裂隙介质岩体中隧洞稳定性与荷载特征的研究
|
摘要
进行隧道结构和支护设计时,首先必须确定隧道结构所承受的荷载(围岩压力)。当前对完整岩体和松散岩体中围岩压力都做了深入研究,并形成了相关理论能较好的解决隧道荷载问题。但对于裂隙介质中隧道荷载(围岩压力)的研究较少,严格上讲,完整岩体和松散岩体在自然界中是很少的,绝大多数是裂隙岩体,而裂隙岩体中结构面的性质特征却是决定围岩压力性状和隧道稳定性的重要原因。
因此,本论文从岩体结构力学的角度出发,引入岩体结构的理论和概念,介绍了结构面和结构体的特征及其分类,并以裂隙岩体(主要是一组节理形成的层状岩体和多组节理形成的破碎岩体)为研究对象,运用较适合研究裂隙介质的离散单元法及其软件UDEC作为研究工具。首先从力学的角度分析在裂隙岩体(一组和多组节理)中开挖隧道洞室时围岩二次应力的分布特点和无支护条件下隧道的稳定性;接着探讨了一组节理(主要是顺层偏压岩体)形成的地质偏压岩体中开挖洞室后的围岩压力的分布特征,并重点分析了该条件下的围岩压力的分布特征与岩体结构面参数的敏感性关系,进而获得结构面参数对洞室稳定性与隧道偏压之间的关系,并通过项目例证;最后又探讨了多组结构面形成的破碎岩体中的围岩压力分布特征与结构面参数的敏感性之间的关系,以及隧道的稳定性研究,并把数值模拟结果与围岩压力的理论计算值进行对比分析,指出了裂隙围岩中围岩压力理论计算方法的各自适用情况与不足,并尝试提出了修正建议。
本文通过数值分析,对裂隙岩体的围岩压力的分布规律以及隧道的稳定性做了探索性的研究,为类似隧道工程提供了一定的参考意见。
In the process of designing tunnel structure and tunnel support, rock pressure ability must be defined firstly, which is applied to tunnel structure. Presently, rock pressure in complete rock mass and loosening rock mass has been researched profoundly and thoroughly; and the correlative theories being used to solve the tunnel-load problem have been formed. However, there is still a lack of research on rock pressure in fractured rock mass. Strictly speaking, it is rare to see the complete rock mass and loosening rock mass in nature, but fractured rock mass is much more common. And the nature as well as the character of structural plane in fractured rock mass is the major reasons determining the property of rock pressure and stability of tunnel.
In this thesis, the theory and conception of rock mass structure have been introduced firstly in the respective of rock mass's structural mechanics. Afterwards, the character and classification of structure plane as well as structure body are presented. Fractured rock mass, especially layered rock mass formed by volume joint and breaking rock mass formed by multi-volume joints, is regarded as principal subject, which is then investigated by Distinct Element Method and its software UDEC, the tools adapted to research discrete mediator. As to this investigation, the steps are divided into several steps as follows: firstly, under the condition of excavating tunnel in fractured rock mass, the distribution characters of Second stress and stability of tunnel with no support are studied; Secondly, the distribution of rock pressure ceased by excavation in the uneven pressure rock mass formed by volume joint, has been analyzed. And parameter sensitivity analysis of structural plane which cease the distribution of rock pressure also has been studied as an emphasis. Based on those two analyses, the relationship between the parameter of structural plane and the stability and uneven pressure of tunnel are obtained, verified by an item as well. At last, the discussion is made about the relationship between the parameter of structural plane and the distribution characters of rock pressure in cracking rock mass formed by multi-volume joints. Based on the comparison between the numerical modeling results and rock pressure calculation, the proposals are made to point out the theoretical arithmetic methods of the tunnel rock pressure and stability in fractured rock mass.
In this thesis, the exploratory research on distribution regularities of rock pressure and stability of tunnel in fractured rock mass has been done through numerical modeling. At the same time, some reference suggestions have been offered for analogous tunnel construction.
