微型嵌入式开放式数控系统
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摘要
本文根据开放型数控系统的理论，对开放型控制系统进行探讨，并设计开发了微型实时嵌入式开放型数控系统。在系统硬件上，采用以51微控制器(78E58单片机)作为硬件的控制核心，并且扩展了外部RAM、并行端口和键盘／显示单元。嵌入式系统的控制软件使用了嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ，进行开放型数控系统的开发，采用C51、51汇编语言设计。将μC／OS-Ⅱ移植到51微控制器上之后，开发了多个任务，实现键盘响应、7段LED数码管显示以及数控系统的基本功能等。
嵌入式系统主要实现键盘响应以及强实时信号的处理。系统根据键盘输入的信息和指令，实现相应的功能。最终将处理结果以控制脉冲形式输出给伺服系统，以控制步进电机的进给，达到模拟数控机床加工的目的。整个系统操作简单，处理结果正确。
系统软件结构采用模块化的思想，可根据功能需求进行剪裁，符合开放型数控的开放性要求。同时，将嵌入式实时操作系统引入到开放型数控系统开发当中，对开放型数控系统的研究和发展具有创新和现实推动意义。
In the thesis, I discussed the theory of Open Numerical Control (ONC) and developed a miniature real time embedded ONC system according to ISO ONC. The system hardware is in the core of MCS-51. and extended with outer RAM, parallel port as well as keypad and display unit. The control software in the embedded system is developed in the basis of embedded Real Time Operating System. I used μC/OS-Ⅱ, C51, 51 assembly language as development tools in software design. After μC/OS-Ⅱ ported to MCS-51, Multi-tasks are programmed to realize keypad response, displaying with 7 segments LED as well as basic milling of numerical control system.
The embedded system mainly realizes keypad response and processes real time signals. According to the input information of keypad, corresponding functions are realized. The final results in the form of control pulses are output to servo system in order to drive the stepper motors, simulating the milling procedure of numerical control tool machine. The embedded system has simple and friendly interface and produces accurate results.
System software is in blocks and is scalable according to the user's request, which agrees to the open feature of ONC. Furthermore, applying Embedded Real Time Operating System to the design of ONC is innovative and can prompt the development of ONC.
嵌入式系统主要实现键盘响应以及强实时信号的处理。系统根据键盘输入的信息和指令，实现相应的功能。最终将处理结果以控制脉冲形式输出给伺服系统，以控制步进电机的进给，达到模拟数控机床加工的目的。整个系统操作简单，处理结果正确。
系统软件结构采用模块化的思想，可根据功能需求进行剪裁，符合开放型数控的开放性要求。同时，将嵌入式实时操作系统引入到开放型数控系统开发当中，对开放型数控系统的研究和发展具有创新和现实推动意义。
In the thesis, I discussed the theory of Open Numerical Control (ONC) and developed a miniature real time embedded ONC system according to ISO ONC. The system hardware is in the core of MCS-51. and extended with outer RAM, parallel port as well as keypad and display unit. The control software in the embedded system is developed in the basis of embedded Real Time Operating System. I used μC/OS-Ⅱ, C51, 51 assembly language as development tools in software design. After μC/OS-Ⅱ ported to MCS-51, Multi-tasks are programmed to realize keypad response, displaying with 7 segments LED as well as basic milling of numerical control system.
The embedded system mainly realizes keypad response and processes real time signals. According to the input information of keypad, corresponding functions are realized. The final results in the form of control pulses are output to servo system in order to drive the stepper motors, simulating the milling procedure of numerical control tool machine. The embedded system has simple and friendly interface and produces accurate results.
System software is in blocks and is scalable according to the user's request, which agrees to the open feature of ONC. Furthermore, applying Embedded Real Time Operating System to the design of ONC is innovative and can prompt the development of ONC.
