黄海南部春季蓝点马鲛和银鲳渔场海洋学特征与渔场分布
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摘要
本文以国家973项目“中国东部陆架边缘海海洋物理环境演变及其环境效应”-第六子课题“典型水域生物多样性及渔场动态对海洋物理环境演变的响应”调查资料和历史资料为基础,结合中国海洋大学遥感研究所卫星地面站提供的卫星遥感水温数据,利用遥感软件IDL、Surfer,对调查数据进行渔获量点分布和温度等值线分析处理。分析了黄海南部水域渔业海洋学特征、蓝点马鲛和银鲳的生物学特征、洄游行为、资源分布等情况及其与渔场形成、渔期更迭关系。文中着重分析了2006年与2007年春季水温变化对蓝点马鲛和银鲳的渔场、渔期分布的影响。得出以下结论:
1.在黄海南部调查范围内,蓝点马鲛的主要渔获区域在122°00′-124°00′E,32°00′-34°00′N,银鲳的主要渔获区域为121°30′-123°30′E,32°30′-34°30′N。
2.黄海南部春季蓝点马鲛渔汛一般在4月中旬开始,在5月初产量达到高峰,盛期一直可以持续到5月中旬,最后到5月下旬渔汛结束。银鲳渔汛一般从4月下旬开始,产量高峰出现在5月上旬后半段,盛期一直可以持续到5月中旬,最后到5月底渔汛结束。
3.水温的分布是渔场内蓝点马鲛和银鲳中心渔场分布和位置变动的重要影响因子,其中对蓝点马鲛的影响尤为明显,10℃等温线的分布是南黄海蓝点马鲛鱼群分布和渔场形成的重要阈值。
本文同时阐述了我国及世界渔业的发展和现状,叙述了渔场渔情分析的概念和技术方法及其发展和应用情况。初步总结了海洋卫星遥感技术的发展及其在海洋渔业方面上的应用,结合我国应用遥感服务渔业的实例,论述了我国利用海洋遥感技术对渔业进行渔情分析和信息服务的研究及其特点。
同时研究了黄海南部吕泗渔场和大沙渔场的自然地理概况和水文概况(包括流系特征,潮汐,水团等),为黄海南部春季蓝点马鲛和银鲳的渔场预报提供理论依据和技术支持。
Based on the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program):“The response of biodiversity and fishing ground dynamics to the marine physical environmental evolution in typical waters”, using available survey data in the spring 2006 and 2007, also with the historical material and satellite remote sensing date provided by the Ocean Unversity of China Remote Sensing Institute, the fishery oceanography of the Southern Yellow Sea is studied for understanding the migratory behavior and the distribution of Scomberomorus niphonius and Pampus argenteus. This study puts emphasis on the influence of SST on the distribution of fishing grounds in the spring 2006 and 2007.
The results are as follows:
1.In the southern Yellow Sea, the S.niphonius fishing yield is high in the area of 122°00′-124°00′E, 32°00′-34°00′N.The P.argenteus fishing yield is high in the area of 121°30′-123°30′E,32°30′-34°30′N.
2.The fishing season of S.niphonius usually starts in the middle of April in the Southern Yellow Sea, and the peak amount of it occurs in early May. The peak time could last about half a mouth, and in the late May the fishing season finishes. The fishing season of P.argenteus usually starts later than S.niphonius. It starts at the end of April, and the peak amount occurs at about May 10. The peak time can last about 10 days, and the fishing season finishes at the end of May.
3.The sea surface temperature plays an important part in the distribution of S.niphonius and P.argenteus, especially to S.niphonius. Study results on SST show that the 10℃isotherm is the ideal fishing season indication as it well matched best the fishing season's start.
Additionally, this study explains on the development of fishery in China and the whole world. The information of fishing ground analysis and fishing condition forecasting are illustrated. Satellite remote sensing technology at the application of fishery is expatiated too.
The characteristics and functions of two important fishing grounds: Dasha and Lvsi in the Southern Yellow Sea are discussed for providing basic data for fishing forecast.
