氯化钾与硫酸转化制取硫酸钾的研究
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摘要
针对曼海姆法反应机理的第二步即氯化钾与硫酸氢钾反应,进行了在水溶液和固相中两种情况下反应的实验,实验结果结合热力学分析证明这两种物质常温情况下就可以发生固相反应,并且随着反应温度的升高和反应物粒度的变细,硫酸氢钾的转化率增加,氯化钾与硫酸氢钾固相反应制备硫酸钾的过程中,温度不同所得产物组成也不相同。
     以氯化钾和硫酸为原料,设计了在水相中分两步反应制备氮钾硫肥的工艺,该工艺首先制得硫酸氢钾中间产物,然后再用氨中和硫酸氢钾水溶液制备硫酸钾和硫酸铵,最后得到的氮钾硫复肥氯含量很低,完全可做无氯钾肥施用。
     为了探讨硫酸钾和硫酸铵分离的生产工艺,进行了25℃K_2SO_4-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O体系的相平衡研究,得出该体系的相图有纯硫酸钾和硫酸铵结晶区。此外本论文还应用Pitzer电解质溶液理论对该体系相平衡数据进行了关联计算。
     进行了25℃NH_3-K_2SO_4-(NH_4)SO_4-H_2O体系的相平衡研究,依据绘制的相图分析了采用氨盐析法分离硫酸钾和硫酸铵的生产工艺,并进行了理论计算。
     为了探讨CO(NH_2)_2加入到K_2SO_4-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O体系中,对析出物组成和溶解度规律的影响,进行了25℃CO(NH_2)_2-K_2SO_4-(NH_4)_2SO_4H_2O体系的相平衡研究,结果表明这三种物质不能形成复合物,但尿素的加入有利于纯硫酸钾的析出,同时论文还运用电解质与非电解质的混合理论,依据二元体系的溶解度对该四元体系进行了推算。
Experiment is carried out on the reaction between potassium chloride and potassium bisulfate in both liquid phase and solid phase contraposing the reaction of second step of the mechanism of the art of Mannheim. Combining the results of experiment with thermodynamics proves that the two kinds of material can react with each other in solid phase at room temperature, and the conversion rate of potassium bisulfate increases with the temperature increasing and the granularity diminishing, and the results obtained are different if the temperature is different during the process of preparing potassium sulfate through solid reaction.
    A process is designed to prepare a kind of fertilizer containing N, K, S, in liquid phase and through two steps, using potassium chloride and sulfuric acid as materiel. This process first produces potassium bisulfate, the middle production, then neutralization the potassium bisulfate liquid with ammonia to produce potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The finally product, compounding fertilizer containing N, K, S, is high enough to be used as non-chloride potassic fertilizer for its much low chloride.
    In order to probe into the art of separating potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, equilibrium studies of the K2SO4-(NH4)2S04-H2O system at 25 are conducted. This obtains that the graph of the system contains the crystal sections of pure potassium sulfate and pure ammonium sulfate. Besides, relevancy and calculation are made based on the equilibrium data of the system using Pitzer theory.
    Equilibrium studies of NH3-K2SO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 25 are conducted. Based on the phase diagram, analysis is made on the art of separating potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate using ammonium as the regent of salting out, and theoretic calculation is also made.
    In order to discuss the effect of Urea added in the K2SO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system on the composition of salted out and regular of solubility, equilibrium studies of the CO(NH2)2-K2SO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 25 are also conducted. The result shows that the three substances can not form compounds, and the adding of Urea benefits the salting out of pure potassium sulfate. Besides, relevancy and calculation are made based on the equilibrium data of the system.
引文
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