黄海区鳗鱼笼渔具选择性研究
摘要
渔具选择性即特定的渔具仅捕捞具有一定生物学特征的鱼类的特性。渔具选择性是渔具与被捕捞对象相互作用所得到的结果。在渔业上,渔具选择性的应用较为广泛(如在资源管理、资源评估、副渔获物分离上都有广泛的应用),所以渔具选择性越来越受到相关部门的重视。众所周知我国渔业资源总体上已经充分利用,因此必须采取有力措施保护岌岌可危的渔业资源,以促进其可持续发展。要保护渔业资源就要开展渔具选择性研究,因为渔业捕捞离不开作业渔具,只有开发、并推广使用高选择性的、环境友好的、生态的渔具才能从根本上达到保护渔业资源的目的。正是由于渔具选择性的重要性,国内外开展了一系列的、大量的选择性研究。这些研究工作为渔业资源的保护和合理利用提供了基础资料和科学指导。同时,应该注意到国内的渔具选择性研究跟国外相比还有一段差距,主要表现为国内的渔具选择性研究起步晚、而且研究工作仅集中于一些拖网、定置网之类的大型传统渔具上,对于一些小型渔具、群众渔业的渔具选择性研究相关报道还很少。
鳗鱼笼渔业(捕捞对象为星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster))是我国黄海区一种重要的群众渔业。为了充分掌握鳗鱼笼对捕捞对象的选择性、为制定相关的渔业管理政策提供基础数据和科学依据,很有必要开展黄海区鳗鱼笼选择性研究。本文围绕星康吉鳗的生物学特征及渔业状况、渔具选择性研究方法、国内外研究现状、鳗鱼笼网目选择性、鳗鱼笼出水孔选择性等方面作了相关的尝试,以期为我国黄海区星康吉鳗资源的合理利用积累一些资料和数据。
本文主要由六章组成,第1、2章侧重于星康吉鳗生物学特征和渔具选择性等相关理论研究,第3章为国内外鳗鱼笼选择性研究现状,第4、5章为鳗鱼笼渔具选择性研究实验,第6章为全文的总结和展望。
第4章模拟套网法实验获得星康吉鳗的生物学特征参数,使用Logistic曲线作为选择性的数学分析模型,求得星康吉鳗关于不同网目尺寸笼网的体长选择性曲线,用极大似然估算法对选择性参数进行估算,为制定星康吉鳗的最小网目尺寸积累一些基础数据和资料。实验结果表明:笼网目尺寸分别为33 mm、40 mm、55 mm,星康吉鳗体长分别为l∈(0,39 cm)、l∈(0,42 cm)、l∈(0,48 cm)时,星康吉鳗的选择率为0;笼网目尺寸分别为26 mm,33 mm,40 mm,星康吉鳗体长分别为l≥48 cm、l≥60 cm、l≥66 cm时,选择率达到100%;笼网目尺寸为55 mm时,星康吉鳗的选择率最大值仅为50%;笼网目尺寸为26 mm、33 mm、40 mm、55 mm时,星康吉鳗的50%选择体长(L50)分别为:40.083、48.212、55.874、66.500 cm;星康吉鳗的选择范围(SR)分别为:5.419、11.578、14.354、18.000 cm;星康吉鳗的选择系数(SF)分别为:1.542、1.461、1.397、1.209。比较实验结果发现:随着笼网网目尺寸的不断增大,星康吉鳗的L50、SR逐渐增大,而SF则逐渐递减小。
第5章运用比较作业法对出水孔直径分别为8、15、18、20、22 mm的鳗鱼笼的选择性进行研究。用SELECT(Share Each Length’s Catch Total)选择性模型估算选择性参数,使用似然估计测试和AIC (Akaike s Information Criterion)值判断并选择较优选择性模型,并用由Logistic模型模拟实验数据获得选择性曲线。实验结果表明:估计分隔模型较优并将其作为研究所用模型;当出水孔直径分别为15 mm、18 mm、20 mm、22 mm时,星康吉鳗的50%选择体长(L50)分别为28.26、33.35、39.31和47.30 cm。同时,实验结果还表明出水孔直径为18 mm的鳗鱼笼在保护星康吉鳗渔业资源方面效果较好
第6章根据相关理论和实验研究结果对全文进行一个总结,并对今后相关研究工作提出一些展望和建议。
The gear selectivity, which is the result of the interaction between the gear and the fish, means that the given gear catches the fish with the given biological features only. As the gear selectivity can be widely used in fisheries resources management, fishery stock assessment and the separation of by-catch, the fishery administrative authorities pay great attention on it. Fishery management measures must be made, because the fisheries resources have been fully exploited on the whole in China. To protect the fishery resource, the first step is to study the selectivity of fishing gear. Because there will be no fisheries without fishing gear. Only by using the fishing gear with high selectivity, environmentally friendly and ecology, can the purpose of protecting fisheries resources be made. As the gear selectivity is of great importance, a series of selective researches have been made in the whole world. These researches provide a lot of scientific data and material for protecting the fisheries resources. Meanwhile, we should notice that the selective researches in our country are not as good as other developed countries’. Our researches just only focus on some large and traditional fishing gears, such as trawl and set-net. There is few researches about some small fishing gear, especially the fishing gear used in some small scale fishery, been reported in our country.
