蜀南观音场气田茅口组气藏开发潜力研究
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摘要
蜀南地区观音场气田地处四川省宜宾县观音场镇,属于四川盆地自流井凹陷中心,地表简单、平缓,具有完整的短轴背斜。中小断层发育,气水关系复杂。目前,气藏开发已经进入中后期,部分井已经停产,大多数气井大规模见水,气井产能下降,严重影响了气田的开采。
为解决观音场茅口组气藏气藏采收率偏低、大量未动剩余储量的问题,本文试着从研究区的地质特征、开发动态、录井资料、气藏驱动能力等方面分析,结合其它研究区的成功技术和经验,提出了对观音场的复产措施,以期提高老区的采收率,取得以下认识:
(1)该论文收集和整理区内录井、试采等资料。了解和分析了区内的地质构造、储层特征,研究区为典型的裂缝—孔洞型储层,中小断层发育,裂缝为主要的渗滤通道。区内气水关系比较复杂。理论上产水井可以通过排水找气方法采出位于水体之上的分隔天然气,而实际上,由于研究区内地质特征比较复杂加上人工排水不当以及采气速度过快等原因,使得通过排水找气来开采分隔气的目的很难实现。
(2)从开发动态来看,区内茅口组气藏隔气式比较普遍,但是水体能量有限,根据开发动态特征,可以把气水井分为:气水比增大型、气水比稳定型及气水比下降型。
(3)根据开发动态和地质特征,分析和总结了影响区内茅口组采气速度原因,第一是投产初期控水采气,采气速度过大;第二是井底积液严重,裂缝堵塞,影响气井复产。
(4)研究分析认为,影响单井排水效果的主要因素有储层条件、排水方式,采气速度、水体阻力等,在生产过程中利用有利的排水条件进行排水是提高该地区气藏采收率最可行的方法。可以根据不同的气水关系,采取不同的工艺措施,使得气井复活,从而提高采收率。
(5)根据气藏开发动态、剩余地质储量以及地层水分布和水侵方向,对音6井缝洞系统、音29井缝洞系统及音32井缝洞系统提出了复采方案,通过各井复产后气水产量计算,得出复采方案是可行的。
GuanyinChang Gas-Field of the southern Sichuan is located in GuangyinChang town of Yibin County in Sichuan Province, which belongs to the center of the Ziliu Jing Depression, the terrene surface is simple and smooth, and developed complete brachyanticline. The medium and minor faults are well developed, and the relationship between gas and water layers is very complicated. At present, the early gas reservoir development has been entered in the middle-last development time, some wells has been off production and the most of wells have been water breakthrough largely, the gas wells production declined seriously, which seriously affected the exploitation of gas fields.
To solve the problem that the recovery ratio of Maokou Formation in GuanyinChang is low and a lot of remaining reserves was untouched, it is proposed the replied productivity measure of GuangyinChang to improve the recovery ratio of the early gas reservoir area on the base of the analysis the geological characteristics of the study area, the development performance, log data, gas driving abilities and so on combined with the successful technology and experience of the other study area technology and experience in this paper. There are some following conclusions:
(1) It is collected and arranged the log data, test data and so on. Based on the comprehensive understanding and analyzing the region geological structure, reservoir characteristics of the region, it is studied that the study area is a typical fracture-porous reservoir, the medium and minor faults are well developed and fracture is the main flow channel. The relationship between gas and water l is very complicated. In theory, it can take the method of drainage water to recovery gas to recovery the separated gas located above the water layer while in fact that due to complicated geological characteristics of the study area, artificial exhaust gas inappropriate and excessive speed and so on, it is makes the method of drainage water to recovery gas become difficult to achieve.
(2) From the view point of performance characteristics, the trap gas style is relatively common in the Maokou Formation of the region while the water energy is limited. According to the development performance s, it can be divided into three types which are gas water ratio increase rapidly, gas water ratio is stable and air water ratio declines. According to development performance the gas can been divided into the following types: the types of gas/water ratio increase, the types of gas/water steady and the types of gas/water decrease.
(3) According to development performance and geological characteristic, it is analyzed and summarized the reason that influence the velocity and quality of recovery gas of the Maokou Formation. Firstly the velocity of gas is over fast during the recovering controlling water and gas period; Secondly, the seriously liquid loading of the bottom and the blocked fracture influence the reproductivity of the gas well.
