污泥中硫化氢的释放机理及控制研究
摘要
污泥的处理处置过程中会不可避免有恶臭气体放出。GB14554-93中规定的八种恶臭污染物为:硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫醚、二硫化碳、氨、三甲胺、苯乙烯。污泥释放的恶臭中几乎含有以上所有物质,其中五种为含硫化合物。污泥中含有大量微生物,硫化氢是微生物作用的终点产物,因此,本文以不同污泥中释放的硫化氢为主要研究对象。
由于污泥中硫化氢与微生物(主要是硫酸盐还原菌)的密切相关性,本文从硫化氢的释放机理出发,主要从三个方面进行了研究。首先对所用污泥进行相关性质的测定,初步判断污泥是否具备硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖的环境;其次在具备充分证据证明污泥中存在硫酸盐还原菌生存环境的条件下,对污泥中的硫酸盐还原菌进行培养研究并初步探索了超声波对硫酸盐还原菌影响;最后采用铜-铁吸收法对污泥中的硫化氢进行处理,并探讨硫酸盐还原菌与污泥中硫化氢释放量之间的关系。本文的主要研究对象为:四堡市政污泥、合肥市政污泥、印染污泥和皮革污泥。主要研究成果如下:
1.污泥中存在硫酸盐还原菌的生长繁殖的环境。
2.四种污泥中均存在硫酸盐还原菌,不同保存条件的污泥,硫酸盐还原菌的生长情况不同;对四种污泥用同样频率超声波作用后,四堡市政污泥和皮革污泥中SRB失活,合肥市政污泥和印染污泥中的硫酸盐还原菌仍然存在活性。
3.四堡市政污泥和合肥市政污泥中硫化氢的总释放量均在10~3μg以上,是印染污泥和皮革污泥的1000倍;污泥中硫化氢的释放可以分为四个阶段;污泥中存在的硫酸盐还原菌越多产生的硫化氢越多;铜-铁吸收法处理高浓度硫化氢时吸收率接近100%,不随硫化氢浓度的变化而变化,处理低浓度硫化氢时吸收率随硫化氢浓度的变化而变化;四堡市政污泥、印染污泥和皮革污泥经铜-铁吸收法处理后释放的硫化氢浓度均能达到厂界标准中的一级标准;合肥市政污泥能够达到厂界标准的二级标准。
During the treatment and disposal process of sludge,there is inevitably a number of different kinds of odour gases released.There are eight odours in GB14554-93: hydrogen sulfide,methyl mercaptan,a sulfide,dimethyl disulfide,carbon disulfide, ammonia,trimethylamine and styrene.The odour from sludge contains almost all of the above pollutants,five of them are sulphur compounds.Sludge contains a lot of microorganisms,and because hydrogen sulfide is the end-product of microbial action, so hydrogen sulfide released from different sludges' is mainly studied.
Hydrogen sulfide is related to microorganisms(mainly sulfate-reducing bacteria) in sludge.Beginning with the release mechanism of hydrogen sulfide,three areas were studied.First of all,the characteristic of sludge related to sulfate-reducing bacteria is researched in order to estimate whether there is a preliminary environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria.Secondly,on the base of sufficient evidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria's entity,a farther investigate which cultivating sulfate-reducing bacteria of sludge is done and a preliminary exploration of ultrasonic on sulfate-reducing bacteria is conducted.Finally hydrogen sulfide form sludge is absorbed by copper-iron absorption,and the relationship between sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide is explored.Four sludges,Hefei municipal sludge, Sibao municipal sludge,dyeing sludge and leather sludge are researched.The major results were summarized as follows:
1.There is a environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria to grow and reproduce.
2.Sludge possess the substance to satisfy the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria;The entity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sludge is confirmed,the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sludge is different by various preservation;Ultrasonic with same frequency effect on sludges,sulfate-reducing bacteria in Sibao municipal sludge and leather sludge is deactived,while Hefei and dyeing sludge's is still in active.
3.The quantity of hydrogen sulfide released from Hefei municipal sludge and Sibao municipal sludge are 1000 times more than dyeing sludge and leather sludge.The process that hydrogen sulfide released from Sludge can be divided into four stages. The more SRB in sludge the more hydrogen sulfide emission is detected.Copper-iron absorption rate of hydrogen sulfide with high concentrations is all close to 100 percents,while low concentration is relate to the concentration of hydrogen sulfide; Hydrogen sulfide emission from Sibao municipal sludge,dyeing sludge and leather sludge,which via copper-iron absorption can reach first-degree of factory sector standards.Hefei municipal sludge's can meet the second-degree standard.
