基于RAMSIS的轿车内部人机工程布置与分析
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文主要内容是根据人机工程学的理论和方法,以RAMSIS软件为支撑,利用中国人体模型在实际车型开发上进行车身总布置的应用。
     首先根据校核项目选取不同百分位的人体模型;然后将选定的人体模型根据环境数据以舒适坐姿摆放到合适位置,经过优化后选取合适的H点位置,校核座椅的调节范围是否满足要求;最后进行舒适性、居住性、伸及性、视野和安全带的分析。
     在分析完成后对不合理的地方提出改进意见,综合评价后应用于设计修改之中。并对设计的不足之处进行总结,用于后续开发设计之中。
Automotive body package is one of the most important work in concept design phase. It is an entire processed design work in the concept product phase.
     The main idea in car interior package is“around the human being”, the target is to make large room, comfort and good vision. It must achieve three harmonys around passenger, according to the basic content -body dimension, physiological configure characteristic and vision characteristic when begin package design. To the driver, in his comfortable posture, the package for body must be :
     1. harmonious arrangement for control parts ,to confirm the drive position
     2. harmonious room dimension ,to use the room efficiently
     3. harmonious between passenger and car ,to make the best vision
     In China, many productors use the old way to for passenger car design. Although some company have used CAD as hard ware, but most CAD softwares are not be used truely and efficiency. So a lot of manpower and material resources are wasted in car product trade. With the fast development in car production, software updating, cooperating all over the world and the hardworking of Chinese researcher, more and more ergonomics are applied appropriately. But it is not absolute about the regulation and description of ergonomics, whatever it is how detailed. Because if there is no limit for body room,it is no problem. But total dimensions must be under control. It is ambivalent to make large room for driver and passenger and feel comfortable. When they are conflicted, we must consider how to meet their requirements at the same time by adjusting other conditions. If it is impossible to meet their requirements at the same time , we must learn to choose the more important one. About the application of manikin for example, should we use different percentage manikins or same ones in different analysis course of comfort feeling. Which kind of manikin is better if we don’t use the same one? It depends on the experience that we accumulated during long time work and the right decision by analysis.
     RAMSIS has been the actual standard for ergonomics design in car product. It has been used by more than 70% passenger car manufacturer. But there little papers have been issued about how to use RAMSIS in car design. In this paper, we make the research in car interior package by RAMSIS manikin software. Using the Chinese manikin to design a new cockpit for Chinese passengers. We try to make more room, more comfort feeling for passengers and more competitive in market. The main content of this paper:
     1. The benefits and Advantages of RAMSIS
     1) Posture Assessment based probability
     RAMSIS make it possible that the user concept the task by himself to calculate body posture. He can use the task editor of RAMSIS to define such task as”put right hand on gear lever”,”put left foot on clutch pedal”,“look at the cluster”etc. Then, RAMSIS can calculate automaticly which posture should be use most possible to execute the task in this geometry circumstance by its optimize arithmetic. It is based upon driver experiments and user can add the data.
     2) Bodybuilder module
     There are different body dimensions for different production and aim user groups. RAMSIS Bodybuilder module can build different manikins and Anthropometric Editors. When these dimensions are changed, other body dimensions are changed according with the connections which are setting in database. The wrong body dimensions are prevented.
     3) 8 international body dimension databases include Chinese body.
     One of the characteristics of RAMSIS is the newest Chinese body dimension database. And Germany, USA, Canada, France, South America Japan, Korea and Mexico database.
     4) Structural Features
     Modular model structure;Wireframe, shaded and surface representation; Kinematically correct joint motion。
     2. passenger car interior package
     1) Good arrangements for buttons
     2) The way to selected seat position;
     3) passenger car interior packaging tools
     Eyellipse: The Eyellipse contours were developed by the statistical analysis of photogrammetric data of driver eye locations and represent a population mix, primarily of United States licensed drivers, with a male-to–female ratio of one-to-one. This recommended practice is based on an original study, involving drivers with a straight-ahead viewing task without head turning.
