伊通地堑构造特征与油气聚集
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摘要
本文对伊通地堑构造基本特征,构造成因和演化阶段,构造活动与油气聚集的关系等进行了分析和研究。
伊通地堑主要是古近纪形成和发育的走滑型断陷盆地。盆地演化具有伸展和挤压两种机制的更迭,经历了始新世早期(双阳组—永吉组一段)的早期初始引张阶段、始新世晚期—渐新世晚期(永吉组二段—齐家组)的中期引张差异沉降阶段、新近纪(岔路河组)的晚期挤压消亡三个不同演化阶段。
地堑西北缘和东南缘两条边界断裂在性质上有很大差异。西北缘边界断裂为走滑断裂:始新世早期(双阳组—永吉组一段)为左旋走滑断裂,始新世晚期—渐新世晚期(永吉组二段—齐家组)为右旋走滑断裂。新近纪(岔路河组)为挤压作用的逆断层,它对地堑的演化起着重要的控制作用。东南缘边界断裂为伸展断裂,它对地堑的演化起着协调作用;二号断层是西北缘边界断裂和东南缘边界断裂的分支正断层,是莫里青—鹿乡断陷和岔路河断陷的分界线。
地堑具有十一类构造样式:从构造几何学分九类,即“台阶断块型”、“断阶(正、反向)”、“地堑式”、“地垒式”、“叠瓦状构造”、“花状构造”、“Y字形构造”、“羽状构造”和“背斜枢纽蹋陷型”。从构造运动学分两类,即“伸展断块型”和“反转构造”。
基岩不整合面(古风化壳)是油气横向运移的主要通道之一;断裂既可形成油气遮挡,又可构成油气垂向运移的主要通道之一;断块构造、断鼻和断背斜构造是有利于油气聚集的主要构造;断层-岩性复合型构造、阶梯式断层-岩性复合型、边界断层上盘的断层-岩性和潜山构造是有利于油气聚集的次要构造。
最后,根据对伊通地堑的构造分析,结合重点评价区的其它石油地质条件,预测五星构造带、梁家构造带和万昌围斜带构造带为有利油气聚集断裂构造带。
This dissertation mainly discussed tectonic characters, tectonic setting and tectonic evolution of Yitong graben, and analyzed the relationship between tectonic activities and oil-gas accumulation.
Yitong graben is a strike-slip basin developed in Paleogene. The strike-slip basin underwent compression and extension: several generations of early Eocene extension (Shuangyang formation-fist segment of Yongji formation), extension and differential subsidence metaphase in late Eocene- late Oligocene(second segment of Yongji formation-Qijia formation) and end up under development compression in Neogene(Chaluhe formation).
Boundary fault in northwestern margin of Yitong graben is quite different from that in southwesterm margin. The northwest boundary fault was a strike-slip fault, which was a sinistral strike-slip fault in early Eocene(Shuangyang formation-first segment of Yongji formation) but gave way to a dextral strike-slip fault in late Eocene-late Oligocene(second segment of Yongji formation-Qijia formation).In Neogene,it was reverse fault under regional compession(Chahelu formation),which controlled graben evolution to a great extent. The southwestern boundary fault was an extensional fault, which served as an accommonditing fault during graben evolution. No.2 fault was a branching normal fault of northwest boundary fault and southwest boundary fault, which separates the Moliqing-Luxiang and Chaluhe fault.
The tectonic styles in the depressions can be divided geometrically into nine kinds:“stepped fault blocks”,“fault terrace(normal and antithetic)”,“graben”,“horst”,“imbricate structures”,“flower structures”,“Y”style structures”,“feather structures”and“anticline hinge subsidence”.They could be grouped into two namely tectonic tectonic kinematics styles:“extensional faulted blocks”and“inversion structures”.
Unconformity surface of bedrock( paleo-weathered crust)was one of oil-gas transeverse migration pathways. Faults can be one of oil-gas vertical migration pathways besides as bars. Faulted block structure, fault-nose and fault anticline were main structures good for oil-gas accumulation. Fault- lithology compound structure, stepped fault- lithology compound, fault- lithology in the hanging-wall of Marginal fault and concealed hill structures were secondary structures for oil-gas accumulation.
Based on the tectonic analysis on Yitong graben together with other petroleum geology conditions in key evaluation regions, Wuxing tectonic zone, Liangjia tectonic zone and Wanchang peri-clinal tectonic zone were proposed to be fault tectonic zones benefit to oil-gas accumulation.
