热量远程计量系统及智能网络热量表的设计
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摘要
随着网络通信和自动化技术的快速发展,热量远程计量系统必将替代传统的IC卡计量系统应用于智能小区的远程抄表,从而使供热收费达到信息化和智能化。为此,本文设计了一种远程计量小区用户耗热的智能热量表,各个智能热量表联成一个计算机动态监控网络,监控中心通过动态监控网络所传输的实时数据对智能网络热量表进行监控。
第一,介绍了热量计量技术的发展现状,对系统的总体结构进行了论证,并针对目前热量远程计量系统中存在的主要问题,阐述了本文研究的主要内容和解决的关键技术。
第二,阐述了基于低功耗MSP430F147的智能网络热量表的内部硬件结构以及关键参数的测量和计算方法。设计了用户智能网络热量表以及与集中器连接的RS-485总线的硬件电路,重点阐述了利用MSP430系列单片机的比较器和斜率A/D转换器的部分外接电路设计。
第三,阐述了智能网络热量表软件的设计思想和组成,编写了主程序、中断程序、以及各子程序的流程图,并给出了其中部分模块的子程序,制定了集中器与智能网络热量表之间的通信协议。
第四,阐述了集中器的的硬件构成,尤其是电源及存储器。介绍了GPRS无线网络以及GPRS无线接入模块DTU的原理和接入方法,制定了集中器与监控中心之间的通信协议,进行了监控中心对集中器远程控制的设计。
第五,监控中心是远程计量系统的重要部分,整个系统通过它来进行信息处理和管理操作。,阐述了监控中心与GPRS DTU通信的实现方法,给出了监控中心的程序。利用VB和ACCESS设计了本系统的GPRS测试软件部分以及远程计量系统监控中心的运行画面。
最后,针对系统出错的主要现象如单片机误动作、死机、状态不稳、定时不准、数据显示混乱或闪烁等,分别从硬件和软件两个方面探讨了提高单片机应用系统可靠性的方法,最后进行了智能网络热量表的测试以及智能网络热量表的功耗指标测算。
With the rapid development of network communication and automation technology, the heat remote metering system will instead of the traditional IC card metering system. It will be applied to the remote meter reading of intelligent community to make heat supply reach informationization and intelligentization. Therefore, this paper designs a intelligent calorimeter to measure community customers' heat consumption remotely. Every intelligent calorimeter composes of a computer dynamic monitoring network. The monitoring center monitors intelligent network calorimeter by real-time data transmitted on the dynamic monitoring network.
Firstly, this paper introduces the developing status quo of heat metering technology, and demonstrates the system's whole structure. The main content studied and the key technology solved is described based on the main problems existing in the present heat remote metering system.
Secondly, this paper narrates inner hardware structure of intelligent network calorimeter based on low power consumption MSP430F147, and metering and computing methods of key parameters. This paper designs the customer intelligent network calorimeter and the hardware circuit of RS-485 bus connected with the muster. This paper stresses parts of peripheral circuit design of comparator and slope A/D converter using MSP430 singlechip. Moreover, this paper establishes the communication protocol of the system, and writes its software.
Thirdly, this paper narrates design thought and composing of intelligent network calorimeter software. This paper writes main program, interrupt program, subprogram and flow chart of each program. This paper gives some modules program, and establishes the communication protocol between the muster and the intelligent network calorimeter.
Fourthly, this paper narrates hardware structure of muster, especially the power and memorizer. This paper introduces the principle and connecting methods of GPRS wireless network and GPRS wireless connecting module DTU. This paper establishes the communication protocol between muster and monitoring center, and designs the remote control from monitoring center to muster.
Fifthly, the monitoring center is the important part of remote metering system, and whole system carry out the information process and management operation by it. This paper narrates realization methods of communication between monitoring center and GPRS DTU. Using VB and ACCESS, this paper designs GPRS testing software of the system and the operating screen of remote metering system's monitoring center.
Finally, referring to the main error phenomenon of the system such as the controlled objects' error action, no response, states' unstability, not accurate timing, digital display confusion or flicker and so on, this paper discusses the methods to improve reliability of singlechip application system from the hardware and the software. At the end of this paper, the test and identification of intelligent network calorimeter are carried out. This paper also tests the power consumption parameter of the calorimeter.
