太湖流域农户环境友好型新技术采用行为研究
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摘要
在社会主义新农村建设中,农业新技术的推广与应用对推动农业科技进步、发展现代化农业等至关重要,建设高产、优质、高效的可持续发展农业是中国由传统农业向现代农业转变的必由之路。尤其是随着农业生产投入的不断增加,加上农业面源污染涉及范围广、随机性大、控制难度大,农业面源污染已成为制约我们现代农业发展的瓶颈,因此,如何推广环境友好型新技术以缓解农业面源污染已成为摆在我们面前的一个迫在眉睫的问题。推广环境友好型新技术益处良多,不仅可以大幅提高肥料利用率、降低农药毒性,减轻环境污染,而且还可以大幅提高作物产量,增加农民收入。
基于以上背景,本文选择太湖流域为研究区域,通过对该区域农户环境友好型新技术(测土配方施肥技术、机插秧技术)的采用行为进行分析,探寻影响农户新技术采用行为的因素,并为如何提高太湖流域环境友好型新技术的使用水平提出具有可操作性的政策建议。本文主要运用理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法,采用Logistic二元选择模型进计量分析,内容主要包括：
首先,在对国内外相关文献进行研究综述的基础上,构建影响农户新技术采用行为的理论框架,对样本区域基本情况进行调查,根据当地实际情况,选取可能会对农户技术采用行产生影响的指标；
其次,对太湖流域无锡、常州及镇江三市进行实地调研,利用调研数据,运用描述性统计的方法对农户新技术采用情况进行详细的分析,并作单样本t检验；
再次,运用Logistic计量模型,揭示影响农户新技术采用行为的因素,研究结果表明：户主的年龄、信息获取渠道、风险偏好、技术培训或指导、与农技员接触次数、地区虚拟变量与农户是否采用配方施肥技术达到了显著的相关关系；户主的年龄、受教育年限、风险偏好、技术指导或培训、地区虚拟变量对农户是否采用机插秧技术产生了显著的影响；
最后,基于以上的分析,就如何推广环境友好型农业新技术提出政策建议,认为应该健全多层次的农技培训机制,提高农户的农技专业知识,加大对新技术的宣传和推广力度,实现推广渠道的多元化,对采用新技术的农户进行适当的补贴等,以促进太湖流域农户新技术的推广
During the construction of the new socialist countryside, the extension and adoption of new agricultural technology has played an important role in promoting agricultural science and technology progress, developing modern agriculture. Build sustainable development agriculture of high-yield, high-quality, efficient is the only way for China to transform from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Especially with the increasing investment in agricultural production, and agricultural non-point source pollution involves in a wide range, a large random, difficult to control, agricultural non-point source pollution has become a bottleneck for the development of the modern agriculture in China. Therefore, how to promote environmental-friendly new technology to mitigate the agricultural non-point source pollution has become an immediate problem. Promoting the environmental-friendly new technology has a lot of benefits, not only increasing substantially the fertilizer utilization, reducing the toxicity of pesticide and environmental pollution, but also increasing the crop yields and farmers'income substantially.
Under such a background, the paper choose Taihu Lake Basin for the study area, seeking the factors that influence the farmers'new technology adoption, and propose workable policy recommendations for how to improve the adoption level of environment-friendly new technology by researching the farmers'environment-friendly new technology behavior. The main method of this paper is the combination of the theory analysis and the positive analysis, and the mathematics model is the Cumulative Logistic Model, and main contents include:
Firstly, basing on the review of the interrelated literature at home and abroad, construct a theoretical framework that influence farmers'new technology using behavior, invest the basic situation of the sampling area and choose the influencing indicators according to the local conditions.
Secondly, a spot investigation was done in Wuxi, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang city in Tai lake basin area, use the research data and descriptive statistical methods to conduct a detailed analysis of the farmers'new technology adoption and make independent samples t-test.
Thirdly, use the Cumulative Logistic Model and reveal the factors that influence the farmers'technology adoption behavior. The results show that:age of head of household, access to information, risk appetite, technical training or guidance, the frequency contact with agricultural extension workers, regional dummy variables have positive or negative significant correlations with farmers'formula fertilization technology adoption behavior; age of head of household, years of education, risk appetite, land fragmentation, technical training or guidance, regional dummy variables have positive or negative significant correlations with farmers'mechanic transplanting technology adoption behavior.
Finally, based on the above conclusions, make the policy recommendations on how to promote environment-friendly new technology, including sound multi-level agricultural training system, increase farmers'agricultural professional knowledge, strengthen the publicity and promotion of the new technology, establish a wide range of promotional channels, give appropriate subsidies to farmers and so on to promote the new technology in Taihu lake basin.