因此,本论文从岩体结构力学的角度出发,引入岩体结构的理论和概念,介绍了结构面和结构体的特征及其分类,并以裂隙岩体(主要是一组节理形成的层状岩体和多组节理形成的破碎岩体)为研究对象,运用较适合研究裂隙介质的离散单元法及其软件UDEC作为研究工具。首先从力学的角度分析在裂隙岩体(一组和多组节理)中开挖隧道洞室时围岩二次应力的分布特点和无支护条件下隧道的稳定性;接着探讨了一组节理(主要是顺层偏压岩体)形成的地质偏压岩体中开挖洞室后的围岩压力的分布特征,并重点分析了该条件下的围岩压力的分布特征与岩体结构面参数的敏感性关系,进而获得结构面参数对洞室稳定性与隧道偏压之间的关系,并通过项目例证;最后又探讨了多组结构面形成的破碎岩体中的围岩压力分布特征与结构面参数的敏感性之间的关系,以及隧道的稳定性研究,并把数值模拟结果与围岩压力的理论计算值进行对比分析,指出了裂隙围岩中围岩压力理论计算方法的各自适用情况与不足,并尝试提出了修正建议。
本文通过数值分析,对裂隙岩体的围岩压力的分布规律以及隧道的稳定性做了探索性的研究,为类似隧道工程提供了一定的参考意见。
In the process of designing tunnel structure and tunnel support, rock pressure ability must be defined firstly, which is applied to tunnel structure. Presently, rock pressure in complete rock mass and loosening rock mass has been researched profoundly and thoroughly; and the correlative theories being used to solve the tunnel-load problem have been formed. However, there is still a lack of research on rock pressure in fractured rock mass. Strictly speaking, it is rare to see the complete rock mass and loosening rock mass in nature, but fractured rock mass is much more common. And the nature as well as the character of structural plane in fractured rock mass is the major reasons determining the property of rock pressure and stability of tunnel.
In this thesis, the theory and conception of rock mass structure have been introduced firstly in the respective of rock mass's structural mechanics. Afterwards, the character and classification of structure plane as well as structure body are presented. Fractured rock mass, especially layered rock mass formed by volume joint and breaking rock mass formed by multi-volume joints, is regarded as principal subject, which is then investigated by Distinct Element Method and its software UDEC, the tools adapted to research discrete mediator. As to this investigation, the steps are divided into several steps as follows: firstly, under the condition of excavating tunnel in fractured rock mass, the distribution characters of Second stress and stability of tunnel with no support are studied; Secondly, the distribution of rock pressure ceased by excavation in the uneven pressure rock mass formed by volume joint, has been analyzed. And parameter sensitivity analysis of structural plane which cease the distribution of rock pressure also has been studied as an emphasis. Based on those two analyses, the relationship between the parameter of structural plane and the stability and uneven pressure of tunnel are obtained, verified by an item as well. At last, the discussion is made about the relationship between the parameter of structural plane and the distribution characters of rock pressure in cracking rock mass formed by multi-volume joints. Based on the comparison between the numerical modeling results and rock pressure calculation, the proposals are made to point out the theoretical arithmetic methods of the tunnel rock pressure and stability in fractured rock mass.
In this thesis, the exploratory research on distribution regularities of rock pressure and stability of tunnel in fractured rock mass has been done through numerical modeling. At the same time, some reference suggestions have been offered for analogous tunnel construction.