Cage (or pot) fishery for white spotted conger (Conger myriaster) is an important fishery in the Yellow Sea of China. To establish the fishery management and protect fishery, there is an increasingly need to study the selectivity of cage in the Yellow Sea. Surrounding the object of protecting the resource of white-spotted conger, this paper studied the biology of white-spotted conger, the methods of analyzing the gear selectivity, the relative and similar researches in the world, and the mesh size selectivity of white-spotted conger pot and the size selectivity of escape hole of the tube trap, respectively.
This paper is consisted of six chapters according to the theories and experiments. The first and second chapters mainly focus on the biology of white-spotted conger and the theories of selective researches. In the third chapter, the status of selective researches is described. The fourth and fifth chapters are about the experiments of selectivity. The last chapter draws the conclusion and suggestion.
In the fourth chapter, simulating the cover-net method in a laboratory flume, the biological features of white-spotted conger was obtained. Mesh size selectivity curves of white-spotted conger were drawn by processing its biological features with a standard and using Logistic curves as a selective model. Based on the maximum likelihood method, parameters of selectivity curves were obtained. The purpose of this study is to decide the size of the eel cages and to probe the optimal mesh size for catching the white-spotted conger. The result of the experiment indicates that: the length selectivity of the white-spotted conger is nearly 0 as the mesh size is 33 mm, 40 mm, and 55 mm for the white-spotted conger whose length range is: 0-39 cm, 0-42 cm, and 0-48 cm, respectively; and the length selectivity gets to 100% as mesh size is 26 mm, 33 mm, 40 mm for the white-spotted conger’s length range is: l≥48 cm, l≥60 cm, and l≥66 cm respectively; Besides the maximal length selectivity rate for the white-spotted conger is 50% when the mesh size is 55 mm. When the mesh size for the white-spotted conger is 26 mm,33 mm,40 mm and 55 mm, its L50 is 40.083,48.212,55.874 and 66.500 cm respectively, the SR is 5.419,11.578,14.354,18.000 cm and the SF is 1.542,1.461,1.397 and 1.209 respectively. By comparison, as the mesh size of cage increases the L50 and SR will enlarge while the SF reduces.
