中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为研究
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摘要
旅游者空间行为是旅游地理学研究的核心内容之一。国内外学者在旅游者空间行为研究方面取得大量成果。但长期以来,国内外学者偏重对旅游者单目的地旅游行为的研究,而对旅游者的多目的地空间行为研究较为薄弱,在理论构建和实证分析方面较为欠缺。对于中国入境旅游来说,入境旅游者多目的地城市旅游现象较为普遍,对这种现象的特征、规律、机制和模式进行研究显得尤为必要。本文目的就是对中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为进行研究,以此丰富旅游者空间行为和入境旅游的理论和方法体系。
在充分认识到城市在入境旅游业发展中的地位和角色,揭示城市间联合促销的必要性和入境旅游者多目的地旅游的倾向性基础上,对国内外关于旅游者空间行为相关文献进行综述。本研究以中国入境旅游者为研究对象,以入境游客市场调查获取一手分析数据,综合利用社会网络分析、GIS空间分析、数理统计分析、归纳等方法,深入研究了中国入境旅游者多目的地旅游空间网络结构特征和多目的地旅游空间行为模式,并对入境旅游者多目的地空间行为影响因素进行了探讨。
研究发现?中国入境旅游者多目的地旅游所占比例较高(79.6%),多目的地旅游行为相当普遍。对中国入境游客多目的地旅游空间网络结构进行分析,结果表明：(1)中国入境旅游空间网络中共存在46个主要节点,这些节点城市入境旅游规模在全国也很占优势,旅游网络中每个节点平均与2.96个其他节点具有旅游流联系；(2)旅游空间网络节点程度中心性分异较大,共分四个等级,等级越高,节点数量越少,节点旅游功能越强,地位越高,而节点中介中心性受城市规模和航空条件影响显著,重点口岸城市和区域中心城市对旅游流的中介和控制能力较强,结构优势较明显；(3)旅游整体网络密度很低,且存着较大不均衡性,旅游网络发育不完全,网络核心节点网络密度较低,边缘节点网络密度接近于0,核心节点和边缘节点数量规模基本相当,空间分布较分散；(4)旅游网络中共存在9个联系紧密的派系,派系成员组合受空间距离的影响很小
对中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为模式分析,结果表明：(1)口岸因素对入境旅游者空间行为模式有制约作用；(2)基于口岸因素制约下的中国入境旅游者共有四种典型的多目的地空间行为模式,即同口岸环式、同口岸基营式、异口岸链式、异口岸复合链式,四种模式所占比例各不相同,选择不同口岸城市进行出入境的入境旅游者所占比例高；(3)客源地、停留天数、来华次数、旅游目的、旅行安排方式等5个因素是影响中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为模式选择的重要因素。
本文关于中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为研究的创新点主要体现在：多学科综合交叉研究,对中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为进行较为深入研究,丰富了旅游者空间行为和入境旅游研究的理论体系；基于旅游流联系的视角,从节点结构、整体网络结构、结构对等性、派系分析等多个层面,定量分析了以城市目的地为网络节点的大尺度旅游空间网络的结构特征,丰富了旅游空间网络研究的内涵和方法论体系。
Spatial behavior of tourists is an important part of tourism geography research. domestic and foreign scholars in the spatial behavior of tourists have made a lot of results. Over the years. scholars emphasis on tourism behavior of inbound tourists that visit a single destination, while research on multi-destination tourism behavior of inbound tourists is weak. The main purpose of this research is analyzing the multi-destination spatial behavior of China's inbound tourists and its affecting factors, in order to enrich the theory of spatial behavior of inbound tourists.
In full recognition of the development of inbound tourism in the city's status and role, reveals the need for joint promotion between cities and tourists'tendency to multi-destination tourism. based on reviewing the domestic and foreign relevant literature of tourist spatial behavior. Taking China's inbound tourists in this study as the research object, getting first-hand analysis data by surveying inbound tourists, utilizing of social network analysis, mathematical statistical analysis, GIS spatial analysis and other methods, this study studies on multi-destination spatial behavior characteristics of China's inbound tourists, focuses on structure characteristics of multi-destination tourism network and spatial behavior patterns of multi-destination tourism, and studies on the affecting factor of the spatial behavior of multi-destination inbound tourists.
By studying the network structure of multi-destination tourism of China's inbound tourists, the results showed that multi-destination tourist have a higher proportion of tourism, accounting for 79.6%. Tourism network has 46 main nodes which were China's inbound tourism larger cities. On the node structure, inbound tourism and other network nodes on average 2.96 nodes in contact with the tourist flow, and the node's degree centrality quite different, which divided the node into four grades. The higher level was, the fewer the number of nodes have. By city size and air conditions, key port cities and regional center cities had stronger tourist flow intermediary capability. On the overall network structure, inbound tourism overall network density is very low, incomplete development, weak function, large imbalance. The number of core nodes and edge nodes is roughly equal size, spatial distribution is more dispersed. The overall network had 9 close-knit small-group network.
By studying on the spatial behavior patterns of China's multi-destination tourists, the results showed that port factor have important effect on the spatial behavior patterns of China's tourists. The development of inbound tourism needed to rely on the convenient port conditions. Under the constraints of port factor, there are four typical patterns of behavior for China's multi-destination tourists. They were single-port ring style, single-port base camp style. different-port chain style, and different-port complex chain style. The proportion of different-port styles is high. The factor of origin source, the number of days stay, the number visiting China, travel purposes, and travel arrangement style are five important factors affecting the selection of spatial behavior patterns of inbound tourists.