引文
[1]夏永旭,王永东.隧道结构力学计算.北京:人民交通出版社 2004.9
[2]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集.北京:人民交通出版社 2003.12
[3]郭见扬,李纪三.地下建筑工程地质.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社 1994.4
[4]朱焕春,Brummer R,Andrieux P.节理岩体数值计算方法及其应用
[5]孙广忠,岩体力学基础.科学出版社,1983
[6]朱汉华,孙红月,杨建辉.公路隧道围岩稳定与支护技术.科学出版社.2007.1:21-22
[7]李攀峰.金沙江溪洛渡水电站坝区地应力场及地下洞室群围岩稳定性数值模拟.成都理工学院硕士论文.2001:3-6
[8]周余明,李希元.地下隧道问题的数值计算方法.广东公路交通.1998,54:63-64
[9]Cundall P A.A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in blocky rock systems.Rock fracture,Proccedings of international symposium on rock fracture,Nancy,1971
[10]Lemos J V,Hart R D and cundall P A.A generalized distinct element programfor modeling jointed rock mass.In fundamentals of rock joints,O Stephansson(ed),Lulea:Centak publishers,1985.335-343
[11]Voegele M,fairhurst C and Cundall P A.analysis of tunnel support loads using a large displacement distinct block model.In storage in excavated rock caverns,Bergman M.(ed.)2,Oxford:pergamon,1978.247-252
[12]Brown E T.Analytical and computational methods in engineering rock mechanics.Allen and Unwin Ltd.,1987
[13]任青文,块体单元法及在岩体稳定分析中的应用.河海大学学报,1995,Vol.23,NO.1
[14]任青文,余天堂,块体单元法的理论和计算模型.工程力学,1999,Vol.16,No.1
[15]邬爱清,任放,董学晟,DDA数值数值模型及其在岩土工程中的初步应用研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,10
[16]曹国金,姜弘道.岩土工程稳定性分析方法研究动态及展望.工程勘测岩土.2002,(2):5-9
[17]裴觉民,吕祖珩.裂隙岩体非连续变形的静力和动力分析方法.岩土工程学报.1996,18(6):46-54
[18]王卫华,李夕兵.离散单元法及其在岩土工程中的应用综述.岩土工程技术.2005年8月第4期
[19]王泳嘉.离散单元法--一种适用于节理岩石力学分析的数值方法.见:陈祖煜编.第一界全国岩石力学数值计算及模型试验讨论会论文集.江西吉安:西南交通大学出版社,1986
[20]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社。
[21]Jing L.A review of techniques,advanced and outstanding issues in numerical modeling for rock mechanics and rock engineering[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science,2003,(40):283-353.
[22]王涛,周恩华,朱焕春等.三峡永久船闸中隔墩岩体变形分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):683-686
[23]王涛,陈晓玲.基于直接节理网格模拟的三维离散单元法计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(10):1649-1653
[24]王泳嘉,刑纪波.离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用.岩石力学.1995,16(2):10-15
[25]Rajinder Bhasin,Kaare Hqeg,Parametric study for a large cavern in jointed rock using a Distinct Element Model(UDECOBB),International Journal of Mechanics & Mining Sciences,1998,35(1):17-29
[26]Souley M,Homand F.Stability of jointed rock masses evaluated by UDEC with an extended SaebOAmadeiconstitutive law,International Journal of Mechanics & Mining Sciences,1996,33(3):233-234
[27]Souley M,Homand F,Thoraval A.the effect of jointconstitutive laws on the modelling of an underground excavation and comparison with inOsitu measurements,International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(1):97-115
[28]乐晓阳,谭国焕,李启光等.节理岩体圆形洞室岩爆过程的离散单元法分析与模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(6):676-679
[29]麻凤海,范学理,王泳嘉.岩层移动动态过程的离散单元分析.煤炭学报,1996,21(4):388-392
[30]麻凤海,杨帆.地层沉陷的数值模拟应用研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):257-261
[31]郑榕明,陈文胜,葛修润等.金山店铁矿开采引起地表变形规律的离散元模拟研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1130-1135
[32]谭云亮,姜福兴,范炜林等.锚杆对节理围岩稳定性影响的离散元研究.工程地质学报,1999,17(4):361-365
[33]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1154-1157
