黄海南部春季温、盐特征及帆张网渔获组成与分布的年际变化
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摘要
以2006～2009年春季4、5月份在黄海南部吕泗、大沙渔场的海洋学及渔业调查数据为基础,研究了春季帆张网渔业渔获量、渔获组成、渔场分布的年际变化及对海表水温、盐度及长江入海径流等环境要素变化的响应。长江径流量大小及其引致的海区温、盐变化可为本海区渔期与渔场预报提供重要参考。本文以调查结果为基础,总结吕泗、大沙渔场帆张网渔业的概况,阐明渔获组成的年际变化与环境要素之间的关系,及环境要素对吕泗、大沙渔场春季渔场分布的影响,以期对吕泗、大沙渔场的管理提供理论依据。
得出以下结论:
1. 2006～2009年春季海区表层平均水温分别为9.6℃、11.9℃、11.7℃和11.1℃;表层盐度及长江径流量有明显的年间变化,其中2007、2008年春季盐度范围31.2～34.8、28.7～32.6;2006～2009年1、2月份长江径流量各年基本持平。4、5月份入海径流大小依次为:2009≥2006>2008>2007。
2. 2006～2009年春季调查期间,同一年度不同航次捕捞努力量的分布随时间延续亦有一定变化,但不同年度变化趋势并不一致。
3. 2006～2009年春季帆张网航次平均单网渔获量分别为933.8kg、1278.4kg、1086.9kg和1369.1kg,主要经济渔获物中,小黄鱼所占比例平均为21.09%,银鲳、黄鮟鱇、蓝点马鲛分别仅占5.84%、8.71%和1.11%,蟹类占10.15%,黄鲫及其它低值渔获物约占53.09%。
4. 2006～2009年春季帆张网渔获组成呈现出显著的年际变化。2006年4月上旬小黄鱼就已进入渔汛,而2007～2008年4月下旬仍维持较高产量,2009年
4月下旬到5月上旬小黄鱼产量皆较高。银鲳产量一般在5月上旬才显著上升,2009年度与前面相比,产量出现显著下降;蓝点马鲛从4月上旬开始出现零星产量,但在帆张网渔获中所占比例不高。
5.黄海南部吕泗、大沙渔场春季帆张网渔获重心与环境因素的响应。春季随水温上升,渔获重心从远岸向近岸移动;不同年度,渔获重心距离岸边的位置随水温上升而趋近岸边,随长江径流量增加而远离岸边。4月长江径流量在17000 m~3/s基础上增加到约24000 m~3/s,可造成海区表层盐度下降,同时渔获重心向外偏移20～50 n mile。
Based on the oceanography and fisheries data collected from stow net located in the Lüsi, Dasha fishing ground in the southern Yellow Sea in April ~ May in 2006 ~ 2009, the yield、composition of the catch、fishing ground distribution and their relationships with the environmental factors were analysed. The amount of Yangtse River runoff and the relevant SST and SSS in the fishing ground could be the important reference for fisheries forcasting. We summarized the profile of anchor fishing net in Lüsi, Dasha fisheries,then clarified the the relationship the annual change of the composition of the catch and environmental factors, environmental factors refer to Lüsi, Dasha fisheries distribution of fishing ground in the Lüsi, Dasha spring fisheries, to provide theoretical basis for Lüsi, Dasha fisheries management.
The results were as follows:
1. Sea surface temperature(SST) were 9.6℃、11.9℃、11.7℃、11.1℃in spring of 2006 ~ 2009 respectively. In the same period sea surface salinity(SSS) and the amount of Yangtse River runoff changed every year. Salinity range were 31.2‰～34.8‰、28.7‰～32.6‰in spring of 2007 ~ 2008 respectively. The Yangtze river runoff each years flat in January~ February in 2006 ~ 2009. The size of the Yangtze river runoff in turn were 2009≥2006>2008>2007 in April ~ May in 2006 ~ 2009.
