地下水封石油洞库渗流场及溶质运移模拟研究
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摘要
本论文是在某地下水封石油洞库工程环境影响评价项目基础上完成的。石油储备关系着国家政治和经济的安全,近年来我国已开始着手建设大规模的石油储备基地,而地下水封石油洞库将成为其重要方式之一。
首先介绍了地下水封石油洞库发展现状及地下水水流和水质模拟现状,分析了国内外的研究进展。之后全面分析了研究区的水文气象条件、地质条件、环境水文地质特征,介绍了该地下水封石油洞库的工程概况。
在现场调查和资料分析的基础上,对研究区水文地质条件和地下水封石油洞库、水幕系统进行了概化,利用Visual MODFLOW软件分别建立了无水幕和有水幕条件下的地下水模型,模拟了地下水封石油洞库区的渗流场。利用所建模型预报了两种条件下洞库开挖后1年、2年和运营期5年、10年、20年、50年时典型剖面水头分布,并计算了各时段涌入地下水封石油洞库的涌水量、区域地下水降落漏斗扩展情况及洞库上方地下水位变化情况等。通过对不同时段的计算结果进行对比,分析了水幕系统在保证储油安全及保护地下水资源方面的重要作用,说明了水幕系统在地下水封石油洞库中的必要性。
建立了该区溶质运移数值模拟模型,据水质现状调查确定了研究区及洞库石油类和IDMn的初始浓度分布,通过水文地质条件分析及资料类比确定了研究区的弥散度,联合运行水流模型预报了洞库运营20年和50年时库区的石油类和IDMn浓度分布情况。通过结果分析可知,油库及其周围溶质浓度均没有显著变化,基本上在初始浓度上略有变化,在正常储存时,研究区水封油库原油不会对其周围地下水造成影响,验证了地下水封洞库储油原理。
最后对地下水水流模型及溶质运移模型的模拟结果进行了系统分析,并根据项目特点和模拟结果提出了一系列相应的地下水环境保护措施和建议。
The petroleum reservation has direct relationship with the political and economic security, so some large-scale petroleum storage stations have been constructing in recent years, one of the most important way is the underground petroleum storage caverns.
The first part consists of the working principle, the research development of the underground petroleum storage caverns and the groundwater flow and solute transport. Then the hydrometeorologic conditions, the geological conditions and the hydrogeologic characteristic are analyzed. In chapter 3, the engineering situation of the Underground Petroleum Storage Caverns is introduced.
On the basis of the on-site investigation and data analysis, the hydrogeologic conditions and the underground petroleum storage caverns and the water curtain system are generalized. To simulate the seepage field in the study area, two flow models, one with water curtains and the other without, are created using Visual MODFLOW. The water head distribution in the first and second year after the caverns are excavated and in the 5th, 10th, 20th, 50th year of the operational phase on the typical profile is forecasted on the two conditions. The quantity of gushing groundwater and the extending of groundwater depression cone as well as the groundwater level variation over the caverns are estimated by running the models. By comparing of the results on the two conditions, the importance of the water curtain on the safety of oil storage and groundwater resource protection is verified by numerical simulation method. The conclusion shows that the water curtain is necessary for underground petroleum caverns.
The numerical model of solute transport in study area was created, and the initial concentration in the study area and the caverns was determined by the present water quality investigation. The dispersity was fitted by analogy of the hydrogeologic conditions. Running the model with the flow model, the concentration distribution of petroleum and IDMn on the typical profile is achieved. According to the results, the solute concentration has no obvious change, and there is only a small difference with the initial concentration. The underground petroleum caverns won’t have adverse effect on the groundwater environment when normally operated, so it is a feasible method for petroleum storage.
In the last chapter, the simulation results of the flow model and the solute model are analyzed systematically, and a series of groundwater protection methods and suggestions are given in response to the characters of the project and the simulation results.
首先介绍了地下水封石油洞库发展现状及地下水水流和水质模拟现状,分析了国内外的研究进展。之后全面分析了研究区的水文气象条件、地质条件、环境水文地质特征,介绍了该地下水封石油洞库的工程概况。
在现场调查和资料分析的基础上,对研究区水文地质条件和地下水封石油洞库、水幕系统进行了概化,利用Visual MODFLOW软件分别建立了无水幕和有水幕条件下的地下水模型,模拟了地下水封石油洞库区的渗流场。利用所建模型预报了两种条件下洞库开挖后1年、2年和运营期5年、10年、20年、50年时典型剖面水头分布,并计算了各时段涌入地下水封石油洞库的涌水量、区域地下水降落漏斗扩展情况及洞库上方地下水位变化情况等。通过对不同时段的计算结果进行对比,分析了水幕系统在保证储油安全及保护地下水资源方面的重要作用,说明了水幕系统在地下水封石油洞库中的必要性。
建立了该区溶质运移数值模拟模型,据水质现状调查确定了研究区及洞库石油类和IDMn的初始浓度分布,通过水文地质条件分析及资料类比确定了研究区的弥散度,联合运行水流模型预报了洞库运营20年和50年时库区的石油类和IDMn浓度分布情况。通过结果分析可知,油库及其周围溶质浓度均没有显著变化,基本上在初始浓度上略有变化,在正常储存时,研究区水封油库原油不会对其周围地下水造成影响,验证了地下水封洞库储油原理。
最后对地下水水流模型及溶质运移模型的模拟结果进行了系统分析,并根据项目特点和模拟结果提出了一系列相应的地下水环境保护措施和建议。
The petroleum reservation has direct relationship with the political and economic security, so some large-scale petroleum storage stations have been constructing in recent years, one of the most important way is the underground petroleum storage caverns.
