基于LBS的嵌入式地理信息系统引擎的开发
|
摘要
随着微电子技术、光电子技术的发展,信息技术发展己经进入移动时代,以掌上电脑(PDA)为代表的移动式计算系统日益普及。嵌入式GIS作为一个新兴的应用领域,是GIS与嵌入式硬件结合的一个产物,是原有GIS领域的分支与延伸、补充与发展。嵌入式GIS与PDA结合在林业领域中有很好的应用前景。
本论文的研究目的是利用正在迅速发展的嵌入式GIS技术,结合PDA产品,研究开发嵌入式地理信息系统引擎,开发引擎的空间显示、查询、简单的分析等功能,同时,利用该引擎开发了一个示例的森林资源二类调查嵌入式地理信息系统,该系统除了传统的地理信息常用功能外,更重要的是,它是一个移动的系统,能够使用户随时随地享受基于位置的服务。
本论文研究主要涉及计算机科学领域的嵌入式软件开发,组件开发、网络服务、数据库设计等技术和地理信息系统原理与数据组织方法、地图可视化、GPS定位等。论文首先分析了基于LBS的嵌入式地理信息系统的国内外研究现状、以及相关核心技术的特点,为嵌入式GIS引擎的开发提供了技术的指导,其次设计和开发了一个嵌入式GIS引擎和具体的功能实现,并利用本嵌入式引擎设计了一个森林资源二类调查的软件实例。最后分析了嵌入式引擎开发所面临的问题和对嵌入式引擎技术进行了总结和展望。
With the rapid development of microelectronics and photoelectron technologies, the development of computer has come into the mobile age. Mobile computing system represented by personal digital assistant (PDA) products has been used widely. Embedded GIS is a kind of newly developing application field. It's a production of the combination of GIS and newly developing embedded hardware. It is the extension, supplement and development of intrinsic GIS field. The combination of the Embedded GIS and PDA to the field of forestry will have a good future.
The purpose of the study in this article is to develop an Engine for GIS, called PocketGISEngine, based on PDA .The Engine integrates the Embedded GIS technology and Location based services and has satisfied the visualization, query and simple analysis of spatial information. At the same time, to develop an Embedded GIS demonstration System for Forest Resources Management Survey by the PocketGISEngine. It is more important that the system is in mobile environment and enables users to enjoy Location-based Service anytime and anywhere.
The research topic of the article involves computer science, such as embedded software developing, web services, database developing, location-based services, and the science of the surveying and mapping, such as the principle and data organization methods of geographic information system (GIS), the visualization of digital maps, location and navigation based on global positioning system (GPS).
At the beginning of the article, it analyzed the research progress, technology background, characteristic of the related core technology of the Embedded GIS based LBS. Then it brings forward the complete logical framework design and the principle of function realization for the PocketGISEngine; it also presents a software example for the Forest Resources Management Survey with PocketGISEngine. At last it summarized the factors of developing Embedded GIS and prospects the future with PocketGISEngine and development instance.
本论文的研究目的是利用正在迅速发展的嵌入式GIS技术,结合PDA产品,研究开发嵌入式地理信息系统引擎,开发引擎的空间显示、查询、简单的分析等功能,同时,利用该引擎开发了一个示例的森林资源二类调查嵌入式地理信息系统,该系统除了传统的地理信息常用功能外,更重要的是,它是一个移动的系统,能够使用户随时随地享受基于位置的服务。
本论文研究主要涉及计算机科学领域的嵌入式软件开发,组件开发、网络服务、数据库设计等技术和地理信息系统原理与数据组织方法、地图可视化、GPS定位等。论文首先分析了基于LBS的嵌入式地理信息系统的国内外研究现状、以及相关核心技术的特点,为嵌入式GIS引擎的开发提供了技术的指导,其次设计和开发了一个嵌入式GIS引擎和具体的功能实现,并利用本嵌入式引擎设计了一个森林资源二类调查的软件实例。最后分析了嵌入式引擎开发所面临的问题和对嵌入式引擎技术进行了总结和展望。
With the rapid development of microelectronics and photoelectron technologies, the development of computer has come into the mobile age. Mobile computing system represented by personal digital assistant (PDA) products has been used widely. Embedded GIS is a kind of newly developing application field. It's a production of the combination of GIS and newly developing embedded hardware. It is the extension, supplement and development of intrinsic GIS field. The combination of the Embedded GIS and PDA to the field of forestry will have a good future.