引文
[1] 李诚人等，电脑数控加工，西北工业大学出版社，1995
[2] 李诚人等，现代机电控制系统，西北工业大学出版社，1995
[3] 龚国栋，开放型数控系统研究与开发，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003
[4] 陈爱弟，Protel 99实用培训教程，人民邮电出版社，2000．7
[5] 何小庆，嵌入式实时操作系统的现状和未来，麦克泰软件公司，2002．1
[6] 黄大贵，微机数控系统，电子科技大学出版社，1996
[7] 赖麒文，8051单片机C语言开发环境实务与设计，科学出版社，2002．10
[8] 李华等，MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[9] 林琳，消息驱动在单片机编程中的应用，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002．3
[10] 刘德平等，开放型数控系统的研制，制造业与机床，1999．5
[11] 刘冬梅，嵌入式系统软硬件划分和综合的一种形式化方法，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，2002．1
[12] 刘洋，嵌入式系统中软硬件功能分配的方法和研究，中国科技大学硕士学位论文，2002．6
[13] 吕强中，机电控制系统仿真系统研究，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，2001．12
[14] 史新福等，32位微机原理、接口技术及应用，西北工业大学出版社，2000．1
[15] 孙德和等，常用集成电路芯片IC参考大全，海洋出版社，1992
[16] 孙德茂，对开放型数控系统的认识，制造业与机床，1998．10
[17] 唐寅，实时操作系统应用开发指南，中国电力出版社，2002
[18] 魏玉清，微机应用系统抗干扰的探讨，现代电子技术季刊，1997年第1期
[19] 徐爱钧，单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用，电子工业出版社，2001
[20] 许海燕等，嵌入式系统技术和应用，机械工业出版社，2002
[21] 郑泽胜，嵌入式系统以及实时软件开发，www.pocketix.com
[22] 电子爱好者网站，Keil C51 Handbook,www.keil.com
[23] Jan Axelson，串行端口大全，中国电力出版社，2001
[24] Jean J. Labrosse, μC/OS-Ⅱ—The Real-Time Kernel Second Edition, 2003
[25] EMC Design Guidelines, Newport Technology Data Book
[26] A. Burns, Preemptive Priority-base Scheduling: an Appropriate Engineering Approach, Prentice Hall, 1995
[27] Arnold Berger, Embedded System Design, 电子工业出版社, 2002
[28] F. et al. Balarin, Hardware-software Co-design for Embedded System: the POLIS approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997
[29] Kopetz H, Real-Time Systems, Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications, Ktuwer Academic Publishers, Third printed 1999
[30] Intel Corp.,8279-programmable keyboard/display interface, www.21IC.com
[31] Mr. Zhaohui Duan, What makes a good RTOS, REAL TIME Magzine, 1998.12
[32] Tim Williams, MEC for the Small Business, IEEE colloquim, 1~(st) May 1997
[33] Winbond Corp., W78E58B—8 bit microcontroller, www.21IC.com
[2] 李诚人等，现代机电控制系统，西北工业大学出版社，1995
[3] 龚国栋，开放型数控系统研究与开发，西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003
[4] 陈爱弟，Protel 99实用培训教程，人民邮电出版社，2000．7
[5] 何小庆，嵌入式实时操作系统的现状和未来，麦克泰软件公司，2002．1
[6] 黄大贵，微机数控系统，电子科技大学出版社，1996
[7] 赖麒文，8051单片机C语言开发环境实务与设计，科学出版社，2002．10
[8] 李华等，MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[9] 林琳，消息驱动在单片机编程中的应用，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002．3
[10] 刘德平等，开放型数控系统的研制，制造业与机床，1999．5
[11] 刘冬梅，嵌入式系统软硬件划分和综合的一种形式化方法，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，2002．1
[12] 刘洋，嵌入式系统中软硬件功能分配的方法和研究，中国科技大学硕士学位论文，2002．6
[13] 吕强中，机电控制系统仿真系统研究，华中理工大学硕士学位论文，2001．12
[14] 史新福等，32位微机原理、接口技术及应用，西北工业大学出版社，2000．1
[15] 孙德和等，常用集成电路芯片IC参考大全，海洋出版社，1992
[16] 孙德茂，对开放型数控系统的认识，制造业与机床，1998．10
[17] 唐寅，实时操作系统应用开发指南，中国电力出版社，2002
[18] 魏玉清，微机应用系统抗干扰的探讨，现代电子技术季刊，1997年第1期
[19] 徐爱钧，单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用，电子工业出版社，2001
[20] 许海燕等，嵌入式系统技术和应用，机械工业出版社，2002
[21] 郑泽胜，嵌入式系统以及实时软件开发，www.pocketix.com
[22] 电子爱好者网站，Keil C51 Handbook,www.keil.com
[23] Jan Axelson，串行端口大全，中国电力出版社，2001
[24] Jean J. Labrosse, μC/OS-Ⅱ—The Real-Time Kernel Second Edition, 2003
[25] EMC Design Guidelines, Newport Technology Data Book
[26] A. Burns, Preemptive Priority-base Scheduling: an Appropriate Engineering Approach, Prentice Hall, 1995
[27] Arnold Berger, Embedded System Design, 电子工业出版社, 2002
[28] F. et al. Balarin, Hardware-software Co-design for Embedded System: the POLIS approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997
[29] Kopetz H, Real-Time Systems, Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications, Ktuwer Academic Publishers, Third printed 1999
[30] Intel Corp.,8279-programmable keyboard/display interface, www.21IC.com
[31] Mr. Zhaohui Duan, What makes a good RTOS, REAL TIME Magzine, 1998.12
[32] Tim Williams, MEC for the Small Business, IEEE colloquim, 1~(st) May 1997
[33] Winbond Corp., W78E58B—8 bit microcontroller, www.21IC.com