基于网络的虚拟实验平台的设计与实现
摘要
实验是人们借助于仪器设备、试剂试样等进行独立操作,以获得直接经验、培养技能、技巧的科学的教学方式或方法。在真实实验中,实验场地、实验设备、实验仪器都以实物化形式出现;而在虚拟实验中,实验工具、实验对象等都是计算机软件模拟的,同时其实验结果则是对虚拟实验设备操作得到的。
本文首先介绍了虚拟实验室的发展历程,以及国内外这一领域的发展现状,通过对使用对象需求的研究,确定了所需虚拟实验室的结构和功能。在对实验室的设计与实现上的主要内容归纳如下:
1、网络虚拟实验平台的构建.根据网络虚拟实验室的要求,对浏览器/服务器和客户端/服务器两种网络拓扑结构的优缺点进行比较,通过对其客户端、使用界面、灵活性、安全性以及开发与维护成本等各方面的全面比较,选择了B/S结构作为实验平台的网络结构。
2、对虚拟实验平台的模型库进行设计。首先.对模型库进行分类,构建模型库的拓扑结构;这里我们以常见的设计零件为基础,分为了十大类,包含了轴类零件、键/带、轴承、齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆、离合器、螺纹、弹簧、密封件和润滑装置。
其次在模型设计中我们以蜗轮蜗杆为例,重点研究了参数化建模的问题。在参数化建模工程中,以比较复杂的蜗轮蜗杆为代表,主要研究了零件参数化模型的建立过程中,对模型实例具体参数的设定;难点在与对蜗轮蜗杆的左右旋方向的判定问题上。最后通过对建立的模型进行参数设定和装配实例,完成了我们虚拟实验平台的模型库的设计。
3、针对虚拟实验室所应用到的虚拟机构进行装配分析和运动分析,采用proe建立的虚拟实验平台上的所有零件及机构的三维模型,以及对机构进行了运动仿真,并将所有的模型通过edrawings发布为能够直接通过web浏览器浏览和操作的格式,真正做到了虚拟实验室的网络化;同时基于edrawings的功能,对模型进行拆装、打断、透明等各种操作,使得其比实际模型更便于观察其内部结构。
4、对本文的研究成果进行总结,并提出进一步的研究方向。本课题研究基于河北省科学技术成果“机械设计多方案创新实验室的研发”,省级登记号为20101650。
Experiment is the way which people use equipment or reagent to work independently in order to obtain experiment or to train their skills. Normally, the virtual experiment is compared to the experiment in the real about the objects which people can touch and feel in the experiment. In real life ,they appears in the form that you can feel and touch ,such as the experiment ground ,equipments ; in the other hand these things are simulate by computer instead of can be feel and touch in the virtual experiment , the result of the experiment is obtained from computer which different form the real ones also .
This thesis first introduced the history of the virtual experiment , and also introduce the research of the virtual experiment in nowadays . By searching the purpers of the users , we make sure the details of the virtual experiment’s structure and components . The work we fond in designing and implying of the virtual experiment may be summarized as follows:
Compared B/S net structure with C/S net structure , for the famine of virtual experiment ,choose the B/S net structure ;