The purpose of the study in this article is to develop an Engine for GIS, called PocketGISEngine, based on PDA .The Engine integrates the Embedded GIS technology and Location based services and has satisfied the visualization, query and simple analysis of spatial information. At the same time, to develop an Embedded GIS demonstration System for Forest Resources Management Survey by the PocketGISEngine. It is more important that the system is in mobile environment and enables users to enjoy Location-based Service anytime and anywhere.
The research topic of the article involves computer science, such as embedded software developing, web services, database developing, location-based services, and the science of the surveying and mapping, such as the principle and data organization methods of geographic information system (GIS), the visualization of digital maps, location and navigation based on global positioning system (GPS).
At the beginning of the article, it analyzed the research progress, technology background, characteristic of the related core technology of the Embedded GIS based LBS. Then it brings forward the complete logical framework design and the principle of function realization for the PocketGISEngine; it also presents a software example for the Forest Resources Management Survey with PocketGISEngine. At last it summarized the factors of developing Embedded GIS and prospects the future with PocketGISEngine and development instance.
引文
[1]陈述彭等.地理信息系统导论[M],北京:科学出版社,2002:32-55
[2]方子岩.无线上网级Mobile GIS[J].铁路航测,2002(3)
[3]赵文斌等.基于移动计算的地理信息系统的发展研究及其应用前景[J].GIS技术,2003(1):31-35
[4]Mobile GIS[http://www.esri.com/software/arcGIS/about/mobile_GIS.html Last visited:2008-3-16]
[5]Learn how location intelligence can improve your organization's performance.[http://www.mapinfo.com/location/integration Last visited:2008-3-3]
[6]Autodesk Location Logic software[http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=123112&id=2774137 Last visited:2008-3-16]
[7]eSuperMap 5嵌入式GIS开发平台[http://www.supermap.com.cn /gb/products/esupermap.htm Last visited:2008-3-16]
[8]灵图软件-产品介绍[http://www.lingtu.com/index.php?id=149 Last visited:2008-3-16]
[9]慧图科技TopMap 6介绍[http://www.huitu.com.cn/huitu_topmap.asp Last visited:2008-3-16]
[10]周宏仁.展望21世纪的信息产业[J].沈阳市:网络与信息,1999(1):8
[11]Bret McLaughlin.WAP 2.0 Development.Que,March 7,2002
[12]Soo Mee Foo,Christopher Hoover,Wei Meng Lee.Dynamic WAP Application
[13]长征.位置服务系统的研究与实现[D].清华大学大学硕士学位论文.2004.6:1-8
[14]长征,李纬等.多种定位技术融合构建LBS体系[J].地理信息世界.2003(6):25-27
[15]周琳琳.基于空间位置信息服务平台(LBS)的实现研究[D].华东师范大学硕士论文2004.5
[16]罗文斌.基于位置服务的移动GIS关键技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.3;
[17]金辉.位置服务和移动定位技术研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2006.3
[18]刘大杰等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M],上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[19]李德仁.论RS,GPS和GIS集成的定义、理论与关键技术[N],遥感学报,1997.2:65-68
[20]Spatial Information Science,Technology And ITS Applications-RS,GPS,GIS,Their Integration and Applications,国际会议论文集[C],武汉:武汉科技大学地图出版社,ISPRS,1998
[21]李德仁.当前国际GIS的研究和应用现状.RS、GIS、GPS的集成与应用[M],北京:测绘出版社,1995,24-43
[22]Murakami,E.and D.P.Wagner.Comparison between computer-assisted self-interviewing using GPS with retrospective trip reporting using telephone interviews.Transportation,forthcoming.
[23]刘彦博,胡砚,马骐编著.Windows Mobile平台应用与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006-6-1,424-426
[24]熊志昂等.GPS技术与工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.4.1
[25]S.Faccin,Liangchi Hsu,R.Koodli,Khiem Le,and R.Purnadi,GPRS and IS-136Integration for Flexible Network and Services Evolution,IEEE Personal Communications,vol.6,no.3,48-54,June 1999.