The innovation of this study was that multi-disciplinary study on the multi-destination spatial behavior of China's inbound tourists would enrich the theoretical system of inbound tourism research. The introduction of social network analysis, from the facets of node structure, overall network structure, the equal-structure and group analysis, studied the tourist destination space network structure in the large scale, which enriching methodology system and research content of space tourism network.
在充分认识到城市在入境旅游业发展中的地位和角色,揭示城市间联合促销的必要性和入境旅游者多目的地旅游的倾向性基础上,对国内外关于旅游者空间行为相关文献进行综述。本研究以中国入境旅游者为研究对象,以入境游客市场调查获取一手分析数据,综合利用社会网络分析、GIS空间分析、数理统计分析、归纳等方法,深入研究了中国入境旅游者多目的地旅游空间网络结构特征和多目的地旅游空间行为模式,并对入境旅游者多目的地空间行为影响因素进行了探讨。
研究发现?中国入境旅游者多目的地旅游所占比例较高(79.6%),多目的地旅游行为相当普遍。对中国入境游客多目的地旅游空间网络结构进行分析,结果表明：(1)中国入境旅游空间网络中共存在46个主要节点,这些节点城市入境旅游规模在全国也很占优势,旅游网络中每个节点平均与2.96个其他节点具有旅游流联系；(2)旅游空间网络节点程度中心性分异较大,共分四个等级,等级越高,节点数量越少,节点旅游功能越强,地位越高,而节点中介中心性受城市规模和航空条件影响显著,重点口岸城市和区域中心城市对旅游流的中介和控制能力较强,结构优势较明显；(3)旅游整体网络密度很低,且存着较大不均衡性,旅游网络发育不完全,网络核心节点网络密度较低,边缘节点网络密度接近于0,核心节点和边缘节点数量规模基本相当,空间分布较分散；(4)旅游网络中共存在9个联系紧密的派系,派系成员组合受空间距离的影响很小
对中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为模式分析,结果表明：(1)口岸因素对入境旅游者空间行为模式有制约作用；(2)基于口岸因素制约下的中国入境旅游者共有四种典型的多目的地空间行为模式,即同口岸环式、同口岸基营式、异口岸链式、异口岸复合链式,四种模式所占比例各不相同,选择不同口岸城市进行出入境的入境旅游者所占比例高；(3)客源地、停留天数、来华次数、旅游目的、旅行安排方式等5个因素是影响中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为模式选择的重要因素。
本文关于中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为研究的创新点主要体现在：多学科综合交叉研究,对中国入境旅游者多目的地空间行为进行较为深入研究,丰富了旅游者空间行为和入境旅游研究的理论体系；基于旅游流联系的视角,从节点结构、整体网络结构、结构对等性、派系分析等多个层面,定量分析了以城市目的地为网络节点的大尺度旅游空间网络的结构特征,丰富了旅游空间网络研究的内涵和方法论体系。
Spatial behavior of tourists is an important part of tourism geography research. domestic and foreign scholars in the spatial behavior of tourists have made a lot of results. Over the years. scholars emphasis on tourism behavior of inbound tourists that visit a single destination, while research on multi-destination tourism behavior of inbound tourists is weak. The main purpose of this research is analyzing the multi-destination spatial behavior of China's inbound tourists and its affecting factors, in order to enrich the theory of spatial behavior of inbound tourists.
In full recognition of the development of inbound tourism in the city's status and role, reveals the need for joint promotion between cities and tourists'tendency to multi-destination tourism. based on reviewing the domestic and foreign relevant literature of tourist spatial behavior. Taking China's inbound tourists in this study as the research object, getting first-hand analysis data by surveying inbound tourists, utilizing of social network analysis, mathematical statistical analysis, GIS spatial analysis and other methods, this study studies on multi-destination spatial behavior characteristics of China's inbound tourists, focuses on structure characteristics of multi-destination tourism network and spatial behavior patterns of multi-destination tourism, and studies on the affecting factor of the spatial behavior of multi-destination inbound tourists.
By studying the network structure of multi-destination tourism of China's inbound tourists, the results showed that multi-destination tourist have a higher proportion of tourism, accounting for 79.6%. Tourism network has 46 main nodes which were China's inbound tourism larger cities. On the node structure, inbound tourism and other network nodes on average 2.96 nodes in contact with the tourist flow, and the node's degree centrality quite different, which divided the node into four grades. The higher level was, the fewer the number of nodes have. By city size and air conditions, key port cities and regional center cities had stronger tourist flow intermediary capability. On the overall network structure, inbound tourism overall network density is very low, incomplete development, weak function, large imbalance. The number of core nodes and edge nodes is roughly equal size, spatial distribution is more dispersed. The overall network had 9 close-knit small-group network.
By studying on the spatial behavior patterns of China's multi-destination tourists, the results showed that port factor have important effect on the spatial behavior patterns of China's tourists. The development of inbound tourism needed to rely on the convenient port conditions. Under the constraints of port factor, there are four typical patterns of behavior for China's multi-destination tourists. They were single-port ring style, single-port base camp style. different-port chain style, and different-port complex chain style. The proportion of different-port styles is high. The factor of origin source, the number of days stay, the number visiting China, travel purposes, and travel arrangement style are five important factors affecting the selection of spatial behavior patterns of inbound tourists.
The innovation of this study was that multi-disciplinary study on the multi-destination spatial behavior of China's inbound tourists would enrich the theoretical system of inbound tourism research. The introduction of social network analysis, from the facets of node structure, overall network structure, the equal-structure and group analysis, studied the tourist destination space network structure in the large scale, which enriching methodology system and research content of space tourism network.
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