2. Distribution of Fishing effort amount had certain changes with time extending in different voyage in the same year,but the changes tend to disaccord in spring of 2006 ~ 2009.
3. The voyage catch were 933.8kg、1278.4kg、1086.9kg and 1369.1kg per net in spring of 2006 ~ 2009 respectively. The percentage of economical fishes in catch were 21.09%、5.84%、8.71%、1.11% for Pseudosciaena polyactis、Pampus argenteus、Lophius litulon and Scomberomorus niphonius respectively, followed by 10.15% for crab, and 53.09% for Setipinna taty and other low-quality yield altogether.
4. Annual change of composition of the catch appeared marked in spring of 2006 ~ 2009. Catch of Pseudosciaena polyactis maintained higher yield in early April 2006 and in late April of 2007 ~ 2009. Catch of Pampus argenteus increased generally in early May,but declined in 2009. Catch of Scomberomorus niphonius appear sporadic after early April,composition of its catch was low.
5. The fishes tend to nearshore gradually when SST increased in spring every year; and in different years, the main fishing location became more inshore when SST increased and offshore when the amount of Yangtse River runoff rised. It could lead to SSS’s decreasing and main fishing location’moving offshore for about 20～50 n mile that the amount of Yangtse River runoff increased from 17000 m~3/s to 24000 m~3/s in April.
得出以下结论:
1. 2006～2009年春季海区表层平均水温分别为9.6℃、11.9℃、11.7℃和11.1℃;表层盐度及长江径流量有明显的年间变化,其中2007、2008年春季盐度范围31.2～34.8、28.7～32.6;2006～2009年1、2月份长江径流量各年基本持平。4、5月份入海径流大小依次为:2009≥2006>2008>2007。
2. 2006～2009年春季调查期间,同一年度不同航次捕捞努力量的分布随时间延续亦有一定变化,但不同年度变化趋势并不一致。
3. 2006～2009年春季帆张网航次平均单网渔获量分别为933.8kg、1278.4kg、1086.9kg和1369.1kg,主要经济渔获物中,小黄鱼所占比例平均为21.09%,银鲳、黄鮟鱇、蓝点马鲛分别仅占5.84%、8.71%和1.11%,蟹类占10.15%,黄鲫及其它低值渔获物约占53.09%。
4. 2006～2009年春季帆张网渔获组成呈现出显著的年际变化。2006年4月上旬小黄鱼就已进入渔汛,而2007～2008年4月下旬仍维持较高产量,2009年
4月下旬到5月上旬小黄鱼产量皆较高。银鲳产量一般在5月上旬才显著上升,2009年度与前面相比,产量出现显著下降;蓝点马鲛从4月上旬开始出现零星产量,但在帆张网渔获中所占比例不高。
5.黄海南部吕泗、大沙渔场春季帆张网渔获重心与环境因素的响应。春季随水温上升,渔获重心从远岸向近岸移动;不同年度,渔获重心距离岸边的位置随水温上升而趋近岸边,随长江径流量增加而远离岸边。4月长江径流量在17000 m~3/s基础上增加到约24000 m~3/s,可造成海区表层盐度下降,同时渔获重心向外偏移20～50 n mile。
Based on the oceanography and fisheries data collected from stow net located in the Lüsi, Dasha fishing ground in the southern Yellow Sea in April ~ May in 2006 ~ 2009, the yield、composition of the catch、fishing ground distribution and their relationships with the environmental factors were analysed. The amount of Yangtse River runoff and the relevant SST and SSS in the fishing ground could be the important reference for fisheries forcasting. We summarized the profile of anchor fishing net in Lüsi, Dasha fisheries,then clarified the the relationship the annual change of the composition of the catch and environmental factors, environmental factors refer to Lüsi, Dasha fisheries distribution of fishing ground in the Lüsi, Dasha spring fisheries, to provide theoretical basis for Lüsi, Dasha fisheries management.
