Construction, which will have a significant economic and social benefits.
(2) the structure of the fuzzy math Selection Evaluation Model in the filled karst soft Reinforcement is established, it is very conveniently carried out filling karst soft Reinforcement program choices by a variety of alternative programs.
(3) The Churning Pile, steel pipe piles and other composite foundation of new technologies applied to the soft treat in the different filling karst tunnel from the theory of composite foundation, and it is developed in the karst areas of tunnel construction.
(4) the formation mechanism and the danger of Karst are summarized in karst limestone region and the principle of the Karst treat project and the karst management technology and methods are comprehensively expounded under different circumstances.It is a very good results for these economical and practical methods in the tunnel of karst management and a further promote the value and meaning.
本文以渝怀铁路几十座隧道为研究背景,以干溪沟隧道为主要工程实例,采用室内试验、数值计算与现场试验相结合及理论分析的方法,对岩溶发育地区隧道修建新技术进行研究,取得研究成果如下;
(1)结合地质资料分析,应用水平声波剖面法(HSP)对掌子面前方50～100m内的地质状况进行了准确预报,对隧道施工方案和施工措施的选择,对确保隧道的安全、快速施工起了十分重要的指导作用,产生了显著的经济效益和社会效益。
(2)建立了充填型岩溶软基加固结构选型的模糊数学评价模型,对备选的多种方案进行比选,十分方便地进行了充填型岩溶软基加固方案的选择。
(3)从复合地基理论现状出发,将旋喷桩、钢管桩等复合地基新技术应用于不同的隧底充填型岩溶软基治理,可以在岩溶地区隧道施工中大力推广的实用性工程技术。
(4)总结出了石灰岩地区的岩溶形成机理及其危害,并全面阐述了岩溶治理方案的制定原则和不同情况下的岩溶治理工艺及方法。这些工艺及方法经济实用,在隧道岩溶治理上起到了很好的效果,具有进一步推广价值和意义。
With the rapid development of the railway and highway construction, the number of tunnels are more and more in the karst area. Especially in the western mountain railway construction, the large section tunnel construction are often encountered in the limestone dissolution area, and alls kinds of the karst geological problems could seriously affect the construction and operation of the tunnel safety.
With the background of Chongqing-Huaihua Railway tunnels and the project example of the Gan Xigou tunnel, the new technologies of the tunnel construction is studied in the karst area by using the method of the model test and numerical methods and theoretical analysis. The research results are as follows:
(1) the geological conditions of the tunnel face in front of 50 to 100 m were accurate prediction with the level of application of acoustic profile (HSP), according to the geological data analysis. It is very important role in guiding for the choice of tunnel construction program and measures and Rapid Construction, which will have a significant economic and social benefits.
(2) the structure of the fuzzy math Selection Evaluation Model in the filled karst soft Reinforcement is established, it is very conveniently carried out filling karst soft Reinforcement program choices by a variety of alternative programs.
(3) The Churning Pile, steel pipe piles and other composite foundation of new technologies applied to the soft treat in the different filling karst tunnel from the theory of composite foundation, and it is developed in the karst areas of tunnel construction.
(4) the formation mechanism and the danger of Karst are summarized in karst limestone region and the principle of the Karst treat project and the karst management technology and methods are comprehensively expounded under different circumstances.It is a very good results for these economical and practical methods in the tunnel of karst management and a further promote the value and meaning.
引文
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[24]王建华,李夕兵,温世游.模糊数学优选理论评价和选择地基处理方案[J].西部探矿工程,2002,76(3);21-23
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[31]Gang Wang,Wei Bing Wang,Chang Hong Ling.Beam characteristics of shortpulse radition with eletro magnetic missile effect[J].J.Appl Phys,1998,83(9);1-5
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[33]齐加连,徐学燕,李舜,王正秋.高压旋喷复合地基承载力试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1994-6,27(3);97-101