1.在黄海南部调查范围内,蓝点马鲛的主要渔获区域在122°00′-124°00′E,32°00′-34°00′N,银鲳的主要渔获区域为121°30′-123°30′E,32°30′-34°30′N。
2.黄海南部春季蓝点马鲛渔汛一般在4月中旬开始,在5月初产量达到高峰,盛期一直可以持续到5月中旬,最后到5月下旬渔汛结束。银鲳渔汛一般从4月下旬开始,产量高峰出现在5月上旬后半段,盛期一直可以持续到5月中旬,最后到5月底渔汛结束。
3.水温的分布是渔场内蓝点马鲛和银鲳中心渔场分布和位置变动的重要影响因子,其中对蓝点马鲛的影响尤为明显,10℃等温线的分布是南黄海蓝点马鲛鱼群分布和渔场形成的重要阈值。
本文同时阐述了我国及世界渔业的发展和现状,叙述了渔场渔情分析的概念和技术方法及其发展和应用情况。初步总结了海洋卫星遥感技术的发展及其在海洋渔业方面上的应用,结合我国应用遥感服务渔业的实例,论述了我国利用海洋遥感技术对渔业进行渔情分析和信息服务的研究及其特点。
同时研究了黄海南部吕泗渔场和大沙渔场的自然地理概况和水文概况(包括流系特征,潮汐,水团等),为黄海南部春季蓝点马鲛和银鲳的渔场预报提供理论依据和技术支持。
Based on the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program):“The response of biodiversity and fishing ground dynamics to the marine physical environmental evolution in typical waters”, using available survey data in the spring 2006 and 2007, also with the historical material and satellite remote sensing date provided by the Ocean Unversity of China Remote Sensing Institute, the fishery oceanography of the Southern Yellow Sea is studied for understanding the migratory behavior and the distribution of Scomberomorus niphonius and Pampus argenteus. This study puts emphasis on the influence of SST on the distribution of fishing grounds in the spring 2006 and 2007.
The results are as follows:
1.In the southern Yellow Sea, the S.niphonius fishing yield is high in the area of 122°00′-124°00′E, 32°00′-34°00′N.The P.argenteus fishing yield is high in the area of 121°30′-123°30′E,32°30′-34°30′N.
2.The fishing season of S.niphonius usually starts in the middle of April in the Southern Yellow Sea, and the peak amount of it occurs in early May. The peak time could last about half a mouth, and in the late May the fishing season finishes. The fishing season of P.argenteus usually starts later than S.niphonius. It starts at the end of April, and the peak amount occurs at about May 10. The peak time can last about 10 days, and the fishing season finishes at the end of May.
3.The sea surface temperature plays an important part in the distribution of S.niphonius and P.argenteus, especially to S.niphonius. Study results on SST show that the 10℃isotherm is the ideal fishing season indication as it well matched best the fishing season's start.
Additionally, this study explains on the development of fishery in China and the whole world. The information of fishing ground analysis and fishing condition forecasting are illustrated. Satellite remote sensing technology at the application of fishery is expatiated too.
The characteristics and functions of two important fishing grounds: Dasha and Lvsi in the Southern Yellow Sea are discussed for providing basic data for fishing forecast.
引文
[1] FAO.2002年世界渔业和水产养殖状况.联合国粮农组织,罗马,2002
[2]中国水产科学研究院科技情报研究所主编.国外渔业概况,科学出版社,1991
[3]邓景耀,赵传胭.海洋渔业生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[4]张春霖,成庆泰,郑葆珊,等.黄渤海鱼类调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1955
[5]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963
[6]唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990