1. Parametric design of the part–model-library;
2. The virtual analysis in assembly process and dynamic simulation by virtual linkage;
3. Summarize the research and make the further goal of the research.
本文首先介绍了虚拟实验室的发展历程,以及国内外这一领域的发展现状,通过对使用对象需求的研究,确定了所需虚拟实验室的结构和功能。在对实验室的设计与实现上的主要内容归纳如下:
1、网络虚拟实验平台的构建.根据网络虚拟实验室的要求,对浏览器/服务器和客户端/服务器两种网络拓扑结构的优缺点进行比较,通过对其客户端、使用界面、灵活性、安全性以及开发与维护成本等各方面的全面比较,选择了B/S结构作为实验平台的网络结构。
2、对虚拟实验平台的模型库进行设计。首先.对模型库进行分类,构建模型库的拓扑结构;这里我们以常见的设计零件为基础,分为了十大类,包含了轴类零件、键/带、轴承、齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆、离合器、螺纹、弹簧、密封件和润滑装置。
其次在模型设计中我们以蜗轮蜗杆为例,重点研究了参数化建模的问题。在参数化建模工程中,以比较复杂的蜗轮蜗杆为代表,主要研究了零件参数化模型的建立过程中,对模型实例具体参数的设定;难点在与对蜗轮蜗杆的左右旋方向的判定问题上。最后通过对建立的模型进行参数设定和装配实例,完成了我们虚拟实验平台的模型库的设计。
3、针对虚拟实验室所应用到的虚拟机构进行装配分析和运动分析,采用proe建立的虚拟实验平台上的所有零件及机构的三维模型,以及对机构进行了运动仿真,并将所有的模型通过edrawings发布为能够直接通过web浏览器浏览和操作的格式,真正做到了虚拟实验室的网络化;同时基于edrawings的功能,对模型进行拆装、打断、透明等各种操作,使得其比实际模型更便于观察其内部结构。
4、对本文的研究成果进行总结,并提出进一步的研究方向。本课题研究基于河北省科学技术成果“机械设计多方案创新实验室的研发”,省级登记号为20101650。
Experiment is the way which people use equipment or reagent to work independently in order to obtain experiment or to train their skills. Normally, the virtual experiment is compared to the experiment in the real about the objects which people can touch and feel in the experiment. In real life ,they appears in the form that you can feel and touch ,such as the experiment ground ,equipments ; in the other hand these things are simulate by computer instead of can be feel and touch in the virtual experiment , the result of the experiment is obtained from computer which different form the real ones also .
This thesis first introduced the history of the virtual experiment , and also introduce the research of the virtual experiment in nowadays . By searching the purpers of the users , we make sure the details of the virtual experiment’s structure and components . The work we fond in designing and implying of the virtual experiment may be summarized as follows:
Compared B/S net structure with C/S net structure , for the famine of virtual experiment ,choose the B/S net structure ;
1. Parametric design of the part–model-library;
2. The virtual analysis in assembly process and dynamic simulation by virtual linkage;
3. Summarize the research and make the further goal of the research.
引文
[1]李迅.拟实装配环境的构建:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2003
[2]刘璇.面向三维造型软件的协同设计系统:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2006
[3]宋浩杰.基于Web的网络虚拟实验室的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[4]伍红梅.基于Pro/E的数控功能部件运动仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].安徽:合肥工业大学,2009
[5]吕阳伟.基于网络的虚拟实验系统研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2008
[6]杨延波.基于Pro/E软件创建螺纹收尾特征方法的探讨[J].科技创新导报,2008,23:6～7
[7]韩玉龙.Pro/EngineerWildfire组件设计与运动仿真专业教程[N].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:246～257
[8]濮良贵,纪明刚.机械设计(第七版)[N].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.1:235～247
[9]杨立红,张淳.基于Pro/E的可控制起动行星齿轮减速装置太阳轮三维建模及参数化设计[J].机械与电子,2008,(4):76～78
[10]汪宗兵.基于Pro/E的标准件参数化设计CAD系统的研究与开发[D]:硕士学位论文,2004.6:7～11
[11]黄恺,李蕾等.Pro/E参数化设计高级应用教程[N].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.2:17～19
[12]董亚峰,程鹏飞,黄莉.Pro/E运动仿真功能在实验教学中的应用[J]:山西农业大学学报,2007,6(5):74～75
[13]吴超.仿真虚拟实验室的构建理论与实现方法研究,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2004年6月
[14]张燕霞.基于虚拟仪器的传感器虚拟实验与虚拟实验室[D],南京航空航天大学自动化学院,2005
[15]王嫦娟.基于创建机械零件虚拟模型库的研究[J]:自动化与控制,2006.4:59～61
[16]杨小云.基于Pro_E的机械教学模型库的实践初探[J]:职业与教育,2007.10:63～64
[17]罗大兵.基于web的通用机械零部件虚拟原型库研究[J]:机械设计与制造,2006.4:86～88
[18]朱永强.驱动桥运动仿真[J]:拖拉机与农用运输车,2008.6:31、34
[19]张平霞.虚拟现实技术在汽车构造教学中的应用研究[J]:拖拉机与农用运输车,2010.4:78～79
[20]刘强.对现代教育平台_虚拟实验室的探讨[J]:重庆三峡学院学报,2004.4:117～118
[21]李红.画法几何及机械制图网络CAI教学系统的研究与开发[J]:工程图学学报,2009.6:164～165
[22]姜淑敏.机械基础网络交互式虚拟实验室的研究与实现[J]:实验室研究与探索,2005.9:17～19
[23]赵秋霞.机械设计过程中的虚拟装配设计[J]:装备制造技术,2008.9:106～107
[24]黄家泉.机械设备的仿真技术[J]:科技纵横,2009.7:184
[25]杜海霞.机械制图课程教学虚拟模型库的开发[J]:高师理科专刊,2009.4:85～87
[26] Rick Wallace,Microsoft Windows XP Professional[M].朱堂良,韩俊芝.北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[27] Technical Reference to the Windows 2000 Registry[EB/OL].Windows 2000 Resource Kit.