基于以上背景,本文选择太湖流域为研究区域,通过对该区域农户环境友好型新技术(测土配方施肥技术、机插秧技术)的采用行为进行分析,探寻影响农户新技术采用行为的因素,并为如何提高太湖流域环境友好型新技术的使用水平提出具有可操作性的政策建议。本文主要运用理论分析与实证研究相结合的方法,采用Logistic二元选择模型进计量分析,内容主要包括：
首先,在对国内外相关文献进行研究综述的基础上,构建影响农户新技术采用行为的理论框架,对样本区域基本情况进行调查,根据当地实际情况,选取可能会对农户技术采用行产生影响的指标；
其次,对太湖流域无锡、常州及镇江三市进行实地调研,利用调研数据,运用描述性统计的方法对农户新技术采用情况进行详细的分析,并作单样本t检验；
再次,运用Logistic计量模型,揭示影响农户新技术采用行为的因素,研究结果表明：户主的年龄、信息获取渠道、风险偏好、技术培训或指导、与农技员接触次数、地区虚拟变量与农户是否采用配方施肥技术达到了显著的相关关系；户主的年龄、受教育年限、风险偏好、技术指导或培训、地区虚拟变量对农户是否采用机插秧技术产生了显著的影响；
最后,基于以上的分析,就如何推广环境友好型农业新技术提出政策建议,认为应该健全多层次的农技培训机制,提高农户的农技专业知识,加大对新技术的宣传和推广力度,实现推广渠道的多元化,对采用新技术的农户进行适当的补贴等,以促进太湖流域农户新技术的推广
During the construction of the new socialist countryside, the extension and adoption of new agricultural technology has played an important role in promoting agricultural science and technology progress, developing modern agriculture. Build sustainable development agriculture of high-yield, high-quality, efficient is the only way for China to transform from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Especially with the increasing investment in agricultural production, and agricultural non-point source pollution involves in a wide range, a large random, difficult to control, agricultural non-point source pollution has become a bottleneck for the development of the modern agriculture in China. Therefore, how to promote environmental-friendly new technology to mitigate the agricultural non-point source pollution has become an immediate problem. Promoting the environmental-friendly new technology has a lot of benefits, not only increasing substantially the fertilizer utilization, reducing the toxicity of pesticide and environmental pollution, but also increasing the crop yields and farmers'income substantially.
Under such a background, the paper choose Taihu Lake Basin for the study area, seeking the factors that influence the farmers'new technology adoption, and propose workable policy recommendations for how to improve the adoption level of environment-friendly new technology by researching the farmers'environment-friendly new technology behavior. The main method of this paper is the combination of the theory analysis and the positive analysis, and the mathematics model is the Cumulative Logistic Model, and main contents include:
Firstly, basing on the review of the interrelated literature at home and abroad, construct a theoretical framework that influence farmers'new technology using behavior, invest the basic situation of the sampling area and choose the influencing indicators according to the local conditions.
Secondly, a spot investigation was done in Wuxi, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang city in Tai lake basin area, use the research data and descriptive statistical methods to conduct a detailed analysis of the farmers'new technology adoption and make independent samples t-test.
Thirdly, use the Cumulative Logistic Model and reveal the factors that influence the farmers'technology adoption behavior. The results show that:age of head of household, access to information, risk appetite, technical training or guidance, the frequency contact with agricultural extension workers, regional dummy variables have positive or negative significant correlations with farmers'formula fertilization technology adoption behavior; age of head of household, years of education, risk appetite, land fragmentation, technical training or guidance, regional dummy variables have positive or negative significant correlations with farmers'mechanic transplanting technology adoption behavior.
Finally, based on the above conclusions, make the policy recommendations on how to promote environment-friendly new technology, including sound multi-level agricultural training system, increase farmers'agricultural professional knowledge, strengthen the publicity and promotion of the new technology, establish a wide range of promotional channels, give appropriate subsidies to farmers and so on to promote the new technology in Taihu lake basin.
引文
1 注：农村面源污染排放量包括农业生产、农村生活和位于农村的小型企业。
2 3太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
1 太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
2 2008年5月在太湖流域地方农林局进行初调,7月在太湖流域32个村进行大规模调研。
1 太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
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2 3太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
1 太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
2 2008年5月在太湖流域地方农林局进行初调,7月在太湖流域32个村进行大规模调研。
1 太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案,发展改革委员会会同有关部门和地方编制,2008,04
[1]舒尔茨.改造传统农业,商务印书,1998-08
[2]张慰文,石敏俊,黄祖辉.控制非点源污染的政策情景模拟：以太湖流域的平湖市为例[J].中国农业经济,2006(3)：40-47
[3]王光火、张奇春、黄昌勇.提高水稻氮肥利用率、控制氮肥污染的新途径—SSNM浙江大学学报：农业与生命科学版,2003,29(1)
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