In the fifth chapter, as the fisheries resources in the Yellow Sea of China have being decreased, selectivity of fishing gears was analyzed to improve the options available for fishery management. Comparative fishing experiments were carried out in the Yellow Sea in 2010, using tube traps with five hole diameters (8, 15, 18, 20, and 22 mm), to obtain the size-selectivity of the escape-hole size for white-spotted conger. Selectivity parameters and split parameters of the SELECT model were calculated using the estimated-split model and the equal-spilt model, respectively. From the likelihood ratio tests and the values of AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion), the estimated-split model was selected as a better-fit model. Size selectivity of the escape holes in the tube traps was expressed as logistic curve like mesh selectivity. The 50% selection length of white-spotted conger in the estimated-split model was 28.26, 33.35, 39.31 and 47.30 cm for the hole diameter at 15, 18, 20, 22 mm, respectively. The optimum escape hole size is discussed for white-spotted conger fisheries management. The result also indicates that the tube traps with escape holes of 18 mm diameter have a good effect in protecting the fisheries resources.
In the last chapter, the author draws the conclusion of the paper and gives some suggestions to future researches.
鳗鱼笼渔业(捕捞对象为星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster))是我国黄海区一种重要的群众渔业。为了充分掌握鳗鱼笼对捕捞对象的选择性、为制定相关的渔业管理政策提供基础数据和科学依据,很有必要开展黄海区鳗鱼笼选择性研究。本文围绕星康吉鳗的生物学特征及渔业状况、渔具选择性研究方法、国内外研究现状、鳗鱼笼网目选择性、鳗鱼笼出水孔选择性等方面作了相关的尝试,以期为我国黄海区星康吉鳗资源的合理利用积累一些资料和数据。
本文主要由六章组成,第1、2章侧重于星康吉鳗生物学特征和渔具选择性等相关理论研究,第3章为国内外鳗鱼笼选择性研究现状,第4、5章为鳗鱼笼渔具选择性研究实验,第6章为全文的总结和展望。
第4章模拟套网法实验获得星康吉鳗的生物学特征参数,使用Logistic曲线作为选择性的数学分析模型,求得星康吉鳗关于不同网目尺寸笼网的体长选择性曲线,用极大似然估算法对选择性参数进行估算,为制定星康吉鳗的最小网目尺寸积累一些基础数据和资料。实验结果表明:笼网目尺寸分别为33 mm、40 mm、55 mm,星康吉鳗体长分别为l∈(0,39 cm)、l∈(0,42 cm)、l∈(0,48 cm)时,星康吉鳗的选择率为0;笼网目尺寸分别为26 mm,33 mm,40 mm,星康吉鳗体长分别为l≥48 cm、l≥60 cm、l≥66 cm时,选择率达到100%;笼网目尺寸为55 mm时,星康吉鳗的选择率最大值仅为50%;笼网目尺寸为26 mm、33 mm、40 mm、55 mm时,星康吉鳗的50%选择体长(L50)分别为:40.083、48.212、55.874、66.500 cm;星康吉鳗的选择范围(SR)分别为:5.419、11.578、14.354、18.000 cm;星康吉鳗的选择系数(SF)分别为:1.542、1.461、1.397、1.209。比较实验结果发现:随着笼网网目尺寸的不断增大,星康吉鳗的L50、SR逐渐增大,而SF则逐渐递减小。
第5章运用比较作业法对出水孔直径分别为8、15、18、20、22 mm的鳗鱼笼的选择性进行研究。用SELECT(Share Each Length’s Catch Total)选择性模型估算选择性参数,使用似然估计测试和AIC (Akaike s Information Criterion)值判断并选择较优选择性模型,并用由Logistic模型模拟实验数据获得选择性曲线。实验结果表明:估计分隔模型较优并将其作为研究所用模型;当出水孔直径分别为15 mm、18 mm、20 mm、22 mm时,星康吉鳗的50%选择体长(L50)分别为28.26、33.35、39.31和47.30 cm。同时,实验结果还表明出水孔直径为18 mm的鳗鱼笼在保护星康吉鳗渔业资源方面效果较好
第6章根据相关理论和实验研究结果对全文进行一个总结,并对今后相关研究工作提出一些展望和建议。
The gear selectivity, which is the result of the interaction between the gear and the fish, means that the given gear catches the fish with the given biological features only. As the gear selectivity can be widely used in fisheries resources management, fishery stock assessment and the separation of by-catch, the fishery administrative authorities pay great attention on it. Fishery management measures must be made, because the fisheries resources have been fully exploited on the whole in China. To protect the fishery resource, the first step is to study the selectivity of fishing gear. Because there will be no fisheries without fishing gear. Only by using the fishing gear with high selectivity, environmentally friendly and ecology, can the purpose of protecting fisheries resources be made. As the gear selectivity is of great importance, a series of selective researches have been made in the whole world. These researches provide a lot of scientific data and material for protecting the fisheries resources. Meanwhile, we should notice that the selective researches in our country are not as good as other developed countries’. Our researches just only focus on some large and traditional fishing gears, such as trawl and set-net. There is few researches about some small fishing gear, especially the fishing gear used in some small scale fishery, been reported in our country.
