螺杆泵采油技术在锦州油田的改进及优化
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摘要
锦州油田的锦91等区块经过多年开发,边水水侵日趋严重,单井普遍存在产液量高、产油量低的特点,由于边水作用,油井供液能力十分充足,这样普通有杆泵采油因效率低,耗电量大,经济效益变差。油井转螺杆泵后生产平稳,单井节电在30%以上,检泵周期延长。目前的螺杆泵井面临的最主要的问题是解决近井地带的稠油流动问题(降低近井地带稠油流动阻力),只有这样才能保证螺杆泵在正常运转的前提下实现降水增油。为摸清稠油螺杆泵油井生产规律及特点,分析螺杆泵增油机理,在锦91块水淹严重的东部建立螺杆泵冷采试验区,加快了整体区块转螺杆泵冷采的步伐。本文以整个油井生产系统为研究对象,以各个子系统的协调为基础,以油井的生产能力为依据,以油井的产油量和效率为目的,进行油井的优化设计,编制了优化设计软件。软件对螺杆泵井进行了产能分析;针对油井的工作状况进行了静力学分析、动力学分析,给出沿井深的井筒的温度、压力场,抽油杆柱的轴向载荷分布、扭矩分布、杆柱安全状况、抽油杆和接箍连接的螺纹安全状况、井下杆柱在任意时刻、任意位置、不同转速下的轴向力、侧向力、扭矩以及杆管间的接触程度、并获得启动时刻的扭矩大小。并以螺杆泵产量和下泵深度等作为目标,对油井进行优化设计,抽油杆柱的等强度设计,杆柱可以进行实心杆、空心杆、实心和空心混合杆柱设计;螺杆泵泵型的选择、产量、泵效的设计计算并选出最优组合。通过使用螺杆泵井系统优化设计软件对锦45块11-213、14-203、06-16等7口螺杆泵井进行了优化,从优化的结果可以看出,系统效率平均提高10.54%,效果非常明显。使用螺杆泵井系统优化设计软件能够较大幅度提升系统效率,对现场指导生产具有实际效果,对螺杆泵采油的科学管理,提高螺杆泵采油的科技含量都有积极意义。
After years of oil field development in 91 areas of Jinzhou, the edge water encroach increasingly serious. Single well generally has the feature of high liquid production and low oil production. Because of the edge water, well deliverability is very adequate. Low efficiency and high power consumption with this rod pump extract oil makes the economic deterioration. Adding screw pump to the well results to stable production and more than 30% energy saving of single well and longer check period. The screw pump wells currently facing the most important problem is to solve viscous flow problems in immediate vicinity of wellbore (reducing flow resistance in immediate vicinity of wellbore). Only in this way can ensure water decreasing and oil increasing under the premise of the normal operation of screw. In order to find out the production law and the characteristics of heavy oil screw pump wells and analyse oil incremental mechanism, screw cold production test area is established in 91 eastern serious flooding parts., it speed up cold production in the overall block using rotary crew pump. This paper take well production system as research object , take coordination of the various subsystems as foundation ,take production capacity of oil wells as basis ,take well efficiency and oil production as objective and then optimize the well and program optimization design software.Productivity analysis of screw pump is carried out by software, making a static analysis and dynamic analysis of working conditions of oil wells; It shows temperature of well hole as the deeper of the well , pressure field, axial load distribution of sucker-rod string, torque distribution, safety situation of rod string, safety situation of screw which connected sucker rod and collar, axial force, side force, torque and the degree of contact between rod and tube of down hole rod at different rotational speed ,anytime and anywhere, The torque size when screw pump is started can be also achieved. To optimize the design of the wells, uniform strength sucker rod design taking screw pump output and depth as the target, Rod can be design as solid rod, hollow rod, mixed solid and hollow rod. Select screw pump type, design and calculate pump efficiency and production and select the best combination. Seven screw pump wells including 11-213,14-203,06-16 have been optimized by using optimization design software. From the optimization results can be seen, the efficiency of the system increases by an average of 10.54%, which is obvious. The using of well screw pump system optimization design software can greatly enhance the system efficient, it both have actual impacts on field guide production and also has a positive significance on the scientific management of the screw pump and technology content increasing of screw pump.