[34]廖巍,徐海清,刘贵应.岩体结构面组合对巷道围岩稳定性的影响.安全与环境工程,2004,11(2):65-67
[35]Harald Hokmark.Numerical study of the performance of tunnel plugs,Engineering Geology,1998,49(304):327-335
[36]孙萍,李忠良等.公路隧道围岩塌方离散元模拟,公路交通科技,2005年9月,陕西 西安 710054
[37]周亚宇.大别山隧道围岩破碎带全断面开挖施工方案研究,隧道建设,2006年8月,湖北,武汉 430071
[38]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中大断面隧洞围岩与支护结构的施工过程力学状态,岩石力学与工程学报,2005年4月
[39]关宝树.隧道工程概论,成都:西南交通大学出版社,1994
[40]王晓形.浅埋洞室围岩压力若干问题研究同济大学工学硕士学位论文]
[41]傅鹤林,韩汝才.隧道衬砌荷载计算理论及岩溶处治技术,长沙:中南大学出版社,2005.4
[42]蔡美峰等,岩石力学与工程,科学出版社,2002.8
[43]张立德、周小兵、赵长海,软岩隧道设计与施工技术,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[44]蔡美峰、何满潮、刘东燕,岩体力学与工程,北京:科学出版社,2002.8
[45]薛守义,刘汉东,岩体工程学科性质透视 黄河水利出版社,2002.7
[46]谷德振,岩体工程地质力学基础,科学出版社,1979
[47]孙广忠,岩体结构力学,科学出版社,1988
[48]孙广忠,论“岩体结构控制论”工程地质学报,1993年9月
[49]高磊.矿山岩石力学.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[50]孙玉科.边坡岩体稳定性分析.北京:科学出版社,1988
[51]Bandis S C,Lunsden A C and Barton N R.Fundemantals of rock joint deformation.Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr.,20:249-268,1993
[52]Barton N,& Bandis s.,Effect of block size on the shear behavior of jointed rock.In proc.23rd U S Symp Rock Mech 739~760,Berkely California.
[53]Barton N,Choubey V.,The shear strength of rock in theory and pratice.Rock Mech,1997,10(2):1-54
[54]Goodman R E..The mechanical property of joints,In proc.3rd tong ISRM,Part A,127-140,Denver 1974
[55]Ladancy B.Archambault G..Simulation of shear behavior of a jointed rock mass,In proc 11th Symp Rock Mech,105-125,Bekeley,California,1969
[56]11Hoek E and Brown E T.Underground excavations in rock.The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,London,1980
[57]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程学.北京:科学出版社,2002
[58]何满潮.露天矿高边坡工程.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[59]沈明荣.岩体力学.上海:同济大学出版社.1999.3
[60]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004.4
[61]王梦恕,地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2004.12
[62]朱合华,姜勇.岩石隧道偏压成因分析与荷载反演研究.现代隧道技术,2002年增刊(297-300)
[63]张海亮,董志.黄土质偏压隧道施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2000(4):25-27
[64]钟桂彤.铁路隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[65]TB10003-2005 铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁路出版社,2005
[66]铁道部第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册(隧道)[S].北京:中国铁道出版社.1999
[67]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[68]钟新樵.土质偏压隧道衬砌模型试验分析[J].西南交通大学出版社,1996,31(6)
[69]王兵,谢锦昌.偏压隧道模型试验及可靠性分析[J]。工程力学,1998,15(1)
[70]杨小礼,李亮,刘宝深.偏压隧道结构稳定性评价的信息优化分析[J]。岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4)
[71]鲜学福,层状岩体破坏机理[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989
[72]周晓军,高杨,李泽龙,杨昌宇.地层偏压隧道围岩压力及其分布特点的试验研究.现代隧道技术,2006.2
[73]任桂兰,单线铁路隧道地质顺层偏压衬砌结构的试验研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.7
[74]于跃勋,地质顺层偏压隧道施工力学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.11
[75]PROBLEM SOLVING WITH UDEC,Theory and Background
[76]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.9
[77]JTJ10204-2005公路隧道设计规范 北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[78]傅鹤林,韩汝才,朱汉华.破碎围岩中单拱隧道荷载计算的理论解.中南大学学报(自然科学版).2004年第6期