     Head contour: The head position contours were developed using data gathered from eye position studies and anthropometric data of the head. Mean top of head (including hair) and back of head (including hair) were determined relative to the eye from these studies and averaged. The mean front and side of head was determined relative to the eye from anthropometric data this information was used to develop a mean head profile in side and rear view referenced to the eye.
     Hand reach envelop: The description of driver hand control reach envelopes was developed using data acquired from test subjects performing reach tasks in test fixtures simulating a range of actual vehicle configurations. The test subjects included equal numbers of men and women selected to represent the driving population on the basis of stature and age, and were tested both with and without upper torso three-point restraint. This recommended practice describes boundaries of hand control locations that can be reached by desired proportions of different driver populations in passenger cars.
     4) Description of the way to use regulations Driver vision:Forward visibility for drivers and obstruction angles of A pillar according to GB11562-94《Motor vehicles– Forward visibility for drivers requirements and measurement methods》
     visual field of rear view mirror:location of rear-viewing mirrors or systems design and visual field of rear view mirror according to GB15084-94《Motor vehicles-Rear view mirrors requirements of performance and installation》
     anchorages area for seat belt:up and down of seatbelt anchorages field according to GB 14167-93《Motor vehicles-Safety belt anchorages》。
     3. Application course of RAMSIS in passenger car interior package
     1) Manikin choice:choose different percentage manikin according to verify item
     Example : room for head need 99 percentage man ;room for driver need 5 percentage woman
     2) Posture model:set the comfortable Posture when manikin in the seat and check the Seat Track Travel
     3) Posture Assessment:comfort Feeling for driver: compare the result of analysis and choose the best. armrest:Comfort Feeling analysis and room for operating .
     4) roominess:shoulder、head、leg roominess analysis
     5) reachability:
     Hand reachability:for the evaluation of object arrangements in a design geometry.
     Foot reachability: for the evaluation of pedals Others: rear-view mirror operation. glove box open.
     6) vision: Forward vision, visible area for cluster ,vision field for rearview mirrors
     7) Seat Belt Calculation:
     Analyzes the routing of a chest or lap belt over the manikin’s body between two geometry points representing a buckle and an attachment point calculate the length of seat belt
     During the research, I learned more knowledge about ergonomics and the way to use manikin software, accumulated some experience for passenger car design. Some result have been used actually, and some issues will be used for reference.
引文
1. 任金东 ,范子杰,黄金陵,数字人体模型技术及其在汽车人机工程设计中的应用综述,清华大学汽车工程系、吉林大学汽车学院,汽车工程,2006年 第7期 第28卷,P1-P2
