三氯氢硅清洁生产审核研究
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摘要
清洁生产是一种污染预防的先进理念,它涉及的泛围比较广泛,具体的实施方式也多种多样。围绕清洁生产“节能、降耗、减污、增效”的目的,各类组织(尤其是能耗高、物耗高、排污量大的生产企业)实施清洁生产最直接最有效的方法是进行清洁生产审核。2008年7月,环境保护部下发了《关于进步加强重点企业清洁生产审核工作的通知》标志着我国出台了相对全面的清洁生产法律、法规和制度。三氯氢硅用途广泛、前景良好,但其生产过程较为复杂,生产工艺流程长、设备多、物耗能耗高,且生产过程中涉及到许多有毒有害物质。在三氯氢硅生产行业实施清洁生产审核,有明显的环境效益并可以同步提高企业的经济效益和社会效益。
论文概述了清洁生产的概念、发展历程、国内外研究和应用现状；介绍了三氯氢硅的物化性质、主要用途、主要生产工艺。从实施清洁生产审核的七个阶段出发,以河南省某三氯氢硅生产企业的清洁生审核为研究对象,介绍了每个审核阶段要做的工作、所用的方法、取得的成果,主要内容如下：①详细介绍了审核阶段制定的工作计划和宣传教育工作②从清洁生产的八条途径入手全面调查和考察了企业现状③针对审核重点进行了物料实测、物料平衡、废物产生原因分析④说明了方案的筛选结果,以合成炉余热利用方案为例说明了研制方案的一般方法、内容、程序⑤以合成炉余热利用方案为例说明方案可行性分析的一般方法、程序⑥说明了方案的实施情况和实施效果⑦介绍了企业为使清洁生产工作持续进行下去而采取的一些方法,重点介绍了企业制定的持续清洁生产计划。
审核过程中共征集到清洁生产方案46项。其中,不可行方案2项；可行方案44项,已全部实施。企业原料硅粉利用率、三氯氢硅转化率均得到提高；单位产品蒸汽消耗由1.20t降低到1.06t,可节约蒸汽用量约5600t/a；单位产品硅渣排放量由13.1kg减少到5.55kg,可减少硅渣排放量约328t/a；厂区废水综合排放量由0.89t/t SiHC1_3减少到0.85t/t SiHC1_3,可减少废水排放量约1376g/a；单位产品电耗由200kwh降到195kwh,每年可节约用电量约1万度；此外,生产设备故障率降低,生产效率得到显著提高。
Cleaner production is an advanced concept of pollution prevention, which involves a wide range of Pan-Wai and a lot of implementation modalities. The purpose of the cleaner production is to save energy and material consumption, and reduce pollution emissions, and increase production efficiency, which decided that cleaner production audit is the most important way to carry out cleaner production, especially for those manufacturers which consume much energy and material, or emit a large number of wastes. To further strengthen the cleaner production audit in major enterprises, in July2008, Department of Environmental Protection issued a notice which indicates that China has introduced a relatively comprehensive regulation system on clean production. Although trichlorosilane has a wide range of uses and a good prospect, its production process including many devices, high material and energy consumption, is somewhat complicated. In addition, the production process also involves many toxic and hazardous substances. Conducting cleaner production audit in trichlorosilane producing industry could achieve tremendous environmental, economical and social benefits at the same time.
This thesis focuses on the cleaner production audit that a trichlorosilane producing enterprise in Henan Province has implemented, explores in which way the basic principles, ideas, and approaches of cleaner production audit could be used in the seven stages and35steps of the auditing process, and then summarizes the problems and suggestions encountered. The main content of the seven stages including work requirements, implementing methods, and auditing results, are as follows:①The first stage details the overall work plan and Training status of all staff;②The second stage conducts a comprehensive survey on the state of the enterprise through the eight directions of cleaner production audit;③About the key part of this auditing progress, the third stage checks the material conservation, and analyzes the reasons for waste producing.④The fourth stage describes the general approach, content, and procedures of program researching, based on one of the medium/high cost programs;⑤With an example which is the same as in stage four, the fifth stage illustrates the general approach of the feasibility analysis of medium/high cost programs;⑥The sixth stage introduces the implementing plans and results of all proposed programs;⑦The sixth stage elaborates the continuous cleaner production plan that the enterprise has formulated.
In the audit process,46schemes were put forward. Of all the schemes, two are unfeasible, and the others which are feasible were fully implemented. The enterprise that was audited has made a lot of benefits some of which are as follows:
The use efficiency of silicon and the conversion rate of trichlorosilane have both been improved.
Steam consumption of per unit of product has been reduced from1.20t to1.06t, saving about5600t of steam each year.
Silica residue emission of per unit of product has been reduced from13.1kg to5.55kg, which could lead to a decrease of328t/a in solid waste emission.
Plant wastewater emission of per unit of product has been reduced from0.89t/t SiHCl3to0.85t/t SiHCl_3, which could reduce about1376t wastewater volume each year.
Electricity consumption of per unit of product has dropped from200kWh to195kWh, which could reduce about10000kWh each year.
In addition, the equipment failure rate has been cut down, and the production efficiency has been significantly improved.