The results were as follows:
1. Sea surface temperature(SST) were 9.6℃、11.9℃、11.7℃、11.1℃in spring of 2006 ~ 2009 respectively. In the same period sea surface salinity(SSS) and the amount of Yangtse River runoff changed every year. Salinity range were 31.2‰～34.8‰、28.7‰～32.6‰in spring of 2007 ~ 2008 respectively. The Yangtze river runoff each years flat in January~ February in 2006 ~ 2009. The size of the Yangtze river runoff in turn were 2009≥2006>2008>2007 in April ~ May in 2006 ~ 2009.
2. Distribution of Fishing effort amount had certain changes with time extending in different voyage in the same year,but the changes tend to disaccord in spring of 2006 ~ 2009.
3. The voyage catch were 933.8kg、1278.4kg、1086.9kg and 1369.1kg per net in spring of 2006 ~ 2009 respectively. The percentage of economical fishes in catch were 21.09%、5.84%、8.71%、1.11% for Pseudosciaena polyactis、Pampus argenteus、Lophius litulon and Scomberomorus niphonius respectively, followed by 10.15% for crab, and 53.09% for Setipinna taty and other low-quality yield altogether.
4. Annual change of composition of the catch appeared marked in spring of 2006 ~ 2009. Catch of Pseudosciaena polyactis maintained higher yield in early April 2006 and in late April of 2007 ~ 2009. Catch of Pampus argenteus increased generally in early May,but declined in 2009. Catch of Scomberomorus niphonius appear sporadic after early April,composition of its catch was low.
5. The fishes tend to nearshore gradually when SST increased in spring every year; and in different years, the main fishing location became more inshore when SST increased and offshore when the amount of Yangtse River runoff rised. It could lead to SSS’s decreasing and main fishing location’moving offshore for about 20～50 n mile that the amount of Yangtse River runoff increased from 17000 m~3/s to 24000 m~3/s in April.
引文
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[2]程家骅,张秋华,李圣法,等.东黄海渔业资源利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:171-227.
[3]陈卫平,薄治礼,周婉霞,等.浙江帆式张网渔业现状的分析与研究[J].浙江海洋学报,2009,28(1):70-74.
[4]叶振江,王巍令,徐宾铎,等.吕泗渔场海洋学特征与定置网渔获性能的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2010,40(12) :027-031.
[5]程家骅,陈雪忠,林龙山,等.东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态分析[J].中国水产科学,2000,7(2):64-68.
[6]张健,孙满昌,钱卫国,等.张网渔具选择性模型的探究[J].海洋渔业,2004,26(1):1-8.
[7]金显仕,赵宪勇,孟田湘,等.黄、渤海生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:21-55.
[8]陈永利,王凡,白学志,等.东海带鱼渔获量与邻近海域水文环境变化的关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(5):404-411.
[9] Beardsley R. C., Limeburner R., Yu H. et al. Discharge of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) into the East China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1985, 4:57-76.
[10] Chern, C.‐S., J. Wang, and D.‐P. Wang. The Exchange of Kuroshio and East China Sea Shelf Water[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 1990, 95(C9):16017-16023.
[11] T. Matsuno, J.-S. Lee, and S. Yanao. The Kuroshio exchange with the South and East China Seas[J]. Ocean Science, 2009, 5:303–312.
[12]刘尊雷,汤建华,林龙山,等.江苏沿岸定置张网主要渔获组成以及对经济鱼类幼体的损害分析[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):16-26.
[13]李建生,程家骅.长江口渔场渔业生物资源动态分析[J].海洋渔业,2005, 27(1):33-37.
[14]陈新军主编。渔业资源与渔场学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:116-127.
[15]赫崇本,汪园祥,雷宗友等.黄海冷水团的形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].海洋与湖沼,1959, 2(1):11-15.
[16]乐肯堂.长江冲淡水路径的初步分析[J].海洋与湖沼, 1984, 15(2):157-166.
[17]侍茂崇.物理海洋学[M].济南:山东教育出版社, 2004:239-251.
[18]刘忠臣,刘保华,黄振宗等.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社, 2005:43-45.
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