[26]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,200l:89-104
[27]A.Gurtov,R.Ludwig.Evaluating the Eifel Algorithm for TCP in a GPRS network.Submitted to European Wireless,2002.
[28]WS-I delivers practical guidance[http://www.ws-i.org/last visited:2008-1-27]
[29]avid Chappell,Tyler Jewell.Using Java in Service-Oriented Architectures:Java Web Service[M].O'Reilly,2002
[30]raham.Steven等.用Java TM构建Web服务[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[31]闫锡洲.基于Web Service的分布式位置服务关键技术及其实践[D].吉林大学学位论文,2005.6:27-30
[32]孔婷,邬家炜,高云全.Web Services基本架构及关键技术[J].科技广场.2005,3:8-11
[33]Ashish Banerjee,Aravind Corera等.C#Web服务高级编程—使用.NET Remoting和ASP.NET创建Web服务[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[34]柴晓路.Web服务于开放互操作技术[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[35]V.Benjamins et al.IBROW3:An Intelligent Brokering Service for Knowledge-Component Reuse on the World Wide Web.In KAW'98,Banff,Canada
[36]avid Chappell,Tyler Jewell.Using Java in Service-Oriented Architectures:Java Web Service[M].O'Reilly,2002(29)
[37]吴慧中,王国中.基于windowsCE3.0的嵌入式系统开发[M].计算机与现代化,2002.7(2):31-350
[38]中国测控网.嵌入式系统定义和发展历史[EBO/L].http//article.ednchina.com /2006-08/200682111256.htm,2007(7)
[39]李佑军.嵌入式系统综述.现代电子科技,2003
[40]赵海.嵌入式Internet21世纪的一场信息技术革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001:30-50
[41]许海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:21-29
[42]星野友彦著,苏素编译.2001年处理器展望[M].电子计算机,1999,3:39-44
[43]探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M],北京:中国青年出版社,2002:15-26
[44]曹淑敏,孙立新著.第三代移动通信的概念及其影响[J].计算机与通信.1999,9:9-31
[45]田根,童小华,张锦.基于PDA的嵌入式GIS结构体系[J].测绘工程.2004,13(2):14-17
[46]张时煌,方裕.微型嵌入式GIS软件平台的重要意义及发展动态[J].中国图象图形学报.2001,6(9):90
[47]周克江.嵌入式移动数据库及其应用问题研究[J].湖南第一师范学报.2004(9),4(3)
[48]冯玉才,李东等,一种移动数据库管理系统的体系结构[J].计算机研究与发展,2001,5.620-624
[49]胡郁葱,徐建闽,钟慧玲等.基于GIS的高速公路数据库系统设计与实现.公路,2000.11:32-66
[50]张孝,王珊,杜小勇,嵌入式数据库处处留芳香[N].中国计算机报,2001.8.13
[51]刘刚,吕勇等.PDA模块开发[J].北京机械土业学报.2001,16(3):1
[52]汤志成,2003新型PDA概览[N].电子世界.2003,11:20-26
[53]曹淑敏,孙立新著.第三代移动通信的概念及其影响[J].计算机与通信.1999,9:9-13
[54]Engine[http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/engine.html last visited:2008-3-21]
[55]Lerner,R.2006.At the forge:Creating mashups.Linux J.2006,147(Jul.2006),10.
[56]ESRI Shapefile Technical Description,An ESRI White Paper—July 1999
[57]Yoshida,J:1996,Interactive games on Net,Electronic Engineering Times,Issue 898
[58]Google Web API for Processing by Tatsuya SAITO.[http://users.design.ucla.edu/～tatsuyas/tools/google/index.htm last visited:2008-2-5]
[59]浙江省质量技术监督局,浙江省森林资源规划设计调查规程,2007-06-07
[60]广东省林业调查规划院,二类调查与森林生态状况调查工作操作细则 2001
[61]Derekenaris,G.,J.Garofalakis,C.Makris,J.Prentzas,S.Sioutas,and A.Tsakalidis.2001.Integrating GIS,GPS and GSM technologies for the effective management of ambulances.Computer,Environment and Urban Systems 25:267-78.Ehlers,M.,M.Gahler,and R.Janowsky.