第一,介绍了热量计量技术的发展现状,对系统的总体结构进行了论证,并针对目前热量远程计量系统中存在的主要问题,阐述了本文研究的主要内容和解决的关键技术。
第二,阐述了基于低功耗MSP430F147的智能网络热量表的内部硬件结构以及关键参数的测量和计算方法。设计了用户智能网络热量表以及与集中器连接的RS-485总线的硬件电路,重点阐述了利用MSP430系列单片机的比较器和斜率A/D转换器的部分外接电路设计。
第三,阐述了智能网络热量表软件的设计思想和组成,编写了主程序、中断程序、以及各子程序的流程图,并给出了其中部分模块的子程序,制定了集中器与智能网络热量表之间的通信协议。
第四,阐述了集中器的的硬件构成,尤其是电源及存储器。介绍了GPRS无线网络以及GPRS无线接入模块DTU的原理和接入方法,制定了集中器与监控中心之间的通信协议,进行了监控中心对集中器远程控制的设计。
第五,监控中心是远程计量系统的重要部分,整个系统通过它来进行信息处理和管理操作。,阐述了监控中心与GPRS DTU通信的实现方法,给出了监控中心的程序。利用VB和ACCESS设计了本系统的GPRS测试软件部分以及远程计量系统监控中心的运行画面。
最后,针对系统出错的主要现象如单片机误动作、死机、状态不稳、定时不准、数据显示混乱或闪烁等,分别从硬件和软件两个方面探讨了提高单片机应用系统可靠性的方法,最后进行了智能网络热量表的测试以及智能网络热量表的功耗指标测算。
With the rapid development of network communication and automation technology, the heat remote metering system will instead of the traditional IC card metering system. It will be applied to the remote meter reading of intelligent community to make heat supply reach informationization and intelligentization. Therefore, this paper designs a intelligent calorimeter to measure community customers' heat consumption remotely. Every intelligent calorimeter composes of a computer dynamic monitoring network. The monitoring center monitors intelligent network calorimeter by real-time data transmitted on the dynamic monitoring network.
Firstly, this paper introduces the developing status quo of heat metering technology, and demonstrates the system's whole structure. The main content studied and the key technology solved is described based on the main problems existing in the present heat remote metering system.
Secondly, this paper narrates inner hardware structure of intelligent network calorimeter based on low power consumption MSP430F147, and metering and computing methods of key parameters. This paper designs the customer intelligent network calorimeter and the hardware circuit of RS-485 bus connected with the muster. This paper stresses parts of peripheral circuit design of comparator and slope A/D converter using MSP430 singlechip. Moreover, this paper establishes the communication protocol of the system, and writes its software.
Thirdly, this paper narrates design thought and composing of intelligent network calorimeter software. This paper writes main program, interrupt program, subprogram and flow chart of each program. This paper gives some modules program, and establishes the communication protocol between the muster and the intelligent network calorimeter.
Fourthly, this paper narrates hardware structure of muster, especially the power and memorizer. This paper introduces the principle and connecting methods of GPRS wireless network and GPRS wireless connecting module DTU. This paper establishes the communication protocol between muster and monitoring center, and designs the remote control from monitoring center to muster.
Fifthly, the monitoring center is the important part of remote metering system, and whole system carry out the information process and management operation by it. This paper narrates realization methods of communication between monitoring center and GPRS DTU. Using VB and ACCESS, this paper designs GPRS testing software of the system and the operating screen of remote metering system's monitoring center.
Finally, referring to the main error phenomenon of the system such as the controlled objects' error action, no response, states' unstability, not accurate timing, digital display confusion or flicker and so on, this paper discusses the methods to improve reliability of singlechip application system from the hardware and the software. At the end of this paper, the test and identification of intelligent network calorimeter are carried out. This paper also tests the power consumption parameter of the calorimeter.
引文
[1]刘岩松,关于供暖计量收费的若干问题探讨[J],中国建设信息供热制冷,2005.01.P:21-23
[2]曾享麟,实施建筑采暖计量收费的建议,中国城镇供热协会技术委员会,2006.6
[3]刘光军,夏春,集中供热按户计量方式的探讨[J],应用能源技术,1998.9,P:36-37
[4]徐忠堂,城市供热计量收费势在必行[J],房材与应用,2000.2 P:9-15
[5]中华人民共和国建设部,CJ128-2000,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准,智能网络热量表,北京,中国计量出版社,2001.02.05
[6]郝斌.供热节能改革的国内外案例分析[J],中国建设信息供热制冷,2002.06 P:43-45
[7]蔡子亮.一种新型远程计量系统的集中抄表器设计及通信协议研究[J],继电器,2007.07,P:46-49
[8]董智勇.基于GPRS/GSM的小区电力智能抄表系统[J],中原工学院学报,2006.03.Vol.17,P:48-50
[9]齐秀波.具备多种通信方式的远程集中采集器[J],电测与仪表,2007.04.P:40-44
[10]张延龄.基于MSP430系列单片机热量表的设计[J],煤气与热力,2006.11,Vol.26P:57-59
[11]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理及应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004,11
[12]魏小龙,MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002/11
[13]李芳.热能表热量计算方法的研究[J],现代计量仪器与技术,2005.1,P:49-51
[14]濮红梅.热量及冷量表的热量(焓值)计量原理及计算,应用能源技术,2005.1,P:32-33
[15]Robert F B,Quartz capillary flow meter for gases,Review of Scientific Instruments,2004.Vol,75(3),P:772-779
[16]张学庆.流量测量的意义及流量传感器的现状[J],石油化工自动化,2005.5,P:99-101
[18]董素荣,舒华,张煜等.超声波检测涡流式空气流量传感器,汽车电器,2002.1,P:41-42
[19]路立平,鹿晓力,宋寅卯.电磁式流量传感器电路设计[J],仪表技术与传感器,2004.4, P:53-54
[20]刘永洪,蒋华,张帆.一种基于MSP430F413的智能IC卡智能网络热量表系统[J],电子技术,2003.6,P:54-57
[21]崔志尚.温度计量与测试[M],北京,中国计量出版社,1998,P:24-96
[22]A.I.Lisenkov,Concept of Measurements of Heat Energy in The Heat Supply Systems of Russia Measurement Techniques.Mechanical Measurements,2002,45(8)
[23]Schlumberger Beijing Office.Bible of Heat Metering and Billing-Experience from Eur-Ope,1998,11
[24]Faruk Mendi and Kurtulus Boran.Fuzzy controlled central heatingsystem.Intemational Journal of Energy Research,2002,26(15),P:1313-1322.
