基于奇异值分解的DWT数字水印算法研究与优化
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摘要
随着数字产品的迅速发展,数字产品的安全性成为备受关注的课题。当今人们普遍采用密码技术来保证数字内容不被非法阅读,采用数字签名技术来确保数字产品内容不被冒充和篡改,而为了保护数字产品内容的产权不被侵犯,人们提出了数字水印技术,该技术现已成为国内外研究的热点。
本文综述了数字水印技术的相关知识,对数字水印技术进行系统深入的研究分析,详细研究了数字水印模型和典型的数字水印算法。通过改进后的Arnold图像置乱算法对数字水印图像进行加密处理,加强数字水印的抗攻击能力。同时结合奇异值分解的特征,对小波变换的图像进行奇异分解处理,以增强数字水印的隐蔽性和鲁棒性。典型的小波变换数字水印算法采用中高频部分嵌入数字水印信息,在有损害压缩、滤波等图像攻击下,数字水印信息容易被破坏。经分析研究,在数字水印信息量小的情况下,采用小波变换后的低频部分嵌入水印信息可以较好的提高数字水印的鲁棒性。以此为基础,提出并设计了一种基于奇异值分解离散小波变换的优化算法。测试结果证明,这种改进的算法具有较高的峰值信噪比,同时对几何剪切、高斯加噪和JPEG压缩等攻击都具有较强的抗攻击能力。
最后,根据企业电子发票业务安全管理需求,提出一种基于数字水印技术的身份验证系统方案,以对优化的算法进行应用验证。
With the rapid development of digital products, the security issuses become a concerning problem.Nowdays,people usually use cryptography to ensure that digital content is not illegal to read.Using digital signature technology ensures that the digital product content will not be distorted..In order to protect the property of digital products content not be violated,people have proposed digital watermarking technology, which has become a hot resarch at home and abroad.
This paper reviews the theory of digital watermarking technology-related knowledge, and does systematic and thorough research on digital watermarking technology, detailed research of digital watermarking model and the typical digital watermarking.Using improved Arnold digital image scrambling algorithm to encrypt the watermark image processing, and enhance the anti-attack capability of digital watermarking. Combined with the characteristics of singular value decomposition, it processes the singular decomposition of wavelet transform image to enhance the digital watermark invisibility and robustness. A typical wavelet transform digital watermarking algorithm embeds digital watermark informationin in high-frequency part.By compression, filtering and other image attacks, the digital watermark can easily be damaged. After analysis,in the case of small amount of digital watermarking information,embedding watermark information in wavelet transformed low-frequency part can better improve the robustness of digital watermarking. On this basis, a wavelet transform algorithm based on singular value decomposition is proposed. Test results show that the improved algorithm has higher peak signal to noise ratio, as well as strong anti-attack against cropping, high noise and JPEG compression attacks.
Finally, according to security management needs of business electronic invoice, an authentication scheme is proposed based on digital watermarking, to verify the application of the optimizad zalgorithm.
本文综述了数字水印技术的相关知识,对数字水印技术进行系统深入的研究分析,详细研究了数字水印模型和典型的数字水印算法。通过改进后的Arnold图像置乱算法对数字水印图像进行加密处理,加强数字水印的抗攻击能力。同时结合奇异值分解的特征,对小波变换的图像进行奇异分解处理,以增强数字水印的隐蔽性和鲁棒性。典型的小波变换数字水印算法采用中高频部分嵌入数字水印信息,在有损害压缩、滤波等图像攻击下,数字水印信息容易被破坏。经分析研究,在数字水印信息量小的情况下,采用小波变换后的低频部分嵌入水印信息可以较好的提高数字水印的鲁棒性。以此为基础,提出并设计了一种基于奇异值分解离散小波变换的优化算法。测试结果证明,这种改进的算法具有较高的峰值信噪比,同时对几何剪切、高斯加噪和JPEG压缩等攻击都具有较强的抗攻击能力。
最后,根据企业电子发票业务安全管理需求,提出一种基于数字水印技术的身份验证系统方案,以对优化的算法进行应用验证。
With the rapid development of digital products, the security issuses become a concerning problem.Nowdays,people usually use cryptography to ensure that digital content is not illegal to read.Using digital signature technology ensures that the digital product content will not be distorted..In order to protect the property of digital products content not be violated,people have proposed digital watermarking technology, which has become a hot resarch at home and abroad.