The first part consists of the working principle, the research development of the underground petroleum storage caverns and the groundwater flow and solute transport. Then the hydrometeorologic conditions, the geological conditions and the hydrogeologic characteristic are analyzed. In chapter 3, the engineering situation of the Underground Petroleum Storage Caverns is introduced.
On the basis of the on-site investigation and data analysis, the hydrogeologic conditions and the underground petroleum storage caverns and the water curtain system are generalized. To simulate the seepage field in the study area, two flow models, one with water curtains and the other without, are created using Visual MODFLOW. The water head distribution in the first and second year after the caverns are excavated and in the 5th, 10th, 20th, 50th year of the operational phase on the typical profile is forecasted on the two conditions. The quantity of gushing groundwater and the extending of groundwater depression cone as well as the groundwater level variation over the caverns are estimated by running the models. By comparing of the results on the two conditions, the importance of the water curtain on the safety of oil storage and groundwater resource protection is verified by numerical simulation method. The conclusion shows that the water curtain is necessary for underground petroleum caverns.
The numerical model of solute transport in study area was created, and the initial concentration in the study area and the caverns was determined by the present water quality investigation. The dispersity was fitted by analogy of the hydrogeologic conditions. Running the model with the flow model, the concentration distribution of petroleum and IDMn on the typical profile is achieved. According to the results, the solute concentration has no obvious change, and there is only a small difference with the initial concentration. The underground petroleum caverns won’t have adverse effect on the groundwater environment when normally operated, so it is a feasible method for petroleum storage.
In the last chapter, the simulation results of the flow model and the solute model are analyzed systematically, and a series of groundwater protection methods and suggestions are given in response to the characters of the project and the simulation results.
引文
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[2]杨明举,关宝树.地下水封储气洞库原理及数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):301～305
[3]陈奇,李俊彦.地下水封石洞油库岩爆灾害预测评估——以某地下水封石洞油库实际工程为例[J].地球与环境,2005,33增,369-374
[4]杨明举,关宝树.水封式地下储气洞库的应用及研究[J].地下空间,2000,171-175
[5]王芝银,李云鹏等.大型地下储油洞粘弹性稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2005, 26(11):1705-1710
[6]杜国敏,耿晓梅等.国外地下水封岩洞石油库的建设与发展[J].油气储运, 2006,25(4),5～6
[7]杨森,于连兴,杜胜伟.地下洞库作为国家原油储备库的可行性分析[J].油气储运,2004 23(7):22-24
[8] T.Kim K.-K. Lee, K.S. Ko, H.W. Chang. Groundwater flow system inferred from hydraulic stresses and heads at an underground LPG storage cavern site[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,236:165-184
[9]张振刚,谭忠盛.水封式LPG地下储库渗流场三维分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(3): 331-335
[10]王金生,王长申,滕彦国.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,2006,37(5): 525-533
[11]徐乐昌.地下水模拟常用软件介绍[J].铀矿冶,2002,21(1):33-38
[12]魏文清,马长明,魏文炳.地下水数值模拟的建模方法及应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(260):25-28
[13]祝晓彬.地下水模拟系统(GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质.2003:53-55
[14]尹大凯,胡和平,惠士博.宁夏银北灌区井渠结合灌溉三维数值模拟与分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(1):53-57
[15]江思珉,朱国荣等.FAC方法在地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].水利学报,2006,37(11): 1389-1392
[16]薛禹群,叶淑君,谢春红,张云.多尺度有限元法在地下水模拟中的应用.水利学报,2004,7:7-13
[17] Nilson Guiguer. Waterloo Hydrogeologic. Visual Modflow User’s Manual[M]. Ontario, Canada: Waterloo Hydrogeologic, lnc,2004.
[18]胡轶,谢水波等.Visual Modflow及其在地下水模拟中的应用[J].2006,2O(2):1-5
[19]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚.Modflow在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,(6):9-13.
[20]冉兴龙,渭南市潜水水流数值模型参数识别中几个关键问题的处理方法[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,(2):13-17
[21] Sophocleous M, Koussis A, Martin J L, et al, Evaluation of Simplified Stream Aquifer Depletion Models for Water Rights Administration[J], Gound Water,1995,33(4):579-588.
[22] Conrad L P, Beljin M S.Evaluation of an Induced Infiltration Model as Applied to Glacial Aquifer Systems[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1996,32(6):1209-1220.
[23] Chen X H, Y Yin, Stream flow Depletion: Modeling of Reduced Baseflow and Induced Stream Infiltration from Seasonally Pumped Wells[J]. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 200l, 37(1):185-195
[24]丁元芳,迟宝明,易树平,吴法伟.Visual MODFLOW在李官堡水源地水流模拟中的应用[J].水土保持研究,2006,l3(5):99-102,105
[25]卞玉梅,卢文喜,马洪云.Visua1 MODFLOW在水源地地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(260):31-33
[26]林国庆,郑西来,李海明.地下水库人工补给的模型研究——以大沽河地下水库为例[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(5):745-750
[27]朱斌,武强.断层影响下的地下水流数值模拟.桂林工学院学报,2005,25(1):31-35
[28]黎明,陈崇希,张明江.新疆渭干河流域地下水三维流数值模拟.地质科技情报, 2005,24(1):74-78
[29]朱玉水,段存俊.MT3D——通用的三维地下水污染物运移数值模型.东华理工学院学报,2005,28(1):26-29
[30]林丽蓉,唐仲华.地下水及溶质运移数值模拟系统. 2003,22(2):103-106
[31] Neuman S P. An Euler-Lagrangian Numerical Scheme for the Dispersion- Convection Equation Conjugate Spcetime Grid[J]. J of Computational Physics,1981,41:270-280.
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