(4) It is studied that the main factors of affecting drainage water of the single well is reservoir conditions, drainage patterns, gas production rate, water resistance and so on, In the production process, it is the very method that taking the favorable drainage water conditions to drain the water to improve the recovery of the gas pool in the region. According to different gas-water relationship, it is taking the different technologic measures to make gas well reproduction for improving gas recovery.
(5) According to development performance of the gas pool, remaining geological reserve, the distribution of formation water and the direction of water intrusion, it is presented the reproductivity program of fracture-cave system of Yin 6 well fracture-cave system of Yin 29 well fracture-cave system and fracture-cave system of Yin 32 well. Through the prediction, the reproductivity program is feasible.
为解决观音场茅口组气藏气藏采收率偏低、大量未动剩余储量的问题,本文试着从研究区的地质特征、开发动态、录井资料、气藏驱动能力等方面分析,结合其它研究区的成功技术和经验,提出了对观音场的复产措施,以期提高老区的采收率,取得以下认识:
(1)该论文收集和整理区内录井、试采等资料。了解和分析了区内的地质构造、储层特征,研究区为典型的裂缝—孔洞型储层,中小断层发育,裂缝为主要的渗滤通道。区内气水关系比较复杂。理论上产水井可以通过排水找气方法采出位于水体之上的分隔天然气,而实际上,由于研究区内地质特征比较复杂加上人工排水不当以及采气速度过快等原因,使得通过排水找气来开采分隔气的目的很难实现。
(2)从开发动态来看,区内茅口组气藏隔气式比较普遍,但是水体能量有限,根据开发动态特征,可以把气水井分为:气水比增大型、气水比稳定型及气水比下降型。
(3)根据开发动态和地质特征,分析和总结了影响区内茅口组采气速度原因,第一是投产初期控水采气,采气速度过大;第二是井底积液严重,裂缝堵塞,影响气井复产。
(4)研究分析认为,影响单井排水效果的主要因素有储层条件、排水方式,采气速度、水体阻力等,在生产过程中利用有利的排水条件进行排水是提高该地区气藏采收率最可行的方法。可以根据不同的气水关系,采取不同的工艺措施,使得气井复活,从而提高采收率。
(5)根据气藏开发动态、剩余地质储量以及地层水分布和水侵方向,对音6井缝洞系统、音29井缝洞系统及音32井缝洞系统提出了复采方案,通过各井复产后气水产量计算,得出复采方案是可行的。
GuanyinChang Gas-Field of the southern Sichuan is located in GuangyinChang town of Yibin County in Sichuan Province, which belongs to the center of the Ziliu Jing Depression, the terrene surface is simple and smooth, and developed complete brachyanticline. The medium and minor faults are well developed, and the relationship between gas and water layers is very complicated. At present, the early gas reservoir development has been entered in the middle-last development time, some wells has been off production and the most of wells have been water breakthrough largely, the gas wells production declined seriously, which seriously affected the exploitation of gas fields.
To solve the problem that the recovery ratio of Maokou Formation in GuanyinChang is low and a lot of remaining reserves was untouched, it is proposed the replied productivity measure of GuangyinChang to improve the recovery ratio of the early gas reservoir area on the base of the analysis the geological characteristics of the study area, the development performance, log data, gas driving abilities and so on combined with the successful technology and experience of the other study area technology and experience in this paper. There are some following conclusions:
(1) It is collected and arranged the log data, test data and so on. Based on the comprehensive understanding and analyzing the region geological structure, reservoir characteristics of the region, it is studied that the study area is a typical fracture-porous reservoir, the medium and minor faults are well developed and fracture is the main flow channel. The relationship between gas and water l is very complicated. In theory, it can take the method of drainage water to recovery gas to recovery the separated gas located above the water layer while in fact that due to complicated geological characteristics of the study area, artificial exhaust gas inappropriate and excessive speed and so on, it is makes the method of drainage water to recovery gas become difficult to achieve.
(2) From the view point of performance characteristics, the trap gas style is relatively common in the Maokou Formation of the region while the water energy is limited. According to the development performance s, it can be divided into three types which are gas water ratio increase rapidly, gas water ratio is stable and air water ratio declines. According to development performance the gas can been divided into the following types: the types of gas/water ratio increase, the types of gas/water steady and the types of gas/water decrease.