Cage (or pot) fishery for white spotted conger (Conger myriaster) is an important fishery in the Yellow Sea of China. To establish the fishery management and protect fishery, there is an increasingly need to study the selectivity of cage in the Yellow Sea. Surrounding the object of protecting the resource of white-spotted conger, this paper studied the biology of white-spotted conger, the methods of analyzing the gear selectivity, the relative and similar researches in the world, and the mesh size selectivity of white-spotted conger pot and the size selectivity of escape hole of the tube trap, respectively.
This paper is consisted of six chapters according to the theories and experiments. The first and second chapters mainly focus on the biology of white-spotted conger and the theories of selective researches. In the third chapter, the status of selective researches is described. The fourth and fifth chapters are about the experiments of selectivity. The last chapter draws the conclusion and suggestion.
In the fourth chapter, simulating the cover-net method in a laboratory flume, the biological features of white-spotted conger was obtained. Mesh size selectivity curves of white-spotted conger were drawn by processing its biological features with a standard and using Logistic curves as a selective model. Based on the maximum likelihood method, parameters of selectivity curves were obtained. The purpose of this study is to decide the size of the eel cages and to probe the optimal mesh size for catching the white-spotted conger. The result of the experiment indicates that: the length selectivity of the white-spotted conger is nearly 0 as the mesh size is 33 mm, 40 mm, and 55 mm for the white-spotted conger whose length range is: 0-39 cm, 0-42 cm, and 0-48 cm, respectively; and the length selectivity gets to 100% as mesh size is 26 mm, 33 mm, 40 mm for the white-spotted conger’s length range is: l≥48 cm, l≥60 cm, and l≥66 cm respectively; Besides the maximal length selectivity rate for the white-spotted conger is 50% when the mesh size is 55 mm. When the mesh size for the white-spotted conger is 26 mm,33 mm,40 mm and 55 mm, its L50 is 40.083,48.212,55.874 and 66.500 cm respectively, the SR is 5.419,11.578,14.354,18.000 cm and the SF is 1.542,1.461,1.397 and 1.209 respectively. By comparison, as the mesh size of cage increases the L50 and SR will enlarge while the SF reduces.
In the fifth chapter, as the fisheries resources in the Yellow Sea of China have being decreased, selectivity of fishing gears was analyzed to improve the options available for fishery management. Comparative fishing experiments were carried out in the Yellow Sea in 2010, using tube traps with five hole diameters (8, 15, 18, 20, and 22 mm), to obtain the size-selectivity of the escape-hole size for white-spotted conger. Selectivity parameters and split parameters of the SELECT model were calculated using the estimated-split model and the equal-spilt model, respectively. From the likelihood ratio tests and the values of AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion), the estimated-split model was selected as a better-fit model. Size selectivity of the escape holes in the tube traps was expressed as logistic curve like mesh selectivity. The 50% selection length of white-spotted conger in the estimated-split model was 28.26, 33.35, 39.31 and 47.30 cm for the hole diameter at 15, 18, 20, 22 mm, respectively. The optimum escape hole size is discussed for white-spotted conger fisheries management. The result also indicates that the tube traps with escape holes of 18 mm diameter have a good effect in protecting the fisheries resources.