[7]程家骅,张秋华,李圣法,等.东黄海渔业资源利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006
[8]刘勇,李圣法,程家骅.东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究.海洋学报.2006,28(4):108~114
[9]宇田道隆.海洋渔场学.恒星社厚生阁发行所,昭和35年,1963
[10]费鸿年,张诗全.水产资源学.中国科学技术出版社,1990
[11]邓景耀,叶昌臣.渔业资源学.重庆出版社,2001.145~170
[12]莫秦生.渔业遥感简介.遥感信息,1989(4):34~36
[13] M.J.A.Butler, M.C.Mouchot, V.Barale, C.LeBlanc. The application of remote sensing technology to marine fisheries: an introductory manual. FAO fisheries technical paper 295, Rome,1988
[14] I.Yamanaka, S.Ito & K.Niwa. The fishieries forecasting system in Japan for coastal pelagic fish. FAO fisheries technical paper 301,Rome,1988
[15] Geoffery J. Meaden & Thang Do Chi. Geographical information system applications to marine fisheries. FAO fisheries technical paper 356,Rome,1996
[16]苏奋振,刘宝银.3S空间信息技术在海洋渔业研究与管理中的应用.上海水产大学学报.2002,11(3):277~282
[17]杜云艳,周成虎,崔海燕,等.遥感与GIS支持下的海洋渔业空间分布研究一以东海为例.海洋学报,2002,24(5):57~63
[18]沈新强,樊伟,韩士鑫,等.中心渔场智能预报系统的设计与实现明.中国水产科学,2000(2):69~72
[19] Machinson S. An adaptive expert system for predicting structure , dynamics anddistribution of herring shoals[J]. Ecological Modeling,2000(126):155-178
[20] Sazanova L, Osipov q Godovnikov M. Intelligent system for fish stock prediction and allowable catch evaluation[J]. Environment Modeling&Software ,1999(14):391-399
[21] Kemmerer,A.J.,Benigno,J.A.,Reese,G.B.,Minkler,F.C.,1974.Summary of selected early results from the ERST-1 menhaden experiment. Fish ,Bull.72(2),375-389
[22] A.Miguel,P.Santos. Fisheries oceanography using satellite and airborne remote sensing methods: a review. Fisheries Research,49(2000):1~20
[23] R.M.Laurs & J.J.Polovina.Satellite Remote Sensing: An important tool in fisheries oceanography. Fisheries oceanography: an integrative approach to fisheries ecology and management 2001 Blackwell science Ltd.146-160
[24]韩士鑫.我国渔业遥感现状与发展趋势.现代渔业信息,1992,7(2):5~8
[25]韩士鑫,刘树勋.海渔况速报图的应用.海洋渔业,1993,15(2):78~80
[26]许耀亮.遥感技术在渔业中的应用及展望.海洋与海岸带开发,1992,9(4):74-75
[27]郑新江,范天锡.气象卫星在海洋渔业遥感中的应用.中国航天,1997(3):3-4
[28]王立华,黄其泉.3S技术在渔业领域的应用及前景展望.计算机与农业,2002(l2):3-5
[29]苏奋振,周成虎,刘宝银,等.基于海洋要素时空配置的渔场形成机制发现模型和应用,海洋学报,2002,24(5):46-56
[30]韦晟.海洋渔业生物学.北京:农业出版社,1991,357-359
[31]农业部水产局编.黄渤海区渔业资源调查与区划.海洋出版社.1990
[32]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅,等.东海区渔业资源调查与区划.华东师范大学出版社,1987
[33]邱盛尧.黄渤海蓝点马鲛资源数量变动的研究现代渔业信息,1995,10(3):16-19
[34]陈新军主编.渔业资源与渔场学.北京:海洋出版社,2004,255
[35]农业部水产局编.黄渤海区渔业资源调查与区划,1990
[36]农业部水产局发行.全国水产统计年报,2002
[37]张启龙,翁学传,杨玉玲.南黄海春季水团分析.海洋与湖沼,1996,24(4):422
[38]毕庶万,杨雪舫.春汛黄、渤海鲅鱼流刺网渔场渔期调查研究.海洋学报,1986,8(5):658-659
[39]王凡,许炯心.长江,黄河口及邻近海域浅海相互作用若干主要问题.海洋出版社,2004,1-231
[40]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅等.东海大陆架生物资源与环境.上海科学技术出版社,2003,1-835
[41]《东海区带鱼资源论文集》编辑组.东海区带鱼资源调查.渔情预报和渔业管理论文集, 1985,1—217
[42]韦晟.蓝点马鲛黄渤海渔场渔期与环境的关系,海洋与湖沼通报. 1980,(2):34-39
[43]黄鸿年,张诗金.水产资源学.中国科学技术出版社.1990,1-650
[2]中国水产科学研究院科技情报研究所主编.国外渔业概况,科学出版社,1991
[3]邓景耀,赵传胭.海洋渔业生物学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[4]张春霖,成庆泰,郑葆珊,等.黄渤海鱼类调查报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1955