伊通地堑主要是古近纪形成和发育的走滑型断陷盆地。盆地演化具有伸展和挤压两种机制的更迭,经历了始新世早期(双阳组—永吉组一段)的早期初始引张阶段、始新世晚期—渐新世晚期(永吉组二段—齐家组)的中期引张差异沉降阶段、新近纪(岔路河组)的晚期挤压消亡三个不同演化阶段。
地堑西北缘和东南缘两条边界断裂在性质上有很大差异。西北缘边界断裂为走滑断裂:始新世早期(双阳组—永吉组一段)为左旋走滑断裂,始新世晚期—渐新世晚期(永吉组二段—齐家组)为右旋走滑断裂。新近纪(岔路河组)为挤压作用的逆断层,它对地堑的演化起着重要的控制作用。东南缘边界断裂为伸展断裂,它对地堑的演化起着协调作用;二号断层是西北缘边界断裂和东南缘边界断裂的分支正断层,是莫里青—鹿乡断陷和岔路河断陷的分界线。
地堑具有十一类构造样式:从构造几何学分九类,即“台阶断块型”、“断阶(正、反向)”、“地堑式”、“地垒式”、“叠瓦状构造”、“花状构造”、“Y字形构造”、“羽状构造”和“背斜枢纽蹋陷型”。从构造运动学分两类,即“伸展断块型”和“反转构造”。
基岩不整合面(古风化壳)是油气横向运移的主要通道之一;断裂既可形成油气遮挡,又可构成油气垂向运移的主要通道之一;断块构造、断鼻和断背斜构造是有利于油气聚集的主要构造;断层-岩性复合型构造、阶梯式断层-岩性复合型、边界断层上盘的断层-岩性和潜山构造是有利于油气聚集的次要构造。
最后,根据对伊通地堑的构造分析,结合重点评价区的其它石油地质条件,预测五星构造带、梁家构造带和万昌围斜带构造带为有利油气聚集断裂构造带。
This dissertation mainly discussed tectonic characters, tectonic setting and tectonic evolution of Yitong graben, and analyzed the relationship between tectonic activities and oil-gas accumulation.
Yitong graben is a strike-slip basin developed in Paleogene. The strike-slip basin underwent compression and extension: several generations of early Eocene extension (Shuangyang formation-fist segment of Yongji formation), extension and differential subsidence metaphase in late Eocene- late Oligocene(second segment of Yongji formation-Qijia formation) and end up under development compression in Neogene(Chaluhe formation).
Boundary fault in northwestern margin of Yitong graben is quite different from that in southwesterm margin. The northwest boundary fault was a strike-slip fault, which was a sinistral strike-slip fault in early Eocene(Shuangyang formation-first segment of Yongji formation) but gave way to a dextral strike-slip fault in late Eocene-late Oligocene(second segment of Yongji formation-Qijia formation).In Neogene,it was reverse fault under regional compession(Chahelu formation),which controlled graben evolution to a great extent. The southwestern boundary fault was an extensional fault, which served as an accommonditing fault during graben evolution. No.2 fault was a branching normal fault of northwest boundary fault and southwest boundary fault, which separates the Moliqing-Luxiang and Chaluhe fault.
The tectonic styles in the depressions can be divided geometrically into nine kinds:“stepped fault blocks”,“fault terrace(normal and antithetic)”,“graben”,“horst”,“imbricate structures”,“flower structures”,“Y”style structures”,“feather structures”and“anticline hinge subsidence”.They could be grouped into two namely tectonic tectonic kinematics styles:“extensional faulted blocks”and“inversion structures”.
Unconformity surface of bedrock( paleo-weathered crust)was one of oil-gas transeverse migration pathways. Faults can be one of oil-gas vertical migration pathways besides as bars. Faulted block structure, fault-nose and fault anticline were main structures good for oil-gas accumulation. Fault- lithology compound structure, stepped fault- lithology compound, fault- lithology in the hanging-wall of Marginal fault and concealed hill structures were secondary structures for oil-gas accumulation.
Based on the tectonic analysis on Yitong graben together with other petroleum geology conditions in key evaluation regions, Wuxing tectonic zone, Liangjia tectonic zone and Wanchang peri-clinal tectonic zone were proposed to be fault tectonic zones benefit to oil-gas accumulation.
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