In the last chapter, the author draws the conclusion of the paper and gives some suggestions to future researches.
引文
[1] FAO.世界渔业和水产养殖状况.联合国粮农组织,2008,29-30
[2] B. BUTTIKER. Electrofishing results corrected by selectivity functions in stock size estimates of brown trout (salmo trutta L.) in brooks. Journal of Fish Biology. 1992, 41:673-684
[3] O. R. God, S. J. Walsh. Escapement of fish during bottom trawl sampling implications for resource assessment. Fisheries Research. 1992, 13: 281-292
[4] W. M. Hickey, G. B. Rothers and D. L. Boulos. By-catch reduction in the northern Shrimp fishery. Can. Tec. Rep. Of fishery and Aquatic sciences. 1993, No. 1964
[5] Gudni Thorsteinsson. The use of square mesh cod-ends in the Icelandic shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery. Fisheries Research. 1992, 13: 255-266
[6]杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,张鹏.南海区拖网网囊最小网目尺寸选择性研究.中国水产科学,2003(4):325-332
[7]黄洪亮,王明彦,徐宝生,张勋,汤振明.东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究.水产学报,2005,29(2):232-237
[8]唐衍力,孙国微,杨炳忠,赵同阳,黄六一,梁振林.黄海区虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究.中国水产科学,2010,40(10):033-037
[9] Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. Regional guidelines for responsible fisheries in Southeast Asia. 1999, 35
[10]唐逸民,吴常文.星鳗Astroconger myriaster (Brevoort)的生物学特性与资源分布.浙江水产学院学报. 1988,7(1):19-26
[11]黄盛国.星康吉鳗的习性及船钓技法.中国钓鱼. 2004,11:18-20
[12]陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学.海洋出版社. 1991,218-221
[13] Kimura Y, Ishikawa S, Tokai T, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K. Early life history characteristics and genetic homogeneity of Conger myriaster leptocephali along the east coast of central Japan. Fisheries Science. 2004, 70: 61-69
[14]孙满昌,张健,钱卫国等.渔具渔法选择性.北京:中国农业出版社,2004. 42-50
[15]梁振林,葛长字,刘英光.国外渔具选择性研究进展.青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(6): 835~841
[16] Uchida K, Tokai T, Mituhashi T, Hu F X, Matuda K. Size selectivity of net-pot for white-spotted conger eel estimated from paired-gear tests with change in sampling effort. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 2000, 66:1-103
[17]葛长字.极大似然估计法及SELECT模型在渔具选择性解析中应用的研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2001
[18]赵同阳.山东近海双桩张网网囊网目选择性研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[19]孙国微.黄海区虾拖网渔具选择性研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[20] Millar R B, Fryer R J. Estimating of size-selectivity curves of towed gear, traps, nets and hook. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 1999, 9:89-116
[21] Pope J A, Margets A R, Hanley J M, etal. Manual of methods for fish stock assessment. PartⅢ. Selectivity of fishing gear.FAO Fish Tech Pap,1975,41(1):146
[22] D. A. Wileman, Hirtshal. Manual methods of measuring the selectivity of towed fishing gear. ICES COOPERATIVE RESEARCH REPORT, 1996, 215:1-125
[23] Millar R B. Estimation of asymmetric selection curves for trawls. ICES C. M. 1991, 56
[24] Stewart J, Ferrell J J. Mesh selectivity in the New Wales demersal trap fishery. Fisheries Research. 2003, 59:379-392
[25]孙满昌,张健,钱卫国等.渔具渔法选择性.北京:中国农业出版社,2004. 88-90