[25]王树众.基于MSP430系列单片机的智能Ic卡智能网络热量表电控系统设计[J],机电工程,2004.21(3)P:1-4
[26]李晶,陈白宁,龚民.居民小区自动计量系统中集中器的研究和设计[J],沈阳理工大学学报,2007.6,P:31-33
[27]宫召杰,郭忠文,马鸿洋等.基于GPRS的无线自组织网络远程计量系统[J],计算机应用研究,2006.4,P:187-189
[28]Chen Yin-kang,Li Xiang-yang,Xiao Jing.The Hardware Design of Concentrator for Wireless Intelligent Meter Reading System,Componets and Ic,2005.1 P:37-40
[29]MAXIM 1UA Supply-Current,True +3V to +5.RS-232 Transceivers with Auto Shutdown MAX3221,19-0306:Rev:10/03
[30]SP3481/SP3485 +3.3V low Power Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers with 10MbPs Data Rate,2003.6
[31]朱兆优.RS-485总线在远程自动计量系统中的应用[J],华东理工学院学报,2005.Vol,28(2),P:192-194
[32]MOCZAR G,CSUBAK T and VARADY P,Distributed Measurement System For Heat Metering and Controlling,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2002,Vol,51(4)P:691-694
[33]Keith Quiring,MSP430 software Coding TeChniques.Texas Instruments Application RePort SLAA294A,2006/8
[34]Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 with Flash Hardware and Software Proposal(SLAA098)Application Report 2001.7
[35]BrummW.temperature sensor and calculation unit with the actual conditions in the consumer's installation.Femwwaerme Intermational,1982.2,P:4-7
[36]萧日嵘.关于智能网络热量表的检定方法[J],暖通空调.2001.5
[37]顾肇基译.GSM网络与GPRS[M],电子工业出版社,2001.1,P:222-259
[38]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2001.8,P:1-127
[39]金湘力.浅谈无线通信技术-GPRS技术[J],电力系统通信,2004.8,1-129
[40]业务特点及应用,黑龙江移动通信公司,2002.3,P:25-26
[41]张树兵等.Visual Basic 6.0中文版入门与提高[M].清华大学出版社,1998.P:3-13
[42]John W,Fronckowiak.Visual Basic 6数据库编程大全-Visual Basic 6 Database Programming[M],1999.P:4547
[43]朱焕立,胡健.提高单片机应用系统可靠性的设计技术[J].2003.7,P:47-49
[44]王军.单片机系统可靠性的研究与探索,舰船电子对抗[J].2003.26 P:5-42
[45]宿亚莉,王彤,许伟晔.浅谈单片机系统设计的可靠性[J].网络与计算机技术.2003.1,P:24-25
[46]郑蕾,郭伟,郝继飞.单片机应用系统软件可靠性设计[J],微机发展,2003.8,P:77-79
[2]曾享麟,实施建筑采暖计量收费的建议,中国城镇供热协会技术委员会,2006.6
[3]刘光军,夏春,集中供热按户计量方式的探讨[J],应用能源技术,1998.9,P:36-37
[4]徐忠堂,城市供热计量收费势在必行[J],房材与应用,2000.2 P:9-15
[5]中华人民共和国建设部,CJ128-2000,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准,智能网络热量表,北京,中国计量出版社,2001.02.05
[6]郝斌.供热节能改革的国内外案例分析[J],中国建设信息供热制冷,2002.06 P:43-45
[7]蔡子亮.一种新型远程计量系统的集中抄表器设计及通信协议研究[J],继电器,2007.07,P:46-49
[8]董智勇.基于GPRS/GSM的小区电力智能抄表系统[J],中原工学院学报,2006.03.Vol.17,P:48-50
[9]齐秀波.具备多种通信方式的远程集中采集器[J],电测与仪表,2007.04.P:40-44
[10]张延龄.基于MSP430系列单片机热量表的设计[J],煤气与热力,2006.11,Vol.26P:57-59
[11]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理及应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004,11
[12]魏小龙,MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002/11
[13]李芳.热能表热量计算方法的研究[J],现代计量仪器与技术,2005.1,P:49-51
