嵌入式车载移动终端的研究与设计
摘要
随着社会的发展,我国的公路交通运输业得到了巨大的发展,给交通管理带来了许多的问题,这些问题加大了车辆的管理和控制的难度。因此,如何利用现有技术对车辆实施行之有效的监管具有重要的现实意义。
车载移动终端是车载监控系统的重要组成部分。车载监控系统利用车载移动终端的GPS设备对车辆进行定位,将位置信息经过控制模块的处理后通过GPRS无线通信网络传回监控中心,监控中心结合GIS系统对位置信息进行分析以制订相应措施,并可对车载移动终端发出相应的控制命令。
本文开始介绍了课题研究的背景意义。说明了车载监控系统涉及的相关技术,提出了系统的总体设计方案,包括硬件平台的设计实现、操作系统的定制移植、软件开发平台的选择及应用程序开发等。
本文然后重点对车载移动终端软件和监控中心软件的功能设计进行了研究,车载移动终端软件包括:其一,嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ定制和移植,该系统具有软硬件易升级的优点,如果更换硬件平台,则只需要对操作系统进行少量的移植工作,与硬件无关的应用代码无需修改,如果要增加新的功能,按时序分配优先级,设计一个新的任务加入系统中,可实现软件升级。其二,系统通信协议设计,该系统制定了一套通信协议,从而使监控中心与车载移动终端有相同的数据格式,系统可以唯一识别命令,从而进行正确的操作。其三,系统主程序设计,包括系统初始化、串口中断、GPS数据处理、GPRS链路处理、车载报警处理、车载移动终端配置处理及TTS处理程序设计。
本文最后设计了监控中心软件包括:运用Visual C++内嵌mapx实现了电子地图的放大、缩小、漫游和图层控制等基本操作,根据用户需要,监控中心人员可以在电子地图上进行分类查询及目标定位,通过运用地图匹配算法处理后,电子地图上的行车轨迹比较平滑,且较好地处理了有些定位误差。
本文设计的车载移动终端结构紧凑,功能可靠,扩展性强,在实际路况的测试中表现良好,达到了预期效果,但在系统的稳定性方面还需要进一步改进。
With the social advancing, our country's transportation industry has developed greatly, but many problems of the traffic management has come out ,which increase the difficulty of vehicle management and controlling .Therefore, how to use existent technology to implement effective monitoring of vehicle has practical significance.
Vehicle mobile terminal is an important part of vehicle monitoring system. GPS equipment of vehicle mobile terminal is used for the monitoring by the vehicle monitoring system. The location information processed by control module is transmitted to monitoring center through the GPRS wireless communication network. Then correlative measures are taken and corresponding controlling orders of vehicle mobile terminal are sent out by the monitoring center combining GIS system after the analysing of the location information.
In the first instance , the background significance of research is introduced in this paper.Then the relative technologies of vehicle monitoring system are illuminated, and project designing of the system is brought forward, which includes the design and implementation of hardware platform, customization and transplantation of operating systems,the choice of software development platform and development of application program, etc.
Subsequently, we focus on the function design of the software of vehicle mobile terminal and monitoring center. The software of vehicle mobile terminal includes following aspects. First, the customization and transplantation of the embedded operating systemμC/OS- II .The system has the advantage of hardware and software upgrading, if replacing the hardware platform, a few of transplantation work to the operating systems just need to be done, without modifying the irrelevant hardware application code. Also, if adding new functions, we only need to design a new task to join to the system in terms of the timing allocation priority, then software upgrading would be realized. Second, the designing of the system communication protocols. This system frames a set of communication protocols to equal the data format between monitoring center and vehicle mobile terminal, then orders can be only identified by the system to carry out the correct operations.Third, the designing of the main program of system. These include the design of system initialization, serial interruption, GPS data, GPRS link and vehicle alarming processing,vehicle mobile terminal configuration processing, designing of TTS processing program.
The final part of this paper is the designing of the monitoring center software. These include, implementing the basic operations of zoom, ranging and layers controlling of electronic map by using Visual C++ embedded mapx. According to the users needs, monitoring centre staffs use the electronic map to actualize classification inquiring and locating. Through processing by the map matching algorithm, the track of electronic map is comparatively smooth, and positioning errors become less.
To conclude, the vehicle mobile terminal designed in this paper is compact, reliable with function and is of well expansion. It has performed well in the actual state of roads and achieved the expected results, however, the system's stability needs further improvement.