[26] Jeong E C, Kim S K, Park C D, Shin J K, Tokai T. Size-selectivity of Hole on Tubular-pot for White Spotted Conger Eel Conger myriaster in the Adjacent Sea of Korea . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 1999, 65(2): 260-267(In Japanese with English abstract)
[27] Harada M, Tokai T, Kimura M, Hu F X, Shimizu T. Size selectivity of escape holes in conger tube traps for inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and white-spotted conger Conger myriasterin Tokyo Bay. Fisheries Science, 2007, 73:477-488
[28] Oki D, Harada M, Tokai T. Mesh selectivity of net pot for white-spotted conger-eel Conger myriaster in Ise Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 2007, 73(4):703-710(In Japanese with English abstract)
[29] Xucai Xu, Russell B. Millar. Estimation of Trap Selectivity for Male Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) Using the SELECT Modeling Approach with Unequal Sampling Effort. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 1993, 50: 2485-2490
[30] Rodney J. Treble, Russell B. Millar, Terence I. Walker. Size-selectivity of lobster pots with escape-gaps: application of the SELECT method to the southern rock lobster (Jasusedwardsii) fishery in Victoria, Australia. Fisheries Research, 1998, 34:289-305
[31]葛长字,梁振林,东海正.日本沿海捕鳗笼的网目选择性.南方水产,2006,1(2):58-61
[32]孙满昌,张健,樊伟.吕泗渔场虾桁拖网最小网目尺寸的研究.海洋渔业,2002,24(3):120-124
[33]程家骅,陈雪忠,黄洪亮等.帆式张网网囊网目选择性能的研究.中国水产科学,2001,7(4):64-68
[34] Fryer R J. A model of between-haul variation in selectivity. ICES Journal of Marine Science,1991,48:281-290
[35]東海正. MS-Excelのソルバ?による曳網の網目選択性Lo-gistic式パラメ?タの最尤推.水産海洋研究,1997,61(5):288-298
[36] Maclennan D N. Fishing gear selectivity:an overview. Fisheries Research,1992,13(3):201-204
[37] Tokai T. Trawl with separator-panel for by-catch reduction and evaluation methodology of their selective performance. Symposium on fisheries beyond the year 200-sustainable utilization of fisheries resources,1998,National Taiwan Ocean University.
[38]杨吝,谭永光,张旭丰.南海底拖网方、菱形目网囊选择性研究.湛江海洋大学学报,2002,22(3):19-25.
[39] Millar R B, Walsh S J. Analysis of trawl selectivity studies with an application to trousers trawls. Fisheries Science. 1992, 13: 205-220
[40] Omoto S, Tokai T, Tanda M, Nishikawa T, Matuda K. Comparison of selectivity curve between square-mesh and diamond-mesh codends by AIC. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 1998, 64: 447-452
[41] Shepherd G R, Moore C W, Seagraves RJ. The effect of escape vents on the capture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, in fish traps. Fisheries Science. 2002, 54: 195-207
[42] Shimizu T. On the resource of white-spotted conger Conger myriaster in Tokyo Bay. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Fish. Res. Inst. 2003, 8: 1-11
[43]唐议,邹伟红,胡振明.基于统计数据的中国海洋渔业资源利用状况及管理分析.资源科学. 2009, 31 (6): 1061-1068
[44] Tokai T, Shimizu T, Nakagawa T, Saita Y. Implementation process of enlarged escape-holes to conger tube fishery in Tokyo Bay. Fisheries Science. 2002, 68 (Suppl. I): 467-468.
[45] Uchida K, Arai N, Moriya K, Miyamoto Y, Kakihara T, Tokai T. Development of automatic system for monitoring fishing effort in conger-eel tube fishery using radio frequency identification and global positioning system . Fisheries Science. 2005, 71: 992-1 002.