[62]ESRI(Environmental Systems Research Institute).2002.Using ArcPAD:ArcPAD 6.Redlands,California:ESRI Press.
[63]Kollock,P.1996.Design Principles for Online Communities.Harvard Conference on the Internet and Society.
[64]Glenn S.Iwerks and Hanan Samet:Integrating the natural environment into a GIS for decision support.In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems(ACM GIS'99),ACM Press,1999.
[65]Arunas Stockus,Alain Bouju and Patrice Boursier:Integrating GPS data within embedded Internet GIS.In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems(ACM GIS'99),ACM Press,1999.
[66]Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetter:Emerging mobile and wireless networks.Communications of the ACM 43(6):73-81(Jun.2000)
[67]Tomasz Imielinski and B.R.Badrinath:Mobile wireless computing-challenges in data management.Communications of the ACM 37(10):18-28(Oct.1994)
[68]G.Kollios,D.Gunopulos,and V.J.Tsotras.On Indexing Mobile Objects In Proceedings of the PODS Conference, 1999.
[69] J. Li, D. S. J. De Couto, H. I. Lee, and R. Morris. "Capacity of A d Hoc Wireless Networks." In Proc. 7th Ann. Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, pages 61-69, Rome, Italy, June 2001.
[70] J. Schiller. Mobile Communications. 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, London, 2003.
[71] Poslad, S., Laamanen, H., Malaka, R., Nick, A., Buckle, P., and Zipf, A. "CRUMPET: Creation of User-friendly Mobile Services Personalised for Tourism." 3G 2001, London.
[72] Schmidt-Belz, B., Makelainen, M., Nick, A., and Poslad, S. "Intelligent Brokering of Tourism Services for Mobile Users." ENTER 2002, Innsbruck.
[73] Short, M. (2000). "My generation. Third generation wireless mobile communication." Electronics and communication engineering Journal, 12(3).
[74] Zipf, A. "User-Adaptive Maps for Location-Based Services (LBS) for Tourism." ENTER 2002, Innsbruck, Austria.
[75] O. Etzioni and D. Weld. A softbot-based interface to the internet. JACM , July 1994.
[76] Curbera, F., Nagy, W. and Weerawarana, S. "Web Services: Why and How." Workshop on Object-Oriented Web Services - OOPSLA 2001, Tampa, Florida, USA, October 2001.
[77] Paolucci, M., Kawamura, T., Payne, T.R. and Sycara, K. "Semantic Matching of Web Services Capabilities." Forthcoming in Proceedings of the 1st International Semantic Web Conference, 2002.
[78] Cramblitt, B: 1999, Start your engines, Computer Graphics World, Vol. 22 Issue 6,
[2]方子岩.无线上网级Mobile GIS[J].铁路航测,2002(3)
[3]赵文斌等.基于移动计算的地理信息系统的发展研究及其应用前景[J].GIS技术,2003(1):31-35
[4]Mobile GIS[http://www.esri.com/software/arcGIS/about/mobile_GIS.html Last visited:2008-3-16]
[5]Learn how location intelligence can improve your organization's performance.[http://www.mapinfo.com/location/integration Last visited:2008-3-3]
[6]Autodesk Location Logic software[http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?siteID=123112&id=2774137 Last visited:2008-3-16]
[7]eSuperMap 5嵌入式GIS开发平台[http://www.supermap.com.cn /gb/products/esupermap.htm Last visited:2008-3-16]
[8]灵图软件-产品介绍[http://www.lingtu.com/index.php?id=149 Last visited:2008-3-16]
[9]慧图科技TopMap 6介绍[http://www.huitu.com.cn/huitu_topmap.asp Last visited:2008-3-16]
[10]周宏仁.展望21世纪的信息产业[J].沈阳市:网络与信息,1999(1):8
[11]Bret McLaughlin.WAP 2.0 Development.Que,March 7,2002
[12]Soo Mee Foo,Christopher Hoover,Wei Meng Lee.Dynamic WAP Application
[13]长征.位置服务系统的研究与实现[D].清华大学大学硕士学位论文.2004.6:1-8
[14]长征,李纬等.多种定位技术融合构建LBS体系[J].地理信息世界.2003(6):25-27
[15]周琳琳.基于空间位置信息服务平台(LBS)的实现研究[D].华东师范大学硕士论文2004.5
[16]罗文斌.基于位置服务的移动GIS关键技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.3;
[17]金辉.位置服务和移动定位技术研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2006.3
[18]刘大杰等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M],上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[19]李德仁.论RS,GPS和GIS集成的定义、理论与关键技术[N],遥感学报,1997.2:65-68
[20]Spatial Information Science,Technology And ITS Applications-RS,GPS,GIS,Their Integration and Applications,国际会议论文集[C],武汉:武汉科技大学地图出版社,ISPRS,1998
[21]李德仁.当前国际GIS的研究和应用现状.RS、GIS、GPS的集成与应用[M],北京:测绘出版社,1995,24-43
[22]Murakami,E.and D.P.Wagner.Comparison between computer-assisted self-interviewing using GPS with retrospective trip reporting using telephone interviews.Transportation,forthcoming.