[79]吕建兵,傅鹤林.破碎围岩中深埋隧道荷载计算值的对比.西部探矿工程.2004年第2期。
[2]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集.北京:人民交通出版社 2003.12
[3]郭见扬,李纪三.地下建筑工程地质.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社 1994.4
[4]朱焕春,Brummer R,Andrieux P.节理岩体数值计算方法及其应用
[5]孙广忠,岩体力学基础.科学出版社,1983
[6]朱汉华,孙红月,杨建辉.公路隧道围岩稳定与支护技术.科学出版社.2007.1:21-22
[7]李攀峰.金沙江溪洛渡水电站坝区地应力场及地下洞室群围岩稳定性数值模拟.成都理工学院硕士论文.2001:3-6
[8]周余明,李希元.地下隧道问题的数值计算方法.广东公路交通.1998,54:63-64
[9]Cundall P A.A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in blocky rock systems.Rock fracture,Proccedings of international symposium on rock fracture,Nancy,1971
[10]Lemos J V,Hart R D and cundall P A.A generalized distinct element programfor modeling jointed rock mass.In fundamentals of rock joints,O Stephansson(ed),Lulea:Centak publishers,1985.335-343
[11]Voegele M,fairhurst C and Cundall P A.analysis of tunnel support loads using a large displacement distinct block model.In storage in excavated rock caverns,Bergman M.(ed.)2,Oxford:pergamon,1978.247-252
[12]Brown E T.Analytical and computational methods in engineering rock mechanics.Allen and Unwin Ltd.,1987
[13]任青文,块体单元法及在岩体稳定分析中的应用.河海大学学报,1995,Vol.23,NO.1
[14]任青文,余天堂,块体单元法的理论和计算模型.工程力学,1999,Vol.16,No.1
[15]邬爱清,任放,董学晟,DDA数值数值模型及其在岩土工程中的初步应用研究.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,10
[16]曹国金,姜弘道.岩土工程稳定性分析方法研究动态及展望.工程勘测岩土.2002,(2):5-9
[17]裴觉民,吕祖珩.裂隙岩体非连续变形的静力和动力分析方法.岩土工程学报.1996,18(6):46-54
[18]王卫华,李夕兵.离散单元法及其在岩土工程中的应用综述.岩土工程技术.2005年8月第4期
[19]王泳嘉.离散单元法--一种适用于节理岩石力学分析的数值方法.见:陈祖煜编.第一界全国岩石力学数值计算及模型试验讨论会论文集.江西吉安:西南交通大学出版社,1986
[20]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社。
[21]Jing L.A review of techniques,advanced and outstanding issues in numerical modeling for rock mechanics and rock engineering[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science,2003,(40):283-353.
[22]王涛,周恩华,朱焕春等.三峡永久船闸中隔墩岩体变形分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(6):683-686
[23]王涛,陈晓玲.基于直接节理网格模拟的三维离散单元法计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(10):1649-1653
[24]王泳嘉,刑纪波.离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用.岩石力学.1995,16(2):10-15
[25]Rajinder Bhasin,Kaare Hqeg,Parametric study for a large cavern in jointed rock using a Distinct Element Model(UDECOBB),International Journal of Mechanics & Mining Sciences,1998,35(1):17-29
[26]Souley M,Homand F.Stability of jointed rock masses evaluated by UDEC with an extended SaebOAmadeiconstitutive law,International Journal of Mechanics & Mining Sciences,1996,33(3):233-234
[27]Souley M,Homand F,Thoraval A.the effect of jointconstitutive laws on the modelling of an underground excavation and comparison with inOsitu measurements,International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(1):97-115
[28]乐晓阳,谭国焕,李启光等.节理岩体圆形洞室岩爆过程的离散单元法分析与模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(6):676-679
[29]麻凤海,范学理,王泳嘉.岩层移动动态过程的离散单元分析.煤炭学报,1996,21(4):388-392
[30]麻凤海,杨帆.地层沉陷的数值模拟应用研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):257-261
[31]郑榕明,陈文胜,葛修润等.金山店铁矿开采引起地表变形规律的离散元模拟研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1130-1135
[32]谭云亮,姜福兴,范炜林等.锚杆对节理围岩稳定性影响的离散元研究.工程地质学报,1999,17(4):361-365
[33]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1154-1157