车载移动终端是车载监控系统的重要组成部分。车载监控系统利用车载移动终端的GPS设备对车辆进行定位,将位置信息经过控制模块的处理后通过GPRS无线通信网络传回监控中心,监控中心结合GIS系统对位置信息进行分析以制订相应措施,并可对车载移动终端发出相应的控制命令。
本文开始介绍了课题研究的背景意义。说明了车载监控系统涉及的相关技术,提出了系统的总体设计方案,包括硬件平台的设计实现、操作系统的定制移植、软件开发平台的选择及应用程序开发等。
本文然后重点对车载移动终端软件和监控中心软件的功能设计进行了研究,车载移动终端软件包括:其一,嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ定制和移植,该系统具有软硬件易升级的优点,如果更换硬件平台,则只需要对操作系统进行少量的移植工作,与硬件无关的应用代码无需修改,如果要增加新的功能,按时序分配优先级,设计一个新的任务加入系统中,可实现软件升级。其二,系统通信协议设计,该系统制定了一套通信协议,从而使监控中心与车载移动终端有相同的数据格式,系统可以唯一识别命令,从而进行正确的操作。其三,系统主程序设计,包括系统初始化、串口中断、GPS数据处理、GPRS链路处理、车载报警处理、车载移动终端配置处理及TTS处理程序设计。
本文最后设计了监控中心软件包括:运用Visual C++内嵌mapx实现了电子地图的放大、缩小、漫游和图层控制等基本操作,根据用户需要,监控中心人员可以在电子地图上进行分类查询及目标定位,通过运用地图匹配算法处理后,电子地图上的行车轨迹比较平滑,且较好地处理了有些定位误差。
本文设计的车载移动终端结构紧凑,功能可靠,扩展性强,在实际路况的测试中表现良好,达到了预期效果,但在系统的稳定性方面还需要进一步改进。
With the social advancing, our country's transportation industry has developed greatly, but many problems of the traffic management has come out ,which increase the difficulty of vehicle management and controlling .Therefore, how to use existent technology to implement effective monitoring of vehicle has practical significance.
Vehicle mobile terminal is an important part of vehicle monitoring system. GPS equipment of vehicle mobile terminal is used for the monitoring by the vehicle monitoring system. The location information processed by control module is transmitted to monitoring center through the GPRS wireless communication network. Then correlative measures are taken and corresponding controlling orders of vehicle mobile terminal are sent out by the monitoring center combining GIS system after the analysing of the location information.
In the first instance , the background significance of research is introduced in this paper.Then the relative technologies of vehicle monitoring system are illuminated, and project designing of the system is brought forward, which includes the design and implementation of hardware platform, customization and transplantation of operating systems,the choice of software development platform and development of application program, etc.
Subsequently, we focus on the function design of the software of vehicle mobile terminal and monitoring center. The software of vehicle mobile terminal includes following aspects. First, the customization and transplantation of the embedded operating systemμC/OS- II .The system has the advantage of hardware and software upgrading, if replacing the hardware platform, a few of transplantation work to the operating systems just need to be done, without modifying the irrelevant hardware application code. Also, if adding new functions, we only need to design a new task to join to the system in terms of the timing allocation priority, then software upgrading would be realized. Second, the designing of the system communication protocols. This system frames a set of communication protocols to equal the data format between monitoring center and vehicle mobile terminal, then orders can be only identified by the system to carry out the correct operations.Third, the designing of the main program of system. These include the design of system initialization, serial interruption, GPS data, GPRS link and vehicle alarming processing,vehicle mobile terminal configuration processing, designing of TTS processing program.
The final part of this paper is the designing of the monitoring center software. These include, implementing the basic operations of zoom, ranging and layers controlling of electronic map by using Visual C++ embedded mapx. According to the users needs, monitoring centre staffs use the electronic map to actualize classification inquiring and locating. Through processing by the map matching algorithm, the track of electronic map is comparatively smooth, and positioning errors become less.
To conclude, the vehicle mobile terminal designed in this paper is compact, reliable with function and is of well expansion. It has performed well in the actual state of roads and achieved the expected results, however, the system's stability needs further improvement.
