列车通信系统信道复用技术的研究
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摘要
随着轨道车辆的高速现代化发展和对控制网络可靠性、安全性及实时性要求的不断提高,多功能车辆总线MVB已成为当代车辆的通信总线标准,它与绞线式列车总线WTB构成TCN网络的两级总线。与此同时,车载信息网络(音频广播、视频监控等)的快速发展对列车通信系统提出更高的带宽要求。而考虑列车空间的局限性及成本的要求,如何在不增设新的通信线路又能够满足原有控制网络可靠性指标的前提下设计和开发效率更高的通信系统是本文追求的目标,因此提出一种“列车控制+乘客信息系统”合一车载网络(Train Control-Passenger Information System, TC-PIS)的设计理念,在已有的列车控制网络上,采用正交频分复用(OFDM)技术同时传输多媒体信息,实现列车通信系统信道复用,通过本课题的研究有助于解决目前列车控制网络和信息网络相融合所面临的技术难题。本论文完成的主要工作及获得的创新性成果如下：
1.MVB基带传输系统的研究。分析和研究数字基带信号功率谱和误码率,在对典型基带信号功率谱建模仿真及对具有高数据传输率的以太网物理层编码的研究基础上,建立了MVB信号码元数学模型,推导出MVB帧头频谱函数,在对MVB报文进一步分析研究后,计算并仿真了MVB基带信号功率谱。采用增加带限滤波器的设计方法,在确保基带传输系统正常安全运行的同时,降低基带信号对高频载波信号的干扰,优化了MVB基带传输系统的带宽。
2.MVB传输介质信道特性的研究。以MVB物理层专用屏蔽双绞线为研究对象,根据传输线理论,分析其等效电路,建立其数值模型。采用最小二乘法数值拟合的方法推导出MVB物理层介质的数值模型参数,建立RLCG数值模型,并对R、L、C和G的频率特性进行仿真分析,得出传输线的衰减特性、特征阻抗、可用带宽、信道容量等指标参数,同时分析了列车运行环境下的信道干扰情况。最后对MVB传输电缆进行大量测试实验,验证模型的正确性。
3.TC-PIS仿真模型的建立。以MVB基带传输系统与信道特性为基础,建立了基于OFDM的TC-PIS系统模型,并针对该系统提出了一种基于自适应相关窗的G个连续符号的ML估计的优化同步算法。根据所设计的系统参数进行了OFDM系统各关键点的信号仿真分析,从接收信号星座图以及误码率曲线可以看出,在保持一定信噪比的情况下,系统能够正确地实现数据的调制与解调,实现数据的快速可靠传输。此外,在该系统模型的基础上对基带与载波同时传输时的抗干扰性能进行了研究和仿真分析,通过系统参数的优化设计,保证了基带与载波传输的互不干扰。
4.搭建满足TC-PIS系统实验及测试需求的试验平台。建立列车控制网络TCN实验平台和列车多媒体信息系统,在此基础上,实现TC-PIS样机系统,包括三个MVB网络设备和两个OFDM节点。采用FPGA实现OFDM收发机,并设计实现线路驱动放大及耦合电路,对整个系统进行前端EDA仿真验证之后,进行了板级调试,通过大量仿真和试验,对控制网络MVB和本文提出的TC-PIS系统的性能指标进行了测试与分析,验证本文研究的正确性和可行性。
最后,在总结全文研究内容的基础上,给出了论文研究过程中得到的思考和结论,提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的问题。
ABSTRACT:With the rapid modernized development of rail vehicles and increasing requirements of reliability, safety and real-time for the control network of rail vehicles, the Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) has become a communication bus standard for modern vehicles and forms a two-level bus of Train Control Network (TCN) together with the Wire Train Bus (WTB). Meanwhile, rapid development of on-vehicle information network (audio broadcasting, video monitoring, etc.) has proposed a much higher requirement for the bandwidth of the train communication system. Therefore, an object of this dissertation is to design and develop a more effective communication system without adding new communication lines while ensuring reliability of the existing control network with consideration of vehicle's spatial limitation and requirements for cost. Thus, there is proposed an idea of TC-PIS (Train Control Passenger Information System) in which additional multimedia information using OFDM technology is incorporated into the existing train control network to implement channel multiplexing of train communication system. Through the research of this task, it is helpful to solve technical problems faced with the combination of train control network and information network currently. The finished main work and the obtained novel results are as follows:
1. Research of the MVB baseband transmission system. Analysis and research on a typical digital baseband power spectrum and bit error rate, On the basis of modeling and simulation of typical baseband signal power spectrum and research on Ethernet physical layer coding, a mathematical model of MVB code is established and a MVB frame head frequency spectrum function is deduced. Moreover, on the basis of further analysis and research on MVB telegrams, a MVB baseband signal power spectrum is calculated and simulated. Using a design of band-limited filter which can ensure normal safe operation of the baseband transmission system, at the same time which can reduces interference of the baseband signal on the high frequency carrier signal, thus optimizing the bandwidth of the MVB baseband transmission system.