This paper reviews the theory of digital watermarking technology-related knowledge, and does systematic and thorough research on digital watermarking technology, detailed research of digital watermarking model and the typical digital watermarking.Using improved Arnold digital image scrambling algorithm to encrypt the watermark image processing, and enhance the anti-attack capability of digital watermarking. Combined with the characteristics of singular value decomposition, it processes the singular decomposition of wavelet transform image to enhance the digital watermark invisibility and robustness. A typical wavelet transform digital watermarking algorithm embeds digital watermark informationin in high-frequency part.By compression, filtering and other image attacks, the digital watermark can easily be damaged. After analysis,in the case of small amount of digital watermarking information,embedding watermark information in wavelet transformed low-frequency part can better improve the robustness of digital watermarking. On this basis, a wavelet transform algorithm based on singular value decomposition is proposed. Test results show that the improved algorithm has higher peak signal to noise ratio, as well as strong anti-attack against cropping, high noise and JPEG compression attacks.
Finally, according to security management needs of business electronic invoice, an authentication scheme is proposed based on digital watermarking, to verify the application of the optimizad zalgorithm.
引文
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[3]MouLin P, O'Sullivan JA. Information-Theoretic Analysis of Information Hiding[J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory,2003,49(3):563-593.
[4]张学锋.浅析数字水印在电子商务环境中的应用[J].计算机安全2009,27(2)：76-79.
[5]Chun-Shien Lu, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao, Martin Kutter. Denosing and Copy Attacks Resilient Watermarking by Exploiting Prior Knowledge at Detector[J]. IEEE Transations on Image Processing,2002,11(3):280-292.
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[30]顾宁,葛万成.基于DWT域图像数字水印技术[J].通信技术2009,42(5)：213-217.
[31]Huang Daren, Liu Jiufen, Huang Jiwu. An embedding strategy and algorithm for image watermarking in DWT domain [J]. Journal of Software,2002,13 (7):1291-1297.
[32]张永平,苏广川.基于特征定位的数字图像盲水印技术[J].计算机工程2007,33(2)： 125-132.
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[38]王汇源.基于混沌的数字水印研究与应用[D].山东大学,2009.
[39]李昌刚,韩正之,张浩然.图像加密技术综述[J].计算机研究与发展2002,39(10)：1317-1324.
[40]李昌刚,韩正之.图像加密技术新进展[J].信息与控制2003,32(4)：339-343
[41]陈微娜,秦拯,尹毅.基于混沌与小波变换的数字水印算法[J].微计算机信息2009,25(10)：60-63.
[42]傅德胜,孙文静,张小飞.基于混沌特性的小波数字水印技术及实现[J].计算机科学2008,35(6)：246-250.
[43]赵卉.基于图像置乱的DWT数字水印算法[J].软件导刊2009,35(7)：147-148.
[44]王振飞,施保昌,王能超.基于小波变换和人类视觉系统的稳健水印算法[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)2007,35(1)：26-28.
[45]夏菽兰,王吉林,赵力.基于SVD分解的小波数字水印算法的研究[J].微电子学与计算机2010,27(1)：128-133.
[46]汤震浩,雍士华,马小虎.基于DWT和SVD的数字水印算法[J].电脑知识与技术2009,25(5)：208-211.
[47]陈明举,陈善学.一种基于小波变换与奇异分解的图像水印算法[J].信息与电子工程2007,5(1)：57-61.
[48]曾志华,钱雪忠.基于DWT和SVD联合的数字水印算法[J].计算机工程与设计2008,29(5)：1291-1292.