[28] MarkE.Russinovich,David A.Solomon深入解析Windows操作系统.第四版[M].潘爱民.北京:电子工业出版社.2007:143-178
[29] MSDN Library Visual Studio 6.0(CHS)[EB/OL].http://www.microsoft.com
[30] Barbara , John J.A Standard Level of Acceptability for Computer Forensics[J]. Standardization News,v34,n2,February,2006,p47-51.
[31] Rogers , Marcus K.The future of computer forensics:A needs analysis survey [J] .Computers and Security,v23,n1,February,2004,p12-16.
[32] Yun Wang,James Cannady and James Rosenbluth.Foundations of computer forensics:A technology for the fight against computer crime[J].Computer Law&Security Report,Volume 21,Issue 2,2005.
[33] Earnshaw,RJones,and Gigante,“Virtual Reality systems”.AcedemicPress.1996,P43-45
[34] Ross_Flanigan,Nancy.“The Virtues (and Vices) of Virtual Colleagues .”Technology Review (March_April 1998):52-59
[35] Warwick,K.Gray and J.Roberts,“Virtualreality in Engi- neering . Piscataway”NJ:IEEE.1993
[36] Iver Jacobson,James Rumbaugh,Grady Booch著,周伯生译,《统一开发过程》[J].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[37] Mark Priestly.《Practical Object-Oriented Design With UML》[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[38] Harel D,Gery E.Executable Object Modeling with Statecharts[J].IEEE Computer.1997,30(7)31-42.
[39] Chung-Ping Young,Wei-Lun Juang,Devaney M.J.Real-time Intranet-controlled virtualinstrument multiple-circuit power monitoring.Instrumentation and Measurement IEEETransactions on,Volume:49 Issue:3.June 2000.Pages 579-584.
[40] Shenchang Eric Chen,QuickTme VR An Image-Based Approach to Virtual EnvironmentNavigation,Apple Computer,Inc.
[41] Richard Szliski and Heung-Yeung Shum.Creating Full View Panoramic Image Mosaics and Environment Maps.Microsoft Research
[42] P.R.Adby,B.Sc,D.Phil.Applied Circuit Theory:Matrix and Computer Methods New York, ELLIS Hopwoop Limited ,1980.
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[2]刘璇.面向三维造型软件的协同设计系统:[硕士学位论文].天津:河北工业大学,2006
[3]宋浩杰.基于Web的网络虚拟实验室的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[4]伍红梅.基于Pro/E的数控功能部件运动仿真研究:[硕士学位论文].安徽:合肥工业大学,2009
[5]吕阳伟.基于网络的虚拟实验系统研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2008
[6]杨延波.基于Pro/E软件创建螺纹收尾特征方法的探讨[J].科技创新导报,2008,23:6～7
[7]韩玉龙.Pro/EngineerWildfire组件设计与运动仿真专业教程[N].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:246～257
[8]濮良贵,纪明刚.机械设计(第七版)[N].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.1:235～247
[9]杨立红,张淳.基于Pro/E的可控制起动行星齿轮减速装置太阳轮三维建模及参数化设计[J].机械与电子,2008,(4):76～78
[10]汪宗兵.基于Pro/E的标准件参数化设计CAD系统的研究与开发[D]:硕士学位论文,2004.6:7～11
[11]黄恺,李蕾等.Pro/E参数化设计高级应用教程[N].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.2:17～19
[12]董亚峰,程鹏飞,黄莉.Pro/E运动仿真功能在实验教学中的应用[J]:山西农业大学学报,2007,6(5):74～75
[13]吴超.仿真虚拟实验室的构建理论与实现方法研究,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2004年6月
[14]张燕霞.基于虚拟仪器的传感器虚拟实验与虚拟实验室[D],南京航空航天大学自动化学院,2005
[15]王嫦娟.基于创建机械零件虚拟模型库的研究[J]:自动化与控制,2006.4:59～61