论文概述了清洁生产的概念、发展历程、国内外研究和应用现状；介绍了三氯氢硅的物化性质、主要用途、主要生产工艺。从实施清洁生产审核的七个阶段出发,以河南省某三氯氢硅生产企业的清洁生审核为研究对象,介绍了每个审核阶段要做的工作、所用的方法、取得的成果,主要内容如下：①详细介绍了审核阶段制定的工作计划和宣传教育工作②从清洁生产的八条途径入手全面调查和考察了企业现状③针对审核重点进行了物料实测、物料平衡、废物产生原因分析④说明了方案的筛选结果,以合成炉余热利用方案为例说明了研制方案的一般方法、内容、程序⑤以合成炉余热利用方案为例说明方案可行性分析的一般方法、程序⑥说明了方案的实施情况和实施效果⑦介绍了企业为使清洁生产工作持续进行下去而采取的一些方法,重点介绍了企业制定的持续清洁生产计划。
审核过程中共征集到清洁生产方案46项。其中,不可行方案2项；可行方案44项,已全部实施。企业原料硅粉利用率、三氯氢硅转化率均得到提高；单位产品蒸汽消耗由1.20t降低到1.06t,可节约蒸汽用量约5600t/a；单位产品硅渣排放量由13.1kg减少到5.55kg,可减少硅渣排放量约328t/a；厂区废水综合排放量由0.89t/t SiHC1_3减少到0.85t/t SiHC1_3,可减少废水排放量约1376g/a；单位产品电耗由200kwh降到195kwh,每年可节约用电量约1万度；此外,生产设备故障率降低,生产效率得到显著提高。
Cleaner production is an advanced concept of pollution prevention, which involves a wide range of Pan-Wai and a lot of implementation modalities. The purpose of the cleaner production is to save energy and material consumption, and reduce pollution emissions, and increase production efficiency, which decided that cleaner production audit is the most important way to carry out cleaner production, especially for those manufacturers which consume much energy and material, or emit a large number of wastes. To further strengthen the cleaner production audit in major enterprises, in July2008, Department of Environmental Protection issued a notice which indicates that China has introduced a relatively comprehensive regulation system on clean production. Although trichlorosilane has a wide range of uses and a good prospect, its production process including many devices, high material and energy consumption, is somewhat complicated. In addition, the production process also involves many toxic and hazardous substances. Conducting cleaner production audit in trichlorosilane producing industry could achieve tremendous environmental, economical and social benefits at the same time.
This thesis focuses on the cleaner production audit that a trichlorosilane producing enterprise in Henan Province has implemented, explores in which way the basic principles, ideas, and approaches of cleaner production audit could be used in the seven stages and35steps of the auditing process, and then summarizes the problems and suggestions encountered. The main content of the seven stages including work requirements, implementing methods, and auditing results, are as follows:①The first stage details the overall work plan and Training status of all staff;②The second stage conducts a comprehensive survey on the state of the enterprise through the eight directions of cleaner production audit;③About the key part of this auditing progress, the third stage checks the material conservation, and analyzes the reasons for waste producing.④The fourth stage describes the general approach, content, and procedures of program researching, based on one of the medium/high cost programs;⑤With an example which is the same as in stage four, the fifth stage illustrates the general approach of the feasibility analysis of medium/high cost programs;⑥The sixth stage introduces the implementing plans and results of all proposed programs;⑦The sixth stage elaborates the continuous cleaner production plan that the enterprise has formulated.
In the audit process,46schemes were put forward. Of all the schemes, two are unfeasible, and the others which are feasible were fully implemented. The enterprise that was audited has made a lot of benefits some of which are as follows:
The use efficiency of silicon and the conversion rate of trichlorosilane have both been improved.
Steam consumption of per unit of product has been reduced from1.20t to1.06t, saving about5600t of steam each year.
Silica residue emission of per unit of product has been reduced from13.1kg to5.55kg, which could lead to a decrease of328t/a in solid waste emission.
Plant wastewater emission of per unit of product has been reduced from0.89t/t SiHCl3to0.85t/t SiHCl_3, which could reduce about1376t wastewater volume each year.
Electricity consumption of per unit of product has dropped from200kWh to195kWh, which could reduce about10000kWh each year.
In addition, the equipment failure rate has been cut down, and the production efficiency has been significantly improved.
引文
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[3]刘颖辉.“末端治理”和“清洁生产”[J].中国环保产业CEPI,2002：14-15
[4]Ken Geiser.清洁生产观点2：把清洁生产纳入可持续性战略[J].UNEP产业与环境,2002,24(1-2)：33-35
[5]李杰.全国人民代表大会常务委员会执法检查组关于检查《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》实施情况的报告[EB/OL].2010.http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2010-08/28/content_l593335.htm
[6]涂瑞和.联合国环境规划署与清洁生产[J].UNEPU产业与环境,增刊,2003：19
[7]石芝玲,侯晓眠,包景岭.清洁生产理论基础[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004,17(3)：38-39、42
[8]李海涛.循环经济：一种新的发展观[J].合肥学院学报(自然科学版),2004,14(3)：57-60
[9]陈方,肖天存,宋新荣.清洁生产方法与环境影响评价制度结合初探[J].山东环境,1998,(1)：10-11
[10]赵欣.浅谈清洁生产与末端治理[J].邯郸职业技术学院学报,2003,16(1)：57-58
[11]王守兰,武少华,万融.清洁生产理论与实务[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.22-83
[12]孙鸿烈,横山长之.清洁生产与持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,1995,(4)： 311-315
[13]贾荣畅.钛白粉工业清洁生产工艺技术[D].[硕士学位论文].济南：山东大学,2009
[14]赵炳帅,杨海平.清洁生产主要技木工具简介[J].资源与发展,2006,(3)：31-37
[15]柯章勇.积极推行环境管理体系认证,促进环境和社会和谐发展[C].编者不详.国际标准化组织环境管理标准化技术委员会(ISO/TC207)第十四届年会暨“绿色奥运清洁发展”主题论坛论文集.北京：出版者不详,2007：86-90
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