    2. 占建云等,面向汽车布置设计的人体模型的研究,汽车技术,2002 年,NO.12,p23-25。
    3. 占建云,任金东,一种新型汽车布置设计的人体模型介绍,吉林大学汽车学院,汽车研究与开发,2002 年 第 4 期
    4. RAMSIS特征与优势 内部资料
    5. 任金东,车身布置方法研究和布置系统开发,吉林大学,博士学位论文,2003。
    6. 龚礼洲,基于知识的汽车车身总布置系统的研究与开发,吉林大学,博士学位论文,2000。
    7. 李国富,基于CATIA 的轿车驾驶员位置优化系统,吉林大学,硕士学位论文,2002年
    8. 温吾凡 汽车人体工程学 吉林科学技术出版社 1991 年8 月
    9. 郭竹亭 汽车车身设计 吉林科学技术出版社 1992年10月 第一版
    10. AMSIS User Guide Version 3.8 内部资料
    11. RAMSIS training_manual_RiCV5_2006 内部资料
    12. RAMSIS_Automotive 内部资料
    13. 吴海波、王凤艳、李炭 轿车总布置设计中人机工程应用的初步探讨 汽车技术 2004年 第2期
    14. 乐玉汉 轿车车身设计 北京高等教育出版社 2007年7月
    15. SAE J1100-2001 Motor Vehicle Dimensions
    16. SAE J826-2002 H-Point Machine and Design Tool Procedures and Specifications
    17. SAE J1516-1998, Accommodation Tool Reference Point
    18. SAE J1517-1998, Driver Selected seat position
    19. SAE J1163-1997 Determining Seat Index Point
    20. SAE J941-2002 Motor Vehicle Drivers’ Eye Locations
    21. SAE J1052-2002 Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position
    22. SAE J287-1988 Driver Hand Control Reach
    23. ISO 3958-1996,passenger car — driver hand-control reach
    24. SAE J1138-1999 Design Criteria— Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10 000 GVW and Under)
    25. SAE J1050-1994 Describing And Measuring the Driver's Field Of view
    26. GB11562-94 汽车驾驶员前方视野要求及测量方法
    27. 龚梦泽,基于CATIA 的轿车仪表板布置设计方法研究,吉林大学,硕士学位论文,2002年
    28. GB15084-94 汽车后视镜的性能和安装要求
    29. SAE J985-1995 Vision Factors Considerations In Rearview Mirror Design
    30. ECE R46-1998 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Rear- view Mirrors, And of Motor Vehicles with Regard to the Installation of Rear-view Mirrors
    31. SAE J383-1995 Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Anchorages—Design Recommendations
    32. SAE J384-1994 Motor vehicle seat belt anchorages—Test procedure
    33. SAE J385-1995 Motor vehicle seat belt anchorages. Performance requirements
    34. SAE J800-1994 Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Assymbly Installation
    35. GB 14167-93汽车安全带安装固定点
    36. GB10000-88-85 中国成年人人体尺寸。 北京:中国标准出版社
    37. SAE J833-1989 Human Physical Dimentions
    38. RAMSIS_at_BMW_V2 内部资料
    39. 周昊 RAMSIS眼点在汽车设计中的应用 汽车技术 2004年 第9期
    40. 李增勇,王成焘,驾驶疲劳与汽车人机工程学初探,上海交通大学,机械设计与制造工程,2001年9月, 第30卷, 第5期
    41. 马国忠,张学尽,汽车驾驶用座椅的抗疲劳人机工程设计,西南交通大学交通运输学院,西华大学交通与汽车工程学院,人类工效学,2004年9月,第10卷,第3期
    42. GB/T 1477-93 工作座椅一般人类工效学要求。北京:中国标准出版社,1994
    43. 朱炜昱,陈昌明,沈浩,RAMSIS在汽车人机工程学中的应用,同济大学汽车学院,中国科技信息,2007年,第8期
    44. 张冰,人机工程在汽车总布置设计中的应用,柳州五菱汽车有限责任公司技术中心,装备制造技术,2005年,第3期
    45. 廖琪梅 人体工程学在汽车车身设计中的应用 上海工程技术大学学报,2002年6月 第2期 第16卷
    46. 黄金陵,龚礼洲,葛安林,车身布置中H点的优化,吉林工业大学,汽车工程,2000年
    47. 柴春雷,基于驾驶姿势预测模型的人机工程设计技术研究,浙江大学,博士学位论文,2005年
    48. 任金东、葛安林、黄金陵 基于知识的汽车驾驶员座椅布置系统 汽车工程 2003年 第25卷 第3期
    49. 杨景周 ,张云清 ,陈立平 ,阿伯德尔一马乐克·卡瑞姆,系三点式安全带驾驶员手伸及界面分析,Center for Computer Aided Design,华中科技大学CAD中心,汽车工程,2005年,第27卷,第4期
    50. 吕景华 轿车人体工程设计的一般方法 汽车技术 2002年,第10期
    51. Using RAMSIS In Automotive Conception and Design at Audi 内部资料

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700