2. Research of channel characteristics of MVB transmission medium. This dissertation focuses on the MVB's physical layer media, analyzes its equivalent circuit and establishes its numerical model based on the traditional transmission line theory. The numerical model parameters of the MVB cable are deduced by using a least squares numerical fitting method, a RLCG numerical model is established, and frequency characteristics of R, L, C and G are simulated and analyzed, thus to obtain the cable's attenuation characteristics, characteristic impedance, available bandwidth, channel capacity and so on. Meanwhile, interference condition in the channel when the train is running is analyzed. Finally, the correctness of the model is verified by a large number of experiments on the MVB cable.
3. Establishment of the TC-PIS simulation model. On the basis of MVB baseband transmission system and its channel characteristics, an OFDM-based TC-PIS system model is established, and an optimized synchronization algorithm for ML estimation method of G consecutive symbols based on adaptive correlation window is proposed with respect to the TC-PIS system.Signal simulation and analysis of each key point is performed in accordance with the designed parameters. As can be seen from the signal constellation and curve of BER, in case of keeping a certain SNR, the system can properly achieve modulation and demodulation of data and ensure rapid and reliable transmission of data. Furthermore, the anti-interference performance when the baseband and the carrier are transmitted simultaneously is researched and simulated based on this model, and through the optimized design of the parameters, no interference between transmission of baseband and carrier is ensured.
4. A test platform satisfying the TC-PIS network experiment and test requirements is established, including a train control network and a train multi-media information system. On this basis, the TC-PIS prototype system is implemented, which includes three MVB devices and two OFDM nodes. The OFDM transceiver is implemented using FPGA, and a circuit enabling driving amplification and coupling is designed. After a front end EDA simulation verification is performed on the whole system, a board-level debugging is performed. Performance indexes of MVB control network and the TC-PIS system proposed in this dissertation are tested and analyzed through numerous simulation and test, to verify the correctness and feasibility of this research.
At last, based on the summary of the research contents in this paper, thoughts and conclusions obtained during the research are presented, and some problems required to be further researched deeply are provided.
1.MVB基带传输系统的研究。分析和研究数字基带信号功率谱和误码率,在对典型基带信号功率谱建模仿真及对具有高数据传输率的以太网物理层编码的研究基础上,建立了MVB信号码元数学模型,推导出MVB帧头频谱函数,在对MVB报文进一步分析研究后,计算并仿真了MVB基带信号功率谱。采用增加带限滤波器的设计方法,在确保基带传输系统正常安全运行的同时,降低基带信号对高频载波信号的干扰,优化了MVB基带传输系统的带宽。
2.MVB传输介质信道特性的研究。以MVB物理层专用屏蔽双绞线为研究对象,根据传输线理论,分析其等效电路,建立其数值模型。采用最小二乘法数值拟合的方法推导出MVB物理层介质的数值模型参数,建立RLCG数值模型,并对R、L、C和G的频率特性进行仿真分析,得出传输线的衰减特性、特征阻抗、可用带宽、信道容量等指标参数,同时分析了列车运行环境下的信道干扰情况。最后对MVB传输电缆进行大量测试实验,验证模型的正确性。
3.TC-PIS仿真模型的建立。以MVB基带传输系统与信道特性为基础,建立了基于OFDM的TC-PIS系统模型,并针对该系统提出了一种基于自适应相关窗的G个连续符号的ML估计的优化同步算法。根据所设计的系统参数进行了OFDM系统各关键点的信号仿真分析,从接收信号星座图以及误码率曲线可以看出,在保持一定信噪比的情况下,系统能够正确地实现数据的调制与解调,实现数据的快速可靠传输。此外,在该系统模型的基础上对基带与载波同时传输时的抗干扰性能进行了研究和仿真分析,通过系统参数的优化设计,保证了基带与载波传输的互不干扰。
4.搭建满足TC-PIS系统实验及测试需求的试验平台。建立列车控制网络TCN实验平台和列车多媒体信息系统,在此基础上,实现TC-PIS样机系统,包括三个MVB网络设备和两个OFDM节点。采用FPGA实现OFDM收发机,并设计实现线路驱动放大及耦合电路,对整个系统进行前端EDA仿真验证之后,进行了板级调试,通过大量仿真和试验,对控制网络MVB和本文提出的TC-PIS系统的性能指标进行了测试与分析,验证本文研究的正确性和可行性。
最后,在总结全文研究内容的基础上,给出了论文研究过程中得到的思考和结论,提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的问题。