[5]朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰,等.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963
[6]唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990
[7]程家骅,张秋华,李圣法,等.东黄海渔业资源利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006
[8]刘勇,李圣法,程家骅.东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究.海洋学报.2006,28(4):108~114
[9]宇田道隆.海洋渔场学.恒星社厚生阁发行所,昭和35年,1963
[10]费鸿年,张诗全.水产资源学.中国科学技术出版社,1990
[11]邓景耀,叶昌臣.渔业资源学.重庆出版社,2001.145~170
[12]莫秦生.渔业遥感简介.遥感信息,1989(4):34~36
[13] M.J.A.Butler, M.C.Mouchot, V.Barale, C.LeBlanc. The application of remote sensing technology to marine fisheries: an introductory manual. FAO fisheries technical paper 295, Rome,1988
[14] I.Yamanaka, S.Ito & K.Niwa. The fishieries forecasting system in Japan for coastal pelagic fish. FAO fisheries technical paper 301,Rome,1988
[15] Geoffery J. Meaden & Thang Do Chi. Geographical information system applications to marine fisheries. FAO fisheries technical paper 356,Rome,1996
[16]苏奋振,刘宝银.3S空间信息技术在海洋渔业研究与管理中的应用.上海水产大学学报.2002,11(3):277~282
[17]杜云艳,周成虎,崔海燕,等.遥感与GIS支持下的海洋渔业空间分布研究一以东海为例.海洋学报,2002,24(5):57~63
[18]沈新强,樊伟,韩士鑫,等.中心渔场智能预报系统的设计与实现明.中国水产科学,2000(2):69~72
[19] Machinson S. An adaptive expert system for predicting structure , dynamics anddistribution of herring shoals[J]. Ecological Modeling,2000(126):155-178
[20] Sazanova L, Osipov q Godovnikov M. Intelligent system for fish stock prediction and allowable catch evaluation[J]. Environment Modeling&Software ,1999(14):391-399
[21] Kemmerer,A.J.,Benigno,J.A.,Reese,G.B.,Minkler,F.C.,1974.Summary of selected early results from the ERST-1 menhaden experiment. Fish ,Bull.72(2),375-389
[22] A.Miguel,P.Santos. Fisheries oceanography using satellite and airborne remote sensing methods: a review. Fisheries Research,49(2000):1~20
[23] R.M.Laurs & J.J.Polovina.Satellite Remote Sensing: An important tool in fisheries oceanography. Fisheries oceanography: an integrative approach to fisheries ecology and management 2001 Blackwell science Ltd.146-160
[24]韩士鑫.我国渔业遥感现状与发展趋势.现代渔业信息,1992,7(2):5~8
[25]韩士鑫,刘树勋.海渔况速报图的应用.海洋渔业,1993,15(2):78~80
[26]许耀亮.遥感技术在渔业中的应用及展望.海洋与海岸带开发,1992,9(4):74-75
[27]郑新江,范天锡.气象卫星在海洋渔业遥感中的应用.中国航天,1997(3):3-4
[28]王立华,黄其泉.3S技术在渔业领域的应用及前景展望.计算机与农业,2002(l2):3-5
[29]苏奋振,周成虎,刘宝银,等.基于海洋要素时空配置的渔场形成机制发现模型和应用,海洋学报,2002,24(5):46-56
[30]韦晟.海洋渔业生物学.北京:农业出版社,1991,357-359
[31]农业部水产局编.黄渤海区渔业资源调查与区划.海洋出版社.1990
[32]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅,等.东海区渔业资源调查与区划.华东师范大学出版社,1987
[33]邱盛尧.黄渤海蓝点马鲛资源数量变动的研究现代渔业信息,1995,10(3):16-19
[34]陈新军主编.渔业资源与渔场学.北京:海洋出版社,2004,255
[35]农业部水产局编.黄渤海区渔业资源调查与区划,1990
[36]农业部水产局发行.全国水产统计年报,2002
[37]张启龙,翁学传,杨玉玲.南黄海春季水团分析.海洋与湖沼,1996,24(4):422
[38]毕庶万,杨雪舫.春汛黄、渤海鲅鱼流刺网渔场渔期调查研究.海洋学报,1986,8(5):658-659
[39]王凡,许炯心.长江,黄河口及邻近海域浅海相互作用若干主要问题.海洋出版社,2004,1-231
[40]郑元甲,陈雪忠,程家骅等.东海大陆架生物资源与环境.上海科学技术出版社,2003,1-835
[41]《东海区带鱼资源论文集》编辑组.东海区带鱼资源调查.渔情预报和渔业管理论文集, 1985,1—217
[42]韦晟.蓝点马鲛黄渤海渔场渔期与环境的关系,海洋与湖沼通报. 1980,(2):34-39
[43]黄鸿年,张诗金.水产资源学.中国科学技术出版社.1990,1-650