After years of oil field development in 91 areas of Jinzhou, the edge water encroach increasingly serious. Single well generally has the feature of high liquid production and low oil production. Because of the edge water, well deliverability is very adequate. Low efficiency and high power consumption with this rod pump extract oil makes the economic deterioration. Adding screw pump to the well results to stable production and more than 30% energy saving of single well and longer check period. The screw pump wells currently facing the most important problem is to solve viscous flow problems in immediate vicinity of wellbore (reducing flow resistance in immediate vicinity of wellbore). Only in this way can ensure water decreasing and oil increasing under the premise of the normal operation of screw. In order to find out the production law and the characteristics of heavy oil screw pump wells and analyse oil incremental mechanism, screw cold production test area is established in 91 eastern serious flooding parts., it speed up cold production in the overall block using rotary crew pump. This paper take well production system as research object , take coordination of the various subsystems as foundation ,take production capacity of oil wells as basis ,take well efficiency and oil production as objective and then optimize the well and program optimization design software.Productivity analysis of screw pump is carried out by software, making a static analysis and dynamic analysis of working conditions of oil wells; It shows temperature of well hole as the deeper of the well , pressure field, axial load distribution of sucker-rod string, torque distribution, safety situation of rod string, safety situation of screw which connected sucker rod and collar, axial force, side force, torque and the degree of contact between rod and tube of down hole rod at different rotational speed ,anytime and anywhere, The torque size when screw pump is started can be also achieved. To optimize the design of the wells, uniform strength sucker rod design taking screw pump output and depth as the target, Rod can be design as solid rod, hollow rod, mixed solid and hollow rod. Select screw pump type, design and calculate pump efficiency and production and select the best combination. Seven screw pump wells including 11-213,14-203,06-16 have been optimized by using optimization design software. From the optimization results can be seen, the efficiency of the system increases by an average of 10.54%, which is obvious. The using of well screw pump system optimization design software can greatly enhance the system efficient, it both have actual impacts on field guide production and also has a positive significance on the scientific management of the screw pump and technology content increasing of screw pump.
引文
[1] P.J.van de loo and D.K.ronemeijer.Acoustic Emission tank testing:How to discriminate between the onset of corrosion and further stages of degradation?European Conference on Acoustic Emission Testing,TUA Austria,Wien May 6-8,1998
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[3] Triggia AA,et al.Gas-liqiud two-phase flow pattern prediction computer library.J of Pipeline,1996(5)
[4] Lea J F.What’s new in artificial lift[J].World Oil,2000,221(3):71~81.
[5] James F L,Herald W W.Applied Technology Workshop–Progressing Cavity Pumping Systems[J].SPE,2002.
[6] Mills R A R.Progressing cavity oil well pump–past,present and future[J].The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1994,33(4):5~6.
[7] Chachula R C,Anderson D G.Slimhole,High-volume,PC Pump Development For 140 mm Cased Well Application[J].SPE 30270,1995.
[8] James F L,Herald W W and Robert E S.Fourteen new systems for beam, progressing–cavity, plunger–lift pumping and gas lift[J].World oil, 2002, 223(4):45~54.
[9] Klein S T.The Progressing Cavity Pump in Coalbed Methane Extraction[J].SPE 23454, 1991.
[10] Chugh S, Baker R, Telesford A.Mainstream Options for Heavy Oil:PartⅠ-ColdProduction[J].The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2000,04:31~39.
[11]纪常杰.人工举升装置的新进展[J].国外油田工程,1998,14(4):14~18.
[12]冯耀忠,汪刚跃.国外最新采油技术与装备(一)[J].石油机械,2002,30(4):55~56.
[13]刘宇兴.单螺杆泵使用中的问题探讨[J].矿业研究与开发,1996,16(2):45~47.
[14]金吴健.单螺杆泵使用中的几个问题及解决方法[J].水泵技术,2002,4:29~31.