[34]陈兴冲等.复合地基极限承载力的弹塑性有限元分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报,1998-9,17(3);1-5
[35]朱晞,王根会.铁路桥梁旋喷桩复合地基的三维弹性有限元分析[J].铁道学报,1996-12,18(6);95-99
[36]王开.隧道岩溶断层突水涌泥综合整治技术[J].西部探矿工程,1994-7,6(4);17- 19
[37]林代锐.公路隧道溶洞坍方处理一例[J].广东公路交通,1996,44(3);26-30
[38]张德和.隧道穿越溶洞堆积物的设计与施工[J].地下空间,1999-6,19(2);93-100
[39]赵明阶,敖建华,刘绪华,王彪.隧道底部溶洞对围岩变形特性的影响分析[J].重庆交通学院学报;2003-6,22(2);20-24
[40]赵明阶,徐容,刘绪华,敖建华,王彪.隧道顶部溶洞影响围岩稳定性的模型试验研究[J].地下空间,2003-6,23(2);153-158
[41]毕守森等.引黄工程国际Ⅱ、Ⅲ标TBM施工段溶洞处理[J].水利水电技术,2002-8,33(8);44-45
[42]柳杨春.HSP地质超前预报技术及其应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997-9;34-36
[43]刘家珩.深圳市东部供水网络干线工程西坑隧洞岩溶地质及处理[J].水利技术监督,2002(1);47-50
[44]阮成礼,万长华.电磁导弹的波形条件[J].科学通报,1990,36(10);738-741
[45]黄斌,杨敏,熊巨华.不同材料桩型时的桩基三维有限元分析[J].岩土工程技术,2004,18(2);78-82
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[47]段绍伟.深基坑支护结构选型理论分析及应用研究[D];[博士学位论文].长沙;湖南大学,2003
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[2]铁道部第二勘测设计院编著.岩溶工程地质[M].北京;中国铁道出版社,1984.8
[3]钟桂彤主编.铁路隧道[M].北京;中国铁道出版社,1996
[4]雷明堂,蒋小珍.岩溶塌陷研究现状、发展趋势及其支撑技术研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998-8,9(3);1-6
[5]李治国.隧道岩溶处理技术[J].铁道工程学报,2002-12,76(4);61-67
[6]刘志刚.概论岩溶或地质复杂隧道隧洞地质灾害超前预报技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2002-10-29,2003(2);1-6
[7]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇,肖宽怀.隧道地质超前预报研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003-9,18(3);460-464
[8]吴世明,唐有职,陈龙珠.岩土工程波动勘测技术[M].北京;水利水电出版社,1992
[9]陈成宗.工程岩体声波探测技术[M].北京;中国铁道出版社,1990
[10]段绍伟,杜飞,沈蒲生.基坑深度与宽度对高层建筑深基坑开挖变形的影响[J].建筑结构,2002,32(7);27-29
[11]秦四清.深基坑工程优化设计[M].北京;地震出版社,1998
[12]刘增良.模糊技术与应用选编(2)[M].北京;航空航天大学出版社,1997
[13]袁浩.钢筋混凝土结构加固设计优化研究[D];[硕士学位论文].长沙;湖南大学,2001
[14]卢海林,许成祥,马驰.深基坑支护方案优选的模糊评价[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(3);73-74
[15]钟诗胜,工程方案设计中的模糊理论与技术[M].哈尔滨;哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[16]陈守煜.系统模糊决策理论与应用[M].大连;大连理工大学出版社,1994
[17]吕培印.深基坑支护体系的多层次模糊综合决策[J].辽宁工学院学报,1999,19(5);42-46
[18]朱嬿,李章华.排序与分级同步的综合评价模型[J].清华大学学报,1999,39(6);116-120
[19]朱嬿,李章华.模糊综合评价的离散抽样模型[J].清华大学学报,2000,40(8);121-124
[20]长江水利委员会长江下游水文水资源勘测局.西气东输管道工程长江过江点比选河 势分析报告[R].2000
[21]长江科学院.南京长江第三大桥动床河工模型试验报告[R].武汉;长江科学院,2000
[22]祝启坤,张小敏.地基处理方案的模糊优化[J].水文地质工程地质,2004(2);40-42
[23]王东.运用模糊综合评判法选择基坑支护方案的分析方法[J].住宅科技,1997-9;28-31
[24]王建华,李夕兵,温世游.模糊数学优选理论评价和选择地基处理方案[J].西部探矿工程,2002,76(3);21-23
[25]黄生根,张希浩,曹辉.地基处理与基坑支护工程[M].武汉;中国地质大学出版社,1997.3
[26]史钊.公路、桥梁、隧道施工新技术、新工艺与验收规范实务全书[M].北京;金版电子出版公司出版,2002
[27]Richard Otto,Edward Button,Helfried Bretterebner and Peter Schwab,The Application of TRT-True Reflection Tomography at the Unterwald Tunnel,Geophysics,2002(2);51-56
[28]WUTT.Electrom agnetic missiles[J].JApplPhys,1985,57(7);2370-2373
[29]SHEN H M.Experimental study of electrom agnetic missiles[J].Proc SPIE,1988(873);339-346
[30]VASSILIOSA,Houdzoum is S,WU TaiT,JOHN MMyers.Backcattering ofan electro magnetic missile a metal cylinder of degree higher than two[J].J.ApplPhys,1996,80(1);15-24
[31]Gang Wang,Wei Bing Wang,Chang Hong Ling.Beam characteristics of shortpulse radition with eletro magnetic missile effect[J].J.Appl Phys,1998,83(9);1-5
[32]中国建筑科学研究院.建筑地基处理技术规范(JGJ79-91)[S].北京;中华计划出版社,1992
[33]齐加连,徐学燕,李舜,王正秋.高压旋喷复合地基承载力试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1994-6,27(3);97-101
[34]陈兴冲等.复合地基极限承载力的弹塑性有限元分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报,1998-9,17(3);1-5
[35]朱晞,王根会.铁路桥梁旋喷桩复合地基的三维弹性有限元分析[J].铁道学报,1996-12,18(6);95-99
[36]王开.隧道岩溶断层突水涌泥综合整治技术[J].西部探矿工程,1994-7,6(4);17- 19
[37]林代锐.公路隧道溶洞坍方处理一例[J].广东公路交通,1996,44(3);26-30
[38]张德和.隧道穿越溶洞堆积物的设计与施工[J].地下空间,1999-6,19(2);93-100
[39]赵明阶,敖建华,刘绪华,王彪.隧道底部溶洞对围岩变形特性的影响分析[J].重庆交通学院学报;2003-6,22(2);20-24
[40]赵明阶,徐容,刘绪华,敖建华,王彪.隧道顶部溶洞影响围岩稳定性的模型试验研究[J].地下空间,2003-6,23(2);153-158
[41]毕守森等.引黄工程国际Ⅱ、Ⅲ标TBM施工段溶洞处理[J].水利水电技术,2002-8,33(8);44-45
[42]柳杨春.HSP地质超前预报技术及其应用[J].西部探矿工程,1997-9;34-36
[43]刘家珩.深圳市东部供水网络干线工程西坑隧洞岩溶地质及处理[J].水利技术监督,2002(1);47-50
[44]阮成礼,万长华.电磁导弹的波形条件[J].科学通报,1990,36(10);738-741
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