热动力系统仿真环境的研究与开发
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摘要
为了高效、低污染、合理利用能源，电站热力系统向着更加复杂化、大型化和多样化的方向发展。在新型热力系统、联合循环等大型热动力系统的分析研究过程中，在新产品开发和实施工程项目过程中，传统的方法难以满足在时间上、质量上的高要求而面临新的挑战。随着科学技术的飞速进步，应用计算机对实际热力系统进行模拟分析、优化设计已成为人们解决工程实际问题的一个十分重要的手段。因此，探讨热动力系统的先进的分析和研究方法，特别是开发出集成化的、技术水平高的、具有自主产权的、达到世界先进水平的商用化仿真软件包势在必行。
本文在对国内外电站热力系统建模与仿真研究进行广泛了解和分析的基础上，深入分析了图形化建模系统和仿真环境，结合当前的计算机技术和系统仿真技术，完成了以下工作：
①提出了建立热动力系统仿真环境的总体方案。该方案的基本思想是建立一个适用于工程分析和仿真培训装置开发的综合软件平台。在该平台的设计中，采用了分类模块库结构、可视化技术、分布式计算方法和人工智能技术。
②提出了两类S型模块的概念，使建模与仿真工作既保留了以设备为独立模块的优点，又可采用代数方程计算小容积节点的压力，提高了仿真运算速度和模型的工况适应能力。
③构造了一个良好的程序调试环境和仿真运行环境。用户可以以组态方式构造程序调试和仿真运行环境，在线选择数据、曲线、表格、系统图等信息显示方式。在程序调试环境中，采用了以输入参数和自动参数化结果为基础的输入参数、稳态参数的调试方法；与程序调试相关的所有功能可在一台高性能微机上实现，也可在局域网上运行，使用户可以多人独立进行整体仿真模型调试，也可共同调试。实际应用表明，整个调试环境具有快速、灵活的特点。
④在分析电站运行特点和故障特点的基础上，采用传统专家系统和人工神经网络相结合的方法，构造了基于知识库的操作指导系统，该系统可以为仿真培训装置提供一个智能导师系统，也可以为开发适用于实际现场的运行指导系统提供帮助。
⑤根据热力系统的分布特性，以设备、子系统之间的耦合性为特征，进行了分布式计算的研究工作，为建立高精度实时计算模型奠定了基础。
⑥完成了汽轮机、蒸发器、汽水分离器、管道等热力系统典型设备模块的开发工作，并进行了相应的系统测试和应用研究。
In order to utilize energy sources efficiently and reasonally with low pollution, the thermal power system of power plant is developing towards the trend of complication, greatness, diversification. While studying the new big thermal power system, such as combined-cycle system, developing new products and implementing engineering project, traditional methods are facing new challenge for their failure to meet higher request in quality and time. With the rapid development science and technology, it is possible to make a simulated analysis and optimized design by the means of computer. Consequently, it is imperative to make out an advanced method applied in analysing thermal power system, especially to develop integrated advanced commercial simulation software with its own property right.
On the basis of extensive research on the modeling and simulation of the thermal power system in power station abroad and domestic, this dissertation makes a deep analysis in graphic modeling system and simulation environment. The following tasks are complished with the aid of current computer thchnology and system simulation technology. They are:
①An overall plan of establishing simulation environment in thermal power system is proposed. The basic idea of this plan is to establish a comprehensive (multi-funtional) software platform for engineering analysis and developing simulation test instruments. Designing the platform that utilizes classified model database, visualization technology, distributed caculation method and artificial intelligence technology, which guarantees its flexibility, promptness, and popularity.
②Two concepts of s-type module are put forward, which are applied in graphic modeling so that the advantage of taking equipments as independent module is kept. Meanwhile, simulation computation is speeden and model adaptability is expanden by the utilization of algebra equation.
③A good enviornment of programme debugging and simulation running is set up. Users can construct programme debugging and simulation running environment by configuration, moreever, they can select on-line information models such as data, graph, table and system diagram, which enables researchers to implement simulation activities quickly. In terms of programe debugging environment, the debugging method of input parameters and static parameters are used on the basis of input parameters and
auto-parameters results. All the functions of programe debugging can be realized on one high performance computer or on LAN. The simulation model can be debugging many reserchers, individually or collectively. Practical application shows the flexibility and swiftness of this debugging environment.
④After analysing the operation characteristics and fualts analysis of power station, operation guide system comes into being on the basis of knowledge database by combining traditional expert system and artificial neural network. The system can provide an intelligent Tutoring System for training simulators, and can also provide suitable practical help for operation guide system.