[15]郁文正,陈楚和.浅谈采油螺杆泵与油井的匹配问题[J].石油机械,2000,28(1):25~27.
[16]万仁溥,罗英俊,沈秀通.采油技术手册(第四分册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[17]师国臣,陈卓如,王劲松,何燕,王国庆.螺杆泵结构参数误差对工作特性的影响[J].石油机械,2001,29(10):41~42.
[18]杨兆春,周海,姚斌,张嗣伟.单螺杆泵定子磨损分析[J].流体机械,1999,27(7):20~23.
[19]张军,陈听宽,金有煌.螺杆泵转速选择应考虑的几个问题[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(2):88~90.
[20]张连山.地面驱动单螺杆泵使用中出现的问题及失效形式[J].石油机械,1992,20(4):34
[21]谢竹庄.单螺杆泵的基本原理[J].石油钻采机械通讯,1994,16(1):5～8
[22]周连考,龚绍海,赵继生.单螺杆泵的设计与试验研究[J].水泵技术,1999,3:19~25.
[23]万仁博.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[24]魏纪德,师国臣.螺杆泵抽油杆负载扭矩计算[J].石油机械,1995,23(9):38-43.
[25]韩修廷,王秀玲,焦振强.螺杆泵采油原理及应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998.15-123.
[26]张建伟.井下采油单螺杆泵的现状及发展[J].石油机械.2000,28(8):56-58.
[27]黄有泉,何艳,曹刚.大庆油田螺杆泵采油技术新进展[J].石油机械2003,30(11):65-69.
[28]万邦烈.单螺杆水力机械[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社.1993
[29]陈涛平,胡靖邦著.石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版.2000.328-335.
[30]吕彦平,吴晓东,李远超等.螺杆泵井系统效率分析模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2006,28(1):64-68.
[31]许军,王永强.螺杆泵井杆管磨损原因分析及治理措施[J].石油机械.2005,33(10):63-65.
[32]魏纪德,吴文祥,曾艳.螺杆泵定子橡胶溶胀对容积效率的影响及对策[J].石油机械.2005,33(4):14-18.
[33]燕中庆,田军,张连社等.气锚对螺杆泵泵效影响的分析[J].钻采工艺2007,(4):55-57. [34张佳民.螺杆泵抽油杆柱设计方法及应用原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:121-146.
[35]魏纪德,师国臣.螺杆泵抽油杆负载扭矩计算[J].石油机械.1995,23(9):38-43.
[36]郁文正,梁德山.螺杆泵定子橡胶的新发展[J].石油机械.1997,8(4):41-46.
[37]齐振林,刘和,鲁明延等.螺杆泵采油技术问答[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:10.
[38]何艳,姜海峰,孙延安.等壁厚定子螺杆泵研究及应用前景探讨[J].石油机械.2003,31(2):4-5.
[39]辜志宏,彭慧琴,耿会英.气体对抽油泵泵效的影响及对策[J].石油机械.2006,34(2):64-68.
[40]高圣平.井下单螺杆抽油泵杆柱受力分析与设计.石油机械,1997,25(1):8~10
[41]程鹏,黄东升,顾雪林等.地面驱动单螺杆泵抽油杆失效分析与预防措施.石油机械,2000,28(4):26~27
[2] Screw pumps finding new application.oil Gas,1980,78(2)
[3] Triggia AA,et al.Gas-liqiud two-phase flow pattern prediction computer library.J of Pipeline,1996(5)
[4] Lea J F.What’s new in artificial lift[J].World Oil,2000,221(3):71~81.
[5] James F L,Herald W W.Applied Technology Workshop–Progressing Cavity Pumping Systems[J].SPE,2002.
[6] Mills R A R.Progressing cavity oil well pump–past,present and future[J].The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1994,33(4):5~6.
[7] Chachula R C,Anderson D G.Slimhole,High-volume,PC Pump Development For 140 mm Cased Well Application[J].SPE 30270,1995.
[8] James F L,Herald W W and Robert E S.Fourteen new systems for beam, progressing–cavity, plunger–lift pumping and gas lift[J].World oil, 2002, 223(4):45~54.