[49]Delaigle J, Vleechouwer C, Macq B. Watermarking algorithm based on a human visual model [J]. Signal Processing,1998,66 (3):319-335.
[50]Yi Kaixiang, Shi Jiaoying. Adaptive 2-dimension image watermarking algorithm[J]. Journal of Image and Graphic,2001,6(5):444-449.
[51]SWELDEN SW. The lifiting scheme:A construction of second generation wavelets[J]. SIAMJ Math Anal,1997,29(3):511-546.
[52]I.Hong, I.Kim,S.S.Han.A blind watermarking technique using wavelet transform[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2001,28(3):1946-1950.
[53]刘卓,王相海..一种基于提升方案小波和纹理块的图像鲁棒水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机2006,23(6)：23-26.
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[2]C.-T.Hsu, J.-L.Wu. Hidden digital watermarks in images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,1999,8(1):58-68.
[3]MouLin P, O'Sullivan JA. Information-Theoretic Analysis of Information Hiding[J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory,2003,49(3):563-593.
[4]张学锋.浅析数字水印在电子商务环境中的应用[J].计算机安全2009,27(2)：76-79.
[5]Chun-Shien Lu, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao, Martin Kutter. Denosing and Copy Attacks Resilient Watermarking by Exploiting Prior Knowledge at Detector[J]. IEEE Transations on Image Processing,2002,11(3):280-292.
[6]祝瑞玲.基于图像媒体的数字水印研究[D].山东大学,2009.
[7]吕建勋,贾世杰.基于图像的数字水印技术[J].计算机技术与发展2009,19(2)：202-206.
[8]K wak D W, Lee Seung Joo, Kim Jong Won. An Efficient,LkH Tree,Balancing Algorithm for Group Key Marragement[J]. IEEE Communication,2006,10(3):222-224.
[9]鲍昀霞,何东健.基于DCT的彩色图像水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机2007,24(1)：91-93.
[10]幸俊.基于DCT的图像盲水印算法研究与实现[J].微计算机信息(管控一体化)2007,23(2)：69-90.
[11]邢桂华.数字水印关键技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2009.
[12]G.Voyatzis, I.Pitas. Digital image watermarking using mixing systems[J]. Computers & Graphices,1998,22(4):405-416.
[13]胡裕峰.图像变换域数字水印技术研究[D].浙江大学,2009.
[14]林瑞娟.小波域图像数字水印算法[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[15]兰红星,陈松乔,胡爱娜,李陶深.基于小波的第二代数字水印算法的研究[J].电子学报2007,35(9)：1799-1803.
[16]C.I.Podilchuk, E.J.Delp. Digital watermarking algorithms and applications[J]. IEEE Signal Process.Mag,2001,18(4):33-46.
[17]C.C.Chang, K.F.Hwang,M.S.Hwang. A digital watermarking scheme using human visual effects[J]. Informatica,2003,24(2):505-511.
[18]Huang Daren, Liu Jiufen,Huang Jiwu. An embedding strategy and algorithm for image watermarking in DWT domain [J]. Journal of Software,2002,13(7):1290-1296.
[19]Lin CY, Wu M. Rotation scale and translation resilient watermarking for images [J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2001,10(5):765-785.
[20]Zhou B, Chen J.A geometric distortion resilient image watermarking algorithm based on SVD [J]. Image and Graphics,2004,9(4):506-512.
[21]Liu Ruizhen,Wang yunhong, Tang Tieniu. Image content based Water marking mode [J]. Journal of Image and Graphics,2001,6A(6):558-562.
[22]崔东峰,王相海.基于DCT的自适应图像盲水印算法[J].计算机工程与设计2007,28(6)：1355-1357.
[23]Meerwald P, Uhl A. A survey of wavelet-domain watermarking algorithms [J]. Proceedings of SPIE,2001,4314:181-190.
[24]R.G.van Schyndel, A.Z.Tirkel, C.F.Osborne. A digital watermark [A]. IEEE Proceeding on International Conference on Image Processing [C], Piscataway:IEEE Press,2004,2:86-90.