[14]濮红梅.热量及冷量表的热量(焓值)计量原理及计算,应用能源技术,2005.1,P:32-33
[15]Robert F B,Quartz capillary flow meter for gases,Review of Scientific Instruments,2004.Vol,75(3),P:772-779
[16]张学庆.流量测量的意义及流量传感器的现状[J],石油化工自动化,2005.5,P:99-101
[18]董素荣,舒华,张煜等.超声波检测涡流式空气流量传感器,汽车电器,2002.1,P:41-42
[19]路立平,鹿晓力,宋寅卯.电磁式流量传感器电路设计[J],仪表技术与传感器,2004.4, P:53-54
[20]刘永洪,蒋华,张帆.一种基于MSP430F413的智能IC卡智能网络热量表系统[J],电子技术,2003.6,P:54-57
[21]崔志尚.温度计量与测试[M],北京,中国计量出版社,1998,P:24-96
[22]A.I.Lisenkov,Concept of Measurements of Heat Energy in The Heat Supply Systems of Russia Measurement Techniques.Mechanical Measurements,2002,45(8)
[23]Schlumberger Beijing Office.Bible of Heat Metering and Billing-Experience from Eur-Ope,1998,11
[24]Faruk Mendi and Kurtulus Boran.Fuzzy controlled central heatingsystem.Intemational Journal of Energy Research,2002,26(15),P:1313-1322.
[25]王树众.基于MSP430系列单片机的智能Ic卡智能网络热量表电控系统设计[J],机电工程,2004.21(3)P:1-4
[26]李晶,陈白宁,龚民.居民小区自动计量系统中集中器的研究和设计[J],沈阳理工大学学报,2007.6,P:31-33
[27]宫召杰,郭忠文,马鸿洋等.基于GPRS的无线自组织网络远程计量系统[J],计算机应用研究,2006.4,P:187-189
[28]Chen Yin-kang,Li Xiang-yang,Xiao Jing.The Hardware Design of Concentrator for Wireless Intelligent Meter Reading System,Componets and Ic,2005.1 P:37-40
[29]MAXIM 1UA Supply-Current,True +3V to +5.RS-232 Transceivers with Auto Shutdown MAX3221,19-0306:Rev:10/03
[30]SP3481/SP3485 +3.3V low Power Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers with 10MbPs Data Rate,2003.6
[31]朱兆优.RS-485总线在远程自动计量系统中的应用[J],华东理工学院学报,2005.Vol,28(2),P:192-194
[32]MOCZAR G,CSUBAK T and VARADY P,Distributed Measurement System For Heat Metering and Controlling,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2002,Vol,51(4)P:691-694
[33]Keith Quiring,MSP430 software Coding TeChniques.Texas Instruments Application RePort SLAA294A,2006/8
[34]Application of Bootstrap Loader in MSP430 with Flash Hardware and Software Proposal(SLAA098)Application Report 2001.7
[35]BrummW.temperature sensor and calculation unit with the actual conditions in the consumer's installation.Femwwaerme Intermational,1982.2,P:4-7
[36]萧日嵘.关于智能网络热量表的检定方法[J],暖通空调.2001.5
[37]顾肇基译.GSM网络与GPRS[M],电子工业出版社,2001.1,P:222-259
[38]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2001.8,P:1-127
[39]金湘力.浅谈无线通信技术-GPRS技术[J],电力系统通信,2004.8,1-129
[40]业务特点及应用,黑龙江移动通信公司,2002.3,P:25-26
[41]张树兵等.Visual Basic 6.0中文版入门与提高[M].清华大学出版社,1998.P:3-13
[42]John W,Fronckowiak.Visual Basic 6数据库编程大全-Visual Basic 6 Database Programming[M],1999.P:4547
[43]朱焕立,胡健.提高单片机应用系统可靠性的设计技术[J].2003.7,P:47-49
[44]王军.单片机系统可靠性的研究与探索,舰船电子对抗[J].2003.26 P:5-42
[45]宿亚莉,王彤,许伟晔.浅谈单片机系统设计的可靠性[J].网络与计算机技术.2003.1,P:24-25
[46]郑蕾,郭伟,郝继飞.单片机应用系统软件可靠性设计[J],微机发展,2003.8,P:77-79