(3) According to development performance and geological characteristic, it is analyzed and summarized the reason that influence the velocity and quality of recovery gas of the Maokou Formation. Firstly the velocity of gas is over fast during the recovering controlling water and gas period; Secondly, the seriously liquid loading of the bottom and the blocked fracture influence the reproductivity of the gas well.
(4) It is studied that the main factors of affecting drainage water of the single well is reservoir conditions, drainage patterns, gas production rate, water resistance and so on, In the production process, it is the very method that taking the favorable drainage water conditions to drain the water to improve the recovery of the gas pool in the region. According to different gas-water relationship, it is taking the different technologic measures to make gas well reproduction for improving gas recovery.
(5) According to development performance of the gas pool, remaining geological reserve, the distribution of formation water and the direction of water intrusion, it is presented the reproductivity program of fracture-cave system of Yin 6 well fracture-cave system of Yin 29 well fracture-cave system and fracture-cave system of Yin 32 well. Through the prediction, the reproductivity program is feasible.
引文
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[2]张厚福,方朝亮等.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[3]王尚文.中国石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1983
[4]包茨.天然气地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988
[5]李明诚.石油与天然气运移(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[6]陈荣书.天然气地质学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989
[7]张厚福.石油地质学新进展[M].石油与天然气地质,1992
[8]夏崇双.不同类型有水气藏提高采收率的途径和方法[J].天然气工业2002,22(增刊)
[9]徐开礼,朱志澄.构造地质学(第二版)[M].北京:地质出版社,1989
[10]戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件[J].海相油气地质,2000(1-2)
[11]韦先海.四川盆地天然气开发利用保护现状及对策[M].天然气资源,2002
[12]窦立荣.油气藏地质学概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[13]邱中建.中国油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社和地质出版社,1999
[14]赵文智等.石油地质综合研究导论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[15]钱凯等.中国天然气资源[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[16]戴金星等.中国天然气地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[17]裘怿楠.油藏描述[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996
[18]李颖川.采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[19]孙良田等编著.油层物理实验[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[20]陆正元,王洪辉,张高信,王守冲.致密碳酸盐岩缝洞型有水气藏的储量计算──以四川盆地下二叠统气藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(03):195-198
[21]陆正元.川东南地区阳新统缝洞储层识别[J].天然气工业,1987,7(1):28-32
[22]陈立官(编著),油气测井地质[M].成都科技大学出版社,1990
[23]石新.川西北地区下二叠统储层研究[J].西南石油学院,2004
[24]姜必武,丘陵.含水气藏合理产能新方法研究[J].天然气工业,2005,12(02):80-82
[25]陆正元,徐国强.川南地区断层带油气保存条件定量预测[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(S1):150-155
[26]匡建超等.水驱气藏排水采气动态规律预测[J].天然气工业,1992,12(4):64-68
[27] GilmanJ.R.etal.Improvements in Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs ,6th SPE symposium on Reservoir Simulation ,SPE Paper 10511,1982(2)
[28] Coleman S B et al.Applying gas well load up technology. JPT, 1991;(4):344-349
[29] Stehfest H. Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms algorithm 368. Communication of the ACM,1970;13:47
[30] Schroeder,J.H.,1969.Experimental disolution of calcium,magnesium from recent biogenic carbonates :a model of diagensis.J.Sediment.petrol.,39
[31] Scruton,P.C.,1953.Deposition of evapotites,Am.Assoc.petrol.Gelo.Bull.,37
[32] Selley,R.C.1970,Ancient Sedimentary Environments .Chapman &Hall Ltd./London
[33] Skall,H.,1975.The paleoenvironment of the pine point lead—zinc district.Eoon.Geol
[34] Asquith,G.B.,1979.Subsurface Carbonate Depositional Models:A Concise Review.The Petroleum Publ.Co./Tulsa,Okla
[35] Coogan,A.H.,1970.Measurements of compaction in oolitic grainstones.J.Sedimen.petrol
[36] Enos,p.,1977.Reefs,Platfoms,and basins of Middle Cretaceous in northeast Mexico.Am.Assoc.petrol.Geol.Bull
[37] Harper,M.L.,1971.Approximate geothermal gradients in the North Sea.Nature
[38] Halley,A.1984.pre-Quaternary sea level changes.Ann.Rev.Earth planetary Sci
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