ABSTRACT:With the rapid modernized development of rail vehicles and increasing requirements of reliability, safety and real-time for the control network of rail vehicles, the Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) has become a communication bus standard for modern vehicles and forms a two-level bus of Train Control Network (TCN) together with the Wire Train Bus (WTB). Meanwhile, rapid development of on-vehicle information network (audio broadcasting, video monitoring, etc.) has proposed a much higher requirement for the bandwidth of the train communication system. Therefore, an object of this dissertation is to design and develop a more effective communication system without adding new communication lines while ensuring reliability of the existing control network with consideration of vehicle's spatial limitation and requirements for cost. Thus, there is proposed an idea of TC-PIS (Train Control Passenger Information System) in which additional multimedia information using OFDM technology is incorporated into the existing train control network to implement channel multiplexing of train communication system. Through the research of this task, it is helpful to solve technical problems faced with the combination of train control network and information network currently. The finished main work and the obtained novel results are as follows:
1. Research of the MVB baseband transmission system. Analysis and research on a typical digital baseband power spectrum and bit error rate, On the basis of modeling and simulation of typical baseband signal power spectrum and research on Ethernet physical layer coding, a mathematical model of MVB code is established and a MVB frame head frequency spectrum function is deduced. Moreover, on the basis of further analysis and research on MVB telegrams, a MVB baseband signal power spectrum is calculated and simulated. Using a design of band-limited filter which can ensure normal safe operation of the baseband transmission system, at the same time which can reduces interference of the baseband signal on the high frequency carrier signal, thus optimizing the bandwidth of the MVB baseband transmission system.
2. Research of channel characteristics of MVB transmission medium. This dissertation focuses on the MVB's physical layer media, analyzes its equivalent circuit and establishes its numerical model based on the traditional transmission line theory. The numerical model parameters of the MVB cable are deduced by using a least squares numerical fitting method, a RLCG numerical model is established, and frequency characteristics of R, L, C and G are simulated and analyzed, thus to obtain the cable's attenuation characteristics, characteristic impedance, available bandwidth, channel capacity and so on. Meanwhile, interference condition in the channel when the train is running is analyzed. Finally, the correctness of the model is verified by a large number of experiments on the MVB cable.
3. Establishment of the TC-PIS simulation model. On the basis of MVB baseband transmission system and its channel characteristics, an OFDM-based TC-PIS system model is established, and an optimized synchronization algorithm for ML estimation method of G consecutive symbols based on adaptive correlation window is proposed with respect to the TC-PIS system.Signal simulation and analysis of each key point is performed in accordance with the designed parameters. As can be seen from the signal constellation and curve of BER, in case of keeping a certain SNR, the system can properly achieve modulation and demodulation of data and ensure rapid and reliable transmission of data. Furthermore, the anti-interference performance when the baseband and the carrier are transmitted simultaneously is researched and simulated based on this model, and through the optimized design of the parameters, no interference between transmission of baseband and carrier is ensured.
4. A test platform satisfying the TC-PIS network experiment and test requirements is established, including a train control network and a train multi-media information system. On this basis, the TC-PIS prototype system is implemented, which includes three MVB devices and two OFDM nodes. The OFDM transceiver is implemented using FPGA, and a circuit enabling driving amplification and coupling is designed. After a front end EDA simulation verification is performed on the whole system, a board-level debugging is performed. Performance indexes of MVB control network and the TC-PIS system proposed in this dissertation are tested and analyzed through numerous simulation and test, to verify the correctness and feasibility of this research.
At last, based on the summary of the research contents in this paper, thoughts and conclusions obtained during the research are presented, and some problems required to be further researched deeply are provided.
引文
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