[46] Man Chang Sun, Jian Zhang, Liu Xiong XU. Size selectivity of diamond and square mesh codends for hairfin anchovy Setipinna taty in Chinese Stow net fisheries. Fisheries Sciences, 2006, 72:530-539
[47] Hideyuki Yamashita, Daisuke Shiode, Tadashi Tokai. Longline hook selectivity for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus in the East China Sea. Fisheries Sciences, 2009, 75:863-874
[48] Yamada U. Conger myriaster. In: Okamura O ed. Fishes of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Contrib. Seikai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 1986, 68-69
[2] B. BUTTIKER. Electrofishing results corrected by selectivity functions in stock size estimates of brown trout (salmo trutta L.) in brooks. Journal of Fish Biology. 1992, 41:673-684
[3] O. R. God, S. J. Walsh. Escapement of fish during bottom trawl sampling implications for resource assessment. Fisheries Research. 1992, 13: 281-292
[4] W. M. Hickey, G. B. Rothers and D. L. Boulos. By-catch reduction in the northern Shrimp fishery. Can. Tec. Rep. Of fishery and Aquatic sciences. 1993, No. 1964
[5] Gudni Thorsteinsson. The use of square mesh cod-ends in the Icelandic shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery. Fisheries Research. 1992, 13: 255-266
[6]杨吝,张旭丰,谭永光,张鹏.南海区拖网网囊最小网目尺寸选择性研究.中国水产科学,2003(4):325-332
[7]黄洪亮,王明彦,徐宝生,张勋,汤振明.东海区拖网网囊网目选择性研究.水产学报,2005,29(2):232-237
[8]唐衍力,孙国微,杨炳忠,赵同阳,黄六一,梁振林.黄海区虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究.中国水产科学,2010,40(10):033-037
[9] Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. Regional guidelines for responsible fisheries in Southeast Asia. 1999, 35
[10]唐逸民,吴常文.星鳗Astroconger myriaster (Brevoort)的生物学特性与资源分布.浙江水产学院学报. 1988,7(1):19-26
[11]黄盛国.星康吉鳗的习性及船钓技法.中国钓鱼. 2004,11:18-20
[12]陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学.海洋出版社. 1991,218-221
[13] Kimura Y, Ishikawa S, Tokai T, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K. Early life history characteristics and genetic homogeneity of Conger myriaster leptocephali along the east coast of central Japan. Fisheries Science. 2004, 70: 61-69
[14]孙满昌,张健,钱卫国等.渔具渔法选择性.北京:中国农业出版社,2004. 42-50
[15]梁振林,葛长字,刘英光.国外渔具选择性研究进展.青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(6): 835~841
[16] Uchida K, Tokai T, Mituhashi T, Hu F X, Matuda K. Size selectivity of net-pot for white-spotted conger eel estimated from paired-gear tests with change in sampling effort. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 2000, 66:1-103
[17]葛长字.极大似然估计法及SELECT模型在渔具选择性解析中应用的研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2001
[18]赵同阳.山东近海双桩张网网囊网目选择性研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[19]孙国微.黄海区虾拖网渔具选择性研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[20] Millar R B, Fryer R J. Estimating of size-selectivity curves of towed gear, traps, nets and hook. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 1999, 9:89-116
[21] Pope J A, Margets A R, Hanley J M, etal. Manual of methods for fish stock assessment. PartⅢ. Selectivity of fishing gear.FAO Fish Tech Pap,1975,41(1):146
[22] D. A. Wileman, Hirtshal. Manual methods of measuring the selectivity of towed fishing gear. ICES COOPERATIVE RESEARCH REPORT, 1996, 215:1-125
[23] Millar R B. Estimation of asymmetric selection curves for trawls. ICES C. M. 1991, 56
[24] Stewart J, Ferrell J J. Mesh selectivity in the New Wales demersal trap fishery. Fisheries Research. 2003, 59:379-392
[25]孙满昌,张健,钱卫国等.渔具渔法选择性.北京:中国农业出版社,2004. 88-90
[26] Jeong E C, Kim S K, Park C D, Shin J K, Tokai T. Size-selectivity of Hole on Tubular-pot for White Spotted Conger Eel Conger myriaster in the Adjacent Sea of Korea . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 1999, 65(2): 260-267(In Japanese with English abstract)