[16]杨小云.基于Pro_E的机械教学模型库的实践初探[J]:职业与教育,2007.10:63～64
[17]罗大兵.基于web的通用机械零部件虚拟原型库研究[J]:机械设计与制造,2006.4:86～88
[18]朱永强.驱动桥运动仿真[J]:拖拉机与农用运输车,2008.6:31、34
[19]张平霞.虚拟现实技术在汽车构造教学中的应用研究[J]:拖拉机与农用运输车,2010.4:78～79
[20]刘强.对现代教育平台_虚拟实验室的探讨[J]:重庆三峡学院学报,2004.4:117～118
[21]李红.画法几何及机械制图网络CAI教学系统的研究与开发[J]:工程图学学报,2009.6:164～165
[22]姜淑敏.机械基础网络交互式虚拟实验室的研究与实现[J]:实验室研究与探索,2005.9:17～19
[23]赵秋霞.机械设计过程中的虚拟装配设计[J]:装备制造技术,2008.9:106～107
[24]黄家泉.机械设备的仿真技术[J]:科技纵横,2009.7:184
[25]杜海霞.机械制图课程教学虚拟模型库的开发[J]:高师理科专刊,2009.4:85～87
[26] Rick Wallace,Microsoft Windows XP Professional[M].朱堂良,韩俊芝.北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[27] Technical Reference to the Windows 2000 Registry[EB/OL].Windows 2000 Resource Kit.
[28] MarkE.Russinovich,David A.Solomon深入解析Windows操作系统.第四版[M].潘爱民.北京:电子工业出版社.2007:143-178
[29] MSDN Library Visual Studio 6.0(CHS)[EB/OL].http://www.microsoft.com
[30] Barbara , John J.A Standard Level of Acceptability for Computer Forensics[J]. Standardization News,v34,n2,February,2006,p47-51.
[31] Rogers , Marcus K.The future of computer forensics:A needs analysis survey [J] .Computers and Security,v23,n1,February,2004,p12-16.
[32] Yun Wang,James Cannady and James Rosenbluth.Foundations of computer forensics:A technology for the fight against computer crime[J].Computer Law&Security Report,Volume 21,Issue 2,2005.
[33] Earnshaw,RJones,and Gigante,“Virtual Reality systems”.AcedemicPress.1996,P43-45
[34] Ross_Flanigan,Nancy.“The Virtues (and Vices) of Virtual Colleagues .”Technology Review (March_April 1998):52-59
[35] Warwick,K.Gray and J.Roberts,“Virtualreality in Engi- neering . Piscataway”NJ:IEEE.1993
[36] Iver Jacobson,James Rumbaugh,Grady Booch著,周伯生译,《统一开发过程》[J].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[37] Mark Priestly.《Practical Object-Oriented Design With UML》[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[38] Harel D,Gery E.Executable Object Modeling with Statecharts[J].IEEE Computer.1997,30(7)31-42.
[39] Chung-Ping Young,Wei-Lun Juang,Devaney M.J.Real-time Intranet-controlled virtualinstrument multiple-circuit power monitoring.Instrumentation and Measurement IEEETransactions on,Volume:49 Issue:3.June 2000.Pages 579-584.
[40] Shenchang Eric Chen,QuickTme VR An Image-Based Approach to Virtual EnvironmentNavigation,Apple Computer,Inc.
[41] Richard Szliski and Heung-Yeung Shum.Creating Full View Panoramic Image Mosaics and Environment Maps.Microsoft Research
[42] P.R.Adby,B.Sc,D.Phil.Applied Circuit Theory:Matrix and Computer Methods New York, ELLIS Hopwoop Limited ,1980.
[43] Shaffer E.C.Mabry F.J.A student designed,web-based learning program for circuit analysis.FIE 2000 conference Session T2D 17-22.
[44] J Rumbaugh,M B1aha,W Prenerlani,ed al.Object-Oriented Modeling and Design [M] .Englewood Clifs(NJ):Prentice Hai1,1991.
[45]米志红等,网络化虚拟仪器的构思及实现,电子质量,2002年第3期
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