⑤Based on the distribution features of thermal power system and the coupling features between the two equipments or subsystems, the distributed study work are underwent, which lays a fundation for establishing real time computation model with high precision.
⑥The modules of important thermal power system equipments such as steam turbine, evaporator, steam-water separator and pipe are developed. System testing and application works are also completed.
本文在对国内外电站热力系统建模与仿真研究进行广泛了解和分析的基础上，深入分析了图形化建模系统和仿真环境，结合当前的计算机技术和系统仿真技术，完成了以下工作：
①提出了建立热动力系统仿真环境的总体方案。该方案的基本思想是建立一个适用于工程分析和仿真培训装置开发的综合软件平台。在该平台的设计中，采用了分类模块库结构、可视化技术、分布式计算方法和人工智能技术。
②提出了两类S型模块的概念，使建模与仿真工作既保留了以设备为独立模块的优点，又可采用代数方程计算小容积节点的压力，提高了仿真运算速度和模型的工况适应能力。
③构造了一个良好的程序调试环境和仿真运行环境。用户可以以组态方式构造程序调试和仿真运行环境，在线选择数据、曲线、表格、系统图等信息显示方式。在程序调试环境中，采用了以输入参数和自动参数化结果为基础的输入参数、稳态参数的调试方法；与程序调试相关的所有功能可在一台高性能微机上实现，也可在局域网上运行，使用户可以多人独立进行整体仿真模型调试，也可共同调试。实际应用表明，整个调试环境具有快速、灵活的特点。
④在分析电站运行特点和故障特点的基础上，采用传统专家系统和人工神经网络相结合的方法，构造了基于知识库的操作指导系统，该系统可以为仿真培训装置提供一个智能导师系统，也可以为开发适用于实际现场的运行指导系统提供帮助。
⑤根据热力系统的分布特性，以设备、子系统之间的耦合性为特征，进行了分布式计算的研究工作，为建立高精度实时计算模型奠定了基础。
⑥完成了汽轮机、蒸发器、汽水分离器、管道等热力系统典型设备模块的开发工作，并进行了相应的系统测试和应用研究。
In order to utilize energy sources efficiently and reasonally with low pollution, the thermal power system of power plant is developing towards the trend of complication, greatness, diversification. While studying the new big thermal power system, such as combined-cycle system, developing new products and implementing engineering project, traditional methods are facing new challenge for their failure to meet higher request in quality and time. With the rapid development science and technology, it is possible to make a simulated analysis and optimized design by the means of computer. Consequently, it is imperative to make out an advanced method applied in analysing thermal power system, especially to develop integrated advanced commercial simulation software with its own property right.
On the basis of extensive research on the modeling and simulation of the thermal power system in power station abroad and domestic, this dissertation makes a deep analysis in graphic modeling system and simulation environment. The following tasks are complished with the aid of current computer thchnology and system simulation technology. They are:
①An overall plan of establishing simulation environment in thermal power system is proposed. The basic idea of this plan is to establish a comprehensive (multi-funtional) software platform for engineering analysis and developing simulation test instruments. Designing the platform that utilizes classified model database, visualization technology, distributed caculation method and artificial intelligence technology, which guarantees its flexibility, promptness, and popularity.
②Two concepts of s-type module are put forward, which are applied in graphic modeling so that the advantage of taking equipments as independent module is kept. Meanwhile, simulation computation is speeden and model adaptability is expanden by the utilization of algebra equation.
③A good enviornment of programme debugging and simulation running is set up. Users can construct programme debugging and simulation running environment by configuration, moreever, they can select on-line information models such as data, graph, table and system diagram, which enables researchers to implement simulation activities quickly. In terms of programe debugging environment, the debugging method of input parameters and static parameters are used on the basis of input parameters and
auto-parameters results. All the functions of programe debugging can be realized on one high performance computer or on LAN. The simulation model can be debugging many reserchers, individually or collectively. Practical application shows the flexibility and swiftness of this debugging environment.
④After analysing the operation characteristics and fualts analysis of power station, operation guide system comes into being on the basis of knowledge database by combining traditional expert system and artificial neural network. The system can provide an intelligent Tutoring System for training simulators, and can also provide suitable practical help for operation guide system.
⑤Based on the distribution features of thermal power system and the coupling features between the two equipments or subsystems, the distributed study work are underwent, which lays a fundation for establishing real time computation model with high precision.
⑥The modules of important thermal power system equipments such as steam turbine, evaporator, steam-water separator and pipe are developed. System testing and application works are also completed.
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