[9] Klein S T.The Progressing Cavity Pump in Coalbed Methane Extraction[J].SPE 23454, 1991.
[10] Chugh S, Baker R, Telesford A.Mainstream Options for Heavy Oil:PartⅠ-ColdProduction[J].The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2000,04:31~39.
[11]纪常杰.人工举升装置的新进展[J].国外油田工程,1998,14(4):14~18.
[12]冯耀忠,汪刚跃.国外最新采油技术与装备(一)[J].石油机械,2002,30(4):55~56.
[13]刘宇兴.单螺杆泵使用中的问题探讨[J].矿业研究与开发,1996,16(2):45~47.
[14]金吴健.单螺杆泵使用中的几个问题及解决方法[J].水泵技术,2002,4:29~31.
[15]郁文正,陈楚和.浅谈采油螺杆泵与油井的匹配问题[J].石油机械,2000,28(1):25~27.
[16]万仁溥,罗英俊,沈秀通.采油技术手册(第四分册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[17]师国臣,陈卓如,王劲松,何燕,王国庆.螺杆泵结构参数误差对工作特性的影响[J].石油机械,2001,29(10):41~42.
[18]杨兆春,周海,姚斌,张嗣伟.单螺杆泵定子磨损分析[J].流体机械,1999,27(7):20~23.
[19]张军,陈听宽,金有煌.螺杆泵转速选择应考虑的几个问题[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(2):88~90.
[20]张连山.地面驱动单螺杆泵使用中出现的问题及失效形式[J].石油机械,1992,20(4):34
[21]谢竹庄.单螺杆泵的基本原理[J].石油钻采机械通讯,1994,16(1):5～8
[22]周连考,龚绍海,赵继生.单螺杆泵的设计与试验研究[J].水泵技术,1999,3:19~25.
[23]万仁博.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[24]魏纪德,师国臣.螺杆泵抽油杆负载扭矩计算[J].石油机械,1995,23(9):38-43.
[25]韩修廷,王秀玲,焦振强.螺杆泵采油原理及应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998.15-123.
[26]张建伟.井下采油单螺杆泵的现状及发展[J].石油机械.2000,28(8):56-58.
[27]黄有泉,何艳,曹刚.大庆油田螺杆泵采油技术新进展[J].石油机械2003,30(11):65-69.
[28]万邦烈.单螺杆水力机械[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社.1993
[29]陈涛平,胡靖邦著.石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版.2000.328-335.
[30]吕彦平,吴晓东,李远超等.螺杆泵井系统效率分析模型及应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2006,28(1):64-68.
[31]许军,王永强.螺杆泵井杆管磨损原因分析及治理措施[J].石油机械.2005,33(10):63-65.
[32]魏纪德,吴文祥,曾艳.螺杆泵定子橡胶溶胀对容积效率的影响及对策[J].石油机械.2005,33(4):14-18.
[33]燕中庆,田军,张连社等.气锚对螺杆泵泵效影响的分析[J].钻采工艺2007,(4):55-57. [34张佳民.螺杆泵抽油杆柱设计方法及应用原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:121-146.
[35]魏纪德,师国臣.螺杆泵抽油杆负载扭矩计算[J].石油机械.1995,23(9):38-43.
[36]郁文正,梁德山.螺杆泵定子橡胶的新发展[J].石油机械.1997,8(4):41-46.
[37]齐振林,刘和,鲁明延等.螺杆泵采油技术问答[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:10.
[38]何艳,姜海峰,孙延安.等壁厚定子螺杆泵研究及应用前景探讨[J].石油机械.2003,31(2):4-5.
[39]辜志宏,彭慧琴,耿会英.气体对抽油泵泵效的影响及对策[J].石油机械.2006,34(2):64-68.
[40]高圣平.井下单螺杆抽油泵杆柱受力分析与设计.石油机械,1997,25(1):8~10
[41]程鹏,黄东升,顾雪林等.地面驱动单螺杆泵抽油杆失效分析与预防措施.石油机械,2000,28(4):26~27