引文
[1]赵亦林著,谭国真译.车辆定位与导航系统.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[2]冯锡生,赵晓琳,GPS及其通信组网.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[3]Elliott.D.KaPlan.Undetstanding GPS:Principles and APPlications.Artech House,Inc.1996
[4]王广运,郭秉义等.差分GPS定位技术与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1996
[5]Marius MINEA,Gheorghe STAN.Field Tests of a New Integrated Electronic System for Vehicle Monitoring,Mobile Data Communications and e-Commerce in Road Transportation.Serbia and Montenegro,NIS.2003 IEEE
[6]Zhang Wei,Lu Qingling,Wan Lin,Liu Ting.The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Alarm System.Intelligent Transportation Systems,2003.Proceedings.2003IEEE
[7]刘大杰,施一民等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[8]W.Y.Ochieng,K Sauer.Urban road transport nacigation:performance of the global positoning system after selective availability.Transportation Research Part C 10(2002)171-187
[9]Electronics map control for vehicle monitor.He Xinhua.Intelligent Transportation Systems,2003.Proceedings,2003IEEE
[10]李洪涛,许国昌.GPS应用程序设计.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2000
[11]Motorola crop.Motorola GPS Products Oncore Users Guide Revision5.0,2002
[12]Yong Wang,Dafang Zhuang.WebGIS-based system model of vehicle monitoring central platform.Geoscience and RemoteSensing Symposium,2005.IGARSS'05.Proceedings.2005IEEE International
[13]Wang Zhigang.Appliction of spatial information technology for logistics in ITS.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2004.IGARSS'04.Proceedings.2004IEEE International
[14]LEE Tian sze,TAN Kar eng.Vehicle navigation and route guidance.Nanyang:Technological University,2002
[15]汪洪,徐军利,包学海.GPS车辆动态管理系统.电脑开发与应用.2003,7:21-22.
[16]Guolin Sun,Jie Chen,Wei Guo,K.J.R.Liu.Signal processing techniques in network-aided positioning:a survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs,Signal Processing Magazine,IEEE Volume 22,Issue 4,July2005
[17]朱晓红,王晓平,程民利.GPS智能车辆监控管理系统.技术论坛,2004.
[18]王延伏,张伟宏.GPS系统在交通领域的应用与展望.中国工程师咨询,2003,(6):15-16
[19]向怀坤,刘小明.GPS/GIS/GSM车辆动态监控调度系统的设计与开发.公路交通科技.2002,(8):12-15
[20]刘旭,张其善一种基于GPRS的车辆监控系统.遥测遥控.2003(1):42-45,49
[21]李相银,曾连荪等.基于GPRS的车辆导航定位系统关键技术研究.中国数据通信.2004(1):86-89
[22]R.J.(Bud)Bates.GPRS:General Packet Radio Seveise.McGraw-Hill.2003
[23]吕捷.GPRS技术.第1版.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001
[24]吕捷,张力军.GPRS技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001:45-68
[25]钟章队,蒋文怡等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社.2001
[26]邬伦,张晶,赵伟.GIS技术与应用丛书-地理信息系统.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[27]周立功.ARM基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[28]SIEMENS.MC35i Siemens Cellular Engine.03.10.Siemens AG,2002
[29]SIEMENS.MC35i Hardware Interface Description,Recision 03.10,Siemens AG,2001
[30]SIEMENS InsTechnical Product information MC35i Preliminary,2003
[31]Serial Programming Guide for POSIX Operating Systems 5th Edition,3rdRevision-Updated March 11,2003
[32]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[33]周立功.ARM微控制器基础与实战.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[34]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[35]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社.2004:266-283
[36]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构(C语言版).北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[37]马忠梅,刘斌,戚军等.单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典.第一版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38]李连营,王涛等.基于MapX的GIS应用开发.武汉:武汉大学出版社.2003
[39]齐锐,屈韶琳.用MapX开发地理信息系统.北京:清华大学出版社.2003:12-30
[40]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:希望电子出版.2002
[41]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[42]白尚旺,党伟超.Power Designer软件工程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[43]Sara Baase等.计算机算法-设计与分析导论(影印本).北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[44]肖宏伟.Visual C++6实效编程百例.北京:人民邮电出版社.2002:273-280
[45]李博轩.Visual C++图形川户界面开发指南.北京:清华大学出版社.2000