[23]刘彦博,胡砚,马骐编著.Windows Mobile平台应用与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006-6-1,424-426
[24]熊志昂等.GPS技术与工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.4.1
[25]S.Faccin,Liangchi Hsu,R.Koodli,Khiem Le,and R.Purnadi,GPRS and IS-136Integration for Flexible Network and Services Evolution,IEEE Personal Communications,vol.6,no.3,48-54,June 1999.
[26]吕捷.GPRS技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,200l:89-104
[27]A.Gurtov,R.Ludwig.Evaluating the Eifel Algorithm for TCP in a GPRS network.Submitted to European Wireless,2002.
[28]WS-I delivers practical guidance[http://www.ws-i.org/last visited:2008-1-27]
[29]avid Chappell,Tyler Jewell.Using Java in Service-Oriented Architectures:Java Web Service[M].O'Reilly,2002
[30]raham.Steven等.用Java TM构建Web服务[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[31]闫锡洲.基于Web Service的分布式位置服务关键技术及其实践[D].吉林大学学位论文,2005.6:27-30
[32]孔婷,邬家炜,高云全.Web Services基本架构及关键技术[J].科技广场.2005,3:8-11
[33]Ashish Banerjee,Aravind Corera等.C#Web服务高级编程—使用.NET Remoting和ASP.NET创建Web服务[M].清华大学出版社,2002
[34]柴晓路.Web服务于开放互操作技术[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[35]V.Benjamins et al.IBROW3:An Intelligent Brokering Service for Knowledge-Component Reuse on the World Wide Web.In KAW'98,Banff,Canada
[36]avid Chappell,Tyler Jewell.Using Java in Service-Oriented Architectures:Java Web Service[M].O'Reilly,2002(29)
[37]吴慧中,王国中.基于windowsCE3.0的嵌入式系统开发[M].计算机与现代化,2002.7(2):31-350
[38]中国测控网.嵌入式系统定义和发展历史[EBO/L].http//article.ednchina.com /2006-08/200682111256.htm,2007(7)
[39]李佑军.嵌入式系统综述.现代电子科技,2003
[40]赵海.嵌入式Internet21世纪的一场信息技术革命[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001:30-50
[41]许海燕,付炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:21-29
[42]星野友彦著,苏素编译.2001年处理器展望[M].电子计算机,1999,3:39-44
[43]探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M],北京:中国青年出版社,2002:15-26
[44]曹淑敏,孙立新著.第三代移动通信的概念及其影响[J].计算机与通信.1999,9:9-31
[45]田根,童小华,张锦.基于PDA的嵌入式GIS结构体系[J].测绘工程.2004,13(2):14-17
[46]张时煌,方裕.微型嵌入式GIS软件平台的重要意义及发展动态[J].中国图象图形学报.2001,6(9):90
[47]周克江.嵌入式移动数据库及其应用问题研究[J].湖南第一师范学报.2004(9),4(3)
[48]冯玉才,李东等,一种移动数据库管理系统的体系结构[J].计算机研究与发展,2001,5.620-624
[49]胡郁葱,徐建闽,钟慧玲等.基于GIS的高速公路数据库系统设计与实现.公路,2000.11:32-66
[50]张孝,王珊,杜小勇,嵌入式数据库处处留芳香[N].中国计算机报,2001.8.13
[51]刘刚,吕勇等.PDA模块开发[J].北京机械土业学报.2001,16(3):1
[52]汤志成,2003新型PDA概览[N].电子世界.2003,11:20-26
[53]曹淑敏,孙立新著.第三代移动通信的概念及其影响[J].计算机与通信.1999,9:9-13
[54]Engine[http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/engine.html last visited:2008-3-21]
[55]Lerner,R.2006.At the forge:Creating mashups.Linux J.2006,147(Jul.2006),10.