由于污泥中硫化氢与微生物(主要是硫酸盐还原菌)的密切相关性,本文从硫化氢的释放机理出发,主要从三个方面进行了研究。首先对所用污泥进行相关性质的测定,初步判断污泥是否具备硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖的环境;其次在具备充分证据证明污泥中存在硫酸盐还原菌生存环境的条件下,对污泥中的硫酸盐还原菌进行培养研究并初步探索了超声波对硫酸盐还原菌影响;最后采用铜-铁吸收法对污泥中的硫化氢进行处理,并探讨硫酸盐还原菌与污泥中硫化氢释放量之间的关系。本文的主要研究对象为:四堡市政污泥、合肥市政污泥、印染污泥和皮革污泥。主要研究成果如下:
1.污泥中存在硫酸盐还原菌的生长繁殖的环境。
2.四种污泥中均存在硫酸盐还原菌,不同保存条件的污泥,硫酸盐还原菌的生长情况不同;对四种污泥用同样频率超声波作用后,四堡市政污泥和皮革污泥中SRB失活,合肥市政污泥和印染污泥中的硫酸盐还原菌仍然存在活性。
3.四堡市政污泥和合肥市政污泥中硫化氢的总释放量均在10~3μg以上,是印染污泥和皮革污泥的1000倍;污泥中硫化氢的释放可以分为四个阶段;污泥中存在的硫酸盐还原菌越多产生的硫化氢越多;铜-铁吸收法处理高浓度硫化氢时吸收率接近100%,不随硫化氢浓度的变化而变化,处理低浓度硫化氢时吸收率随硫化氢浓度的变化而变化;四堡市政污泥、印染污泥和皮革污泥经铜-铁吸收法处理后释放的硫化氢浓度均能达到厂界标准中的一级标准;合肥市政污泥能够达到厂界标准的二级标准。
During the treatment and disposal process of sludge,there is inevitably a number of different kinds of odour gases released.There are eight odours in GB14554-93: hydrogen sulfide,methyl mercaptan,a sulfide,dimethyl disulfide,carbon disulfide, ammonia,trimethylamine and styrene.The odour from sludge contains almost all of the above pollutants,five of them are sulphur compounds.Sludge contains a lot of microorganisms,and because hydrogen sulfide is the end-product of microbial action, so hydrogen sulfide released from different sludges' is mainly studied.
Hydrogen sulfide is related to microorganisms(mainly sulfate-reducing bacteria) in sludge.Beginning with the release mechanism of hydrogen sulfide,three areas were studied.First of all,the characteristic of sludge related to sulfate-reducing bacteria is researched in order to estimate whether there is a preliminary environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria.Secondly,on the base of sufficient evidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria's entity,a farther investigate which cultivating sulfate-reducing bacteria of sludge is done and a preliminary exploration of ultrasonic on sulfate-reducing bacteria is conducted.Finally hydrogen sulfide form sludge is absorbed by copper-iron absorption,and the relationship between sulfate-reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide is explored.Four sludges,Hefei municipal sludge, Sibao municipal sludge,dyeing sludge and leather sludge are researched.The major results were summarized as follows:
1.There is a environment for sulfate-reducing bacteria to grow and reproduce.
2.Sludge possess the substance to satisfy the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria;The entity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sludge is confirmed,the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sludge is different by various preservation;Ultrasonic with same frequency effect on sludges,sulfate-reducing bacteria in Sibao municipal sludge and leather sludge is deactived,while Hefei and dyeing sludge's is still in active.
3.The quantity of hydrogen sulfide released from Hefei municipal sludge and Sibao municipal sludge are 1000 times more than dyeing sludge and leather sludge.The process that hydrogen sulfide released from Sludge can be divided into four stages. The more SRB in sludge the more hydrogen sulfide emission is detected.Copper-iron absorption rate of hydrogen sulfide with high concentrations is all close to 100 percents,while low concentration is relate to the concentration of hydrogen sulfide; Hydrogen sulfide emission from Sibao municipal sludge,dyeing sludge and leather sludge,which via copper-iron absorption can reach first-degree of factory sector standards.Hefei municipal sludge's can meet the second-degree standard.
引文
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