[46]钱能,张敏霞等.C++程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社.2001
[2]冯锡生,赵晓琳,GPS及其通信组网.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996
[3]Elliott.D.KaPlan.Undetstanding GPS:Principles and APPlications.Artech House,Inc.1996
[4]王广运,郭秉义等.差分GPS定位技术与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1996
[5]Marius MINEA,Gheorghe STAN.Field Tests of a New Integrated Electronic System for Vehicle Monitoring,Mobile Data Communications and e-Commerce in Road Transportation.Serbia and Montenegro,NIS.2003 IEEE
[6]Zhang Wei,Lu Qingling,Wan Lin,Liu Ting.The Design and Implementation of Vehicle Monitoring and Alarm System.Intelligent Transportation Systems,2003.Proceedings.2003IEEE
[7]刘大杰,施一民等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社,1996
[8]W.Y.Ochieng,K Sauer.Urban road transport nacigation:performance of the global positoning system after selective availability.Transportation Research Part C 10(2002)171-187
[9]Electronics map control for vehicle monitor.He Xinhua.Intelligent Transportation Systems,2003.Proceedings,2003IEEE
[10]李洪涛,许国昌.GPS应用程序设计.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2000
[11]Motorola crop.Motorola GPS Products Oncore Users Guide Revision5.0,2002
[12]Yong Wang,Dafang Zhuang.WebGIS-based system model of vehicle monitoring central platform.Geoscience and RemoteSensing Symposium,2005.IGARSS'05.Proceedings.2005IEEE International
[13]Wang Zhigang.Appliction of spatial information technology for logistics in ITS.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2004.IGARSS'04.Proceedings.2004IEEE International
[14]LEE Tian sze,TAN Kar eng.Vehicle navigation and route guidance.Nanyang:Technological University,2002
[15]汪洪,徐军利,包学海.GPS车辆动态管理系统.电脑开发与应用.2003,7:21-22.
[16]Guolin Sun,Jie Chen,Wei Guo,K.J.R.Liu.Signal processing techniques in network-aided positioning:a survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs,Signal Processing Magazine,IEEE Volume 22,Issue 4,July2005
[17]朱晓红,王晓平,程民利.GPS智能车辆监控管理系统.技术论坛,2004.
[18]王延伏,张伟宏.GPS系统在交通领域的应用与展望.中国工程师咨询,2003,(6):15-16
[19]向怀坤,刘小明.GPS/GIS/GSM车辆动态监控调度系统的设计与开发.公路交通科技.2002,(8):12-15
[20]刘旭,张其善一种基于GPRS的车辆监控系统.遥测遥控.2003(1):42-45,49
[21]李相银,曾连荪等.基于GPRS的车辆导航定位系统关键技术研究.中国数据通信.2004(1):86-89
[22]R.J.(Bud)Bates.GPRS:General Packet Radio Seveise.McGraw-Hill.2003
[23]吕捷.GPRS技术.第1版.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001
[24]吕捷,张力军.GPRS技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001:45-68
[25]钟章队,蒋文怡等.GPRS通用分组无线业务.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社.2001
[26]邬伦,张晶,赵伟.GIS技术与应用丛书-地理信息系统.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[27]周立功.ARM基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[28]SIEMENS.MC35i Siemens Cellular Engine.03.10.Siemens AG,2002
[29]SIEMENS.MC35i Hardware Interface Description,Recision 03.10,Siemens AG,2001
[30]SIEMENS InsTechnical Product information MC35i Preliminary,2003
[31]Serial Programming Guide for POSIX Operating Systems 5th Edition,3rdRevision-Updated March 11,2003
[32]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[33]周立功.ARM微控制器基础与实战.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[34]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2005
[35]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社.2004:266-283
[36]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构(C语言版).北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[37]马忠梅,刘斌,戚军等.单片机C语言Windows环境编程宝典.第一版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38]李连营,王涛等.基于MapX的GIS应用开发.武汉:武汉大学出版社.2003
[39]齐锐,屈韶琳.用MapX开发地理信息系统.北京:清华大学出版社.2003:12-30
[40]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:希望电子出版.2002
[41]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[42]白尚旺,党伟超.Power Designer软件工程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[43]Sara Baase等.计算机算法-设计与分析导论(影印本).北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[44]肖宏伟.Visual C++6实效编程百例.北京:人民邮电出版社.2002:273-280
[45]李博轩.Visual C++图形川户界面开发指南.北京:清华大学出版社.2000
[46]钱能,张敏霞等.C++程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社.2001