[34]廖巍,徐海清,刘贵应.岩体结构面组合对巷道围岩稳定性的影响.安全与环境工程,2004,11(2):65-67
[35]Harald Hokmark.Numerical study of the performance of tunnel plugs,Engineering Geology,1998,49(304):327-335
[36]孙萍,李忠良等.公路隧道围岩塌方离散元模拟,公路交通科技,2005年9月,陕西 西安 710054
[37]周亚宇.大别山隧道围岩破碎带全断面开挖施工方案研究,隧道建设,2006年8月,湖北,武汉 430071
[38]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中大断面隧洞围岩与支护结构的施工过程力学状态,岩石力学与工程学报,2005年4月
[39]关宝树.隧道工程概论,成都:西南交通大学出版社,1994
[40]王晓形.浅埋洞室围岩压力若干问题研究同济大学工学硕士学位论文]
[41]傅鹤林,韩汝才.隧道衬砌荷载计算理论及岩溶处治技术,长沙:中南大学出版社,2005.4
[42]蔡美峰等,岩石力学与工程,科学出版社,2002.8
[43]张立德、周小兵、赵长海,软岩隧道设计与施工技术,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[44]蔡美峰、何满潮、刘东燕,岩体力学与工程,北京:科学出版社,2002.8
[45]薛守义,刘汉东,岩体工程学科性质透视 黄河水利出版社,2002.7
[46]谷德振,岩体工程地质力学基础,科学出版社,1979
[47]孙广忠,岩体结构力学,科学出版社,1988
[48]孙广忠,论“岩体结构控制论”工程地质学报,1993年9月
[49]高磊.矿山岩石力学.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[50]孙玉科.边坡岩体稳定性分析.北京:科学出版社,1988
[51]Bandis S C,Lunsden A C and Barton N R.Fundemantals of rock joint deformation.Int J Rock Mech Min Sci & Geomech Abstr.,20:249-268,1993
[52]Barton N,& Bandis s.,Effect of block size on the shear behavior of jointed rock.In proc.23rd U S Symp Rock Mech 739~760,Berkely California.
[53]Barton N,Choubey V.,The shear strength of rock in theory and pratice.Rock Mech,1997,10(2):1-54
[54]Goodman R E..The mechanical property of joints,In proc.3rd tong ISRM,Part A,127-140,Denver 1974
[55]Ladancy B.Archambault G..Simulation of shear behavior of a jointed rock mass,In proc 11th Symp Rock Mech,105-125,Bekeley,California,1969
[56]11Hoek E and Brown E T.Underground excavations in rock.The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,London,1980
[57]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程学.北京:科学出版社,2002
[58]何满潮.露天矿高边坡工程.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[59]沈明荣.岩体力学.上海:同济大学出版社.1999.3
[60]王贵君.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004.4
[61]王梦恕,地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2004.12
[62]朱合华,姜勇.岩石隧道偏压成因分析与荷载反演研究.现代隧道技术,2002年增刊(297-300)
[63]张海亮,董志.黄土质偏压隧道施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2000(4):25-27
[64]钟桂彤.铁路隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[65]TB10003-2005 铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁路出版社,2005
[66]铁道部第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册(隧道)[S].北京:中国铁道出版社.1999
[67]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[68]钟新樵.土质偏压隧道衬砌模型试验分析[J].西南交通大学出版社,1996,31(6)
[69]王兵,谢锦昌.偏压隧道模型试验及可靠性分析[J]。工程力学,1998,15(1)
[70]杨小礼,李亮,刘宝深.偏压隧道结构稳定性评价的信息优化分析[J]。岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4)
[71]鲜学福,层状岩体破坏机理[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989
[72]周晓军,高杨,李泽龙,杨昌宇.地层偏压隧道围岩压力及其分布特点的试验研究.现代隧道技术,2006.2
[73]任桂兰,单线铁路隧道地质顺层偏压衬砌结构的试验研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.7
[74]于跃勋,地质顺层偏压隧道施工力学研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.11
[75]PROBLEM SOLVING WITH UDEC,Theory and Background
[76]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.9
[77]JTJ10204-2005公路隧道设计规范 北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[78]傅鹤林,韩汝才,朱汉华.破碎围岩中单拱隧道荷载计算的理论解.中南大学学报(自然科学版).2004年第6期
[79]吕建兵,傅鹤林.破碎围岩中深埋隧道荷载计算值的对比.西部探矿工程.2004年第2期。