[27] Harada M, Tokai T, Kimura M, Hu F X, Shimizu T. Size selectivity of escape holes in conger tube traps for inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and white-spotted conger Conger myriasterin Tokyo Bay. Fisheries Science, 2007, 73:477-488
[28] Oki D, Harada M, Tokai T. Mesh selectivity of net pot for white-spotted conger-eel Conger myriaster in Ise Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 2007, 73(4):703-710(In Japanese with English abstract)
[29] Xucai Xu, Russell B. Millar. Estimation of Trap Selectivity for Male Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) Using the SELECT Modeling Approach with Unequal Sampling Effort. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 1993, 50: 2485-2490
[30] Rodney J. Treble, Russell B. Millar, Terence I. Walker. Size-selectivity of lobster pots with escape-gaps: application of the SELECT method to the southern rock lobster (Jasusedwardsii) fishery in Victoria, Australia. Fisheries Research, 1998, 34:289-305
[31]葛长字,梁振林,东海正.日本沿海捕鳗笼的网目选择性.南方水产,2006,1(2):58-61
[32]孙满昌,张健,樊伟.吕泗渔场虾桁拖网最小网目尺寸的研究.海洋渔业,2002,24(3):120-124
[33]程家骅,陈雪忠,黄洪亮等.帆式张网网囊网目选择性能的研究.中国水产科学,2001,7(4):64-68
[34] Fryer R J. A model of between-haul variation in selectivity. ICES Journal of Marine Science,1991,48:281-290
[35]東海正. MS-Excelのソルバ?による曳網の網目選択性Lo-gistic式パラメ?タの最尤推.水産海洋研究,1997,61(5):288-298
[36] Maclennan D N. Fishing gear selectivity:an overview. Fisheries Research,1992,13(3):201-204
[37] Tokai T. Trawl with separator-panel for by-catch reduction and evaluation methodology of their selective performance. Symposium on fisheries beyond the year 200-sustainable utilization of fisheries resources,1998,National Taiwan Ocean University.
[38]杨吝,谭永光,张旭丰.南海底拖网方、菱形目网囊选择性研究.湛江海洋大学学报,2002,22(3):19-25.
[39] Millar R B, Walsh S J. Analysis of trawl selectivity studies with an application to trousers trawls. Fisheries Science. 1992, 13: 205-220
[40] Omoto S, Tokai T, Tanda M, Nishikawa T, Matuda K. Comparison of selectivity curve between square-mesh and diamond-mesh codends by AIC. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 1998, 64: 447-452
[41] Shepherd G R, Moore C W, Seagraves RJ. The effect of escape vents on the capture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, in fish traps. Fisheries Science. 2002, 54: 195-207
[42] Shimizu T. On the resource of white-spotted conger Conger myriaster in Tokyo Bay. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Fish. Res. Inst. 2003, 8: 1-11
[43]唐议,邹伟红,胡振明.基于统计数据的中国海洋渔业资源利用状况及管理分析.资源科学. 2009, 31 (6): 1061-1068
[44] Tokai T, Shimizu T, Nakagawa T, Saita Y. Implementation process of enlarged escape-holes to conger tube fishery in Tokyo Bay. Fisheries Science. 2002, 68 (Suppl. I): 467-468.
[45] Uchida K, Arai N, Moriya K, Miyamoto Y, Kakihara T, Tokai T. Development of automatic system for monitoring fishing effort in conger-eel tube fishery using radio frequency identification and global positioning system . Fisheries Science. 2005, 71: 992-1 002.
[46] Man Chang Sun, Jian Zhang, Liu Xiong XU. Size selectivity of diamond and square mesh codends for hairfin anchovy Setipinna taty in Chinese Stow net fisheries. Fisheries Sciences, 2006, 72:530-539
[47] Hideyuki Yamashita, Daisuke Shiode, Tadashi Tokai. Longline hook selectivity for red tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus in the East China Sea. Fisheries Sciences, 2009, 75:863-874
[48] Yamada U. Conger myriaster. In: Okamura O ed. Fishes of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Contrib. Seikai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 1986, 68-69