[56]ESRI Shapefile Technical Description,An ESRI White Paper—July 1999
[57]Yoshida,J:1996,Interactive games on Net,Electronic Engineering Times,Issue 898
[58]Google Web API for Processing by Tatsuya SAITO.[http://users.design.ucla.edu/～tatsuyas/tools/google/index.htm last visited:2008-2-5]
[59]浙江省质量技术监督局,浙江省森林资源规划设计调查规程,2007-06-07
[60]广东省林业调查规划院,二类调查与森林生态状况调查工作操作细则 2001
[61]Derekenaris,G.,J.Garofalakis,C.Makris,J.Prentzas,S.Sioutas,and A.Tsakalidis.2001.Integrating GIS,GPS and GSM technologies for the effective management of ambulances.Computer,Environment and Urban Systems 25:267-78.Ehlers,M.,M.Gahler,and R.Janowsky.
[62]ESRI(Environmental Systems Research Institute).2002.Using ArcPAD:ArcPAD 6.Redlands,California:ESRI Press.
[63]Kollock,P.1996.Design Principles for Online Communities.Harvard Conference on the Internet and Society.
[64]Glenn S.Iwerks and Hanan Samet:Integrating the natural environment into a GIS for decision support.In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems(ACM GIS'99),ACM Press,1999.
[65]Arunas Stockus,Alain Bouju and Patrice Boursier:Integrating GPS data within embedded Internet GIS.In Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems(ACM GIS'99),ACM Press,1999.
[66]Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetter:Emerging mobile and wireless networks.Communications of the ACM 43(6):73-81(Jun.2000)
[67]Tomasz Imielinski and B.R.Badrinath:Mobile wireless computing-challenges in data management.Communications of the ACM 37(10):18-28(Oct.1994)
[68]G.Kollios,D.Gunopulos,and V.J.Tsotras.On Indexing Mobile Objects In Proceedings of the PODS Conference, 1999.
[69] J. Li, D. S. J. De Couto, H. I. Lee, and R. Morris. "Capacity of A d Hoc Wireless Networks." In Proc. 7th Ann. Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, pages 61-69, Rome, Italy, June 2001.
[70] J. Schiller. Mobile Communications. 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, London, 2003.
[71] Poslad, S., Laamanen, H., Malaka, R., Nick, A., Buckle, P., and Zipf, A. "CRUMPET: Creation of User-friendly Mobile Services Personalised for Tourism." 3G 2001, London.
[72] Schmidt-Belz, B., Makelainen, M., Nick, A., and Poslad, S. "Intelligent Brokering of Tourism Services for Mobile Users." ENTER 2002, Innsbruck.
[73] Short, M. (2000). "My generation. Third generation wireless mobile communication." Electronics and communication engineering Journal, 12(3).
[74] Zipf, A. "User-Adaptive Maps for Location-Based Services (LBS) for Tourism." ENTER 2002, Innsbruck, Austria.
[75] O. Etzioni and D. Weld. A softbot-based interface to the internet. JACM , July 1994.
[76] Curbera, F., Nagy, W. and Weerawarana, S. "Web Services: Why and How." Workshop on Object-Oriented Web Services - OOPSLA 2001, Tampa, Florida, USA, October 2001.
[77] Paolucci, M., Kawamura, T., Payne, T.R. and Sycara, K. "Semantic Matching of Web Services Capabilities." Forthcoming in Proceedings of the 1st International Semantic Web Conference, 2002.
[78] Cramblitt, B: 1999, Start your engines, Computer Graphics World, Vol. 22 Issue 6,