[25]孙见青,汪荣贵,李守毅.基于DC分量和AC分量相结合的数字水印技术[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)2007,30(7)：825-828.
[26]LU Bin-bin,WANG Jun-zhu, TANG Fa-gen. Document dynanically access control method based on analysis of information flow [J]. Computer Engineering and Application,2008,44 (3):139-142.
[27]Huang Ji wu, SHI Y Q, Cheng Weidong. Image Watermarking in DCT:An Embeddeding Strategy and Algorithm[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica,2000,28(4):57-60.
[28]Porter J P. Image adaptive Watermarking techniques usingmodels of the human visual system [C]. System Theory,2006 24(8):354-357.
[29]LI Xiaoqiang, XUE Xiangyang. Improved robust watermarking in DCT domain for color images [C]18th International Advanced Information Networking and Applications.2004,1 (1): 53-58.
[30]顾宁,葛万成.基于DWT域图像数字水印技术[J].通信技术2009,42(5)：213-217.
[31]Huang Daren, Liu Jiufen, Huang Jiwu. An embedding strategy and algorithm for image watermarking in DWT domain [J]. Journal of Software,2002,13 (7):1291-1297.
[32]张永平,苏广川.基于特征定位的数字图像盲水印技术[J].计算机工程2007,33(2)： 125-132.
[33]温蕴.基于DWT域的灰度图像数字水印算法[J].微计算机信息2008,24(4-3)：246-247.
[34]邓小颖,胡学龙,高和蓓.基于图像整数小波变换的盲数字水印嵌入算法[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版)2006.2,9(1)：44-48.
[35]Hong I, Kim I, Han S S. A Blind Watermarking Technique Using Wavelet Transform [C]. Proc. of ISIE'01, Pusan, Korea,2001,24(6):1946-1950.
[36]戴子春.基于DWT的数字水印算法研究[J].激光与红外2009,39(5)：571-574.
[37]陈天平,吴昌银,岳青松.一种基于DCT和DWT的数字图像水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2009,26(4)：91-96.
[38]王汇源.基于混沌的数字水印研究与应用[D].山东大学,2009.
[39]李昌刚,韩正之,张浩然.图像加密技术综述[J].计算机研究与发展2002,39(10)：1317-1324.
[40]李昌刚,韩正之.图像加密技术新进展[J].信息与控制2003,32(4)：339-343
[41]陈微娜,秦拯,尹毅.基于混沌与小波变换的数字水印算法[J].微计算机信息2009,25(10)：60-63.
[42]傅德胜,孙文静,张小飞.基于混沌特性的小波数字水印技术及实现[J].计算机科学2008,35(6)：246-250.
[43]赵卉.基于图像置乱的DWT数字水印算法[J].软件导刊2009,35(7)：147-148.
[44]王振飞,施保昌,王能超.基于小波变换和人类视觉系统的稳健水印算法[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)2007,35(1)：26-28.
[45]夏菽兰,王吉林,赵力.基于SVD分解的小波数字水印算法的研究[J].微电子学与计算机2010,27(1)：128-133.
[46]汤震浩,雍士华,马小虎.基于DWT和SVD的数字水印算法[J].电脑知识与技术2009,25(5)：208-211.
[47]陈明举,陈善学.一种基于小波变换与奇异分解的图像水印算法[J].信息与电子工程2007,5(1)：57-61.
[48]曾志华,钱雪忠.基于DWT和SVD联合的数字水印算法[J].计算机工程与设计2008,29(5)：1291-1292.
[49]Delaigle J, Vleechouwer C, Macq B. Watermarking algorithm based on a human visual model [J]. Signal Processing,1998,66 (3):319-335.
[50]Yi Kaixiang, Shi Jiaoying. Adaptive 2-dimension image watermarking algorithm[J]. Journal of Image and Graphic,2001,6(5):444-449.
[51]SWELDEN SW. The lifiting scheme:A construction of second generation wavelets[J]. SIAMJ Math Anal,1997,29(3):511-546.
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