智能化焊接CAPP系统的研究与开发
摘要
本文将专家系统技术与CAPP技术相结合,设计了智能化的焊接CAPP系统,即专家型焊接CAPP系统。通过焊接工艺设计模块、工艺过程卡编制模块、材料/工时定额计算模块共同完成焊接工艺文件的编制。
焊接工艺设计模块引用专家系统的知识,建立了焊接知识库、焊接推理机制、焊接工艺解释机制,将焊接经验知识充分融入到系统中,使焊接工艺设计模块能自动推理焊接工艺规范参数,从而提高了系统的智能化、自动化程度。
工艺过程卡编制模块主要负责工艺卡的编制,提供了典型工艺编制法、相似工艺编制法、菜单编制法三种方法。典型工艺编制法是将成熟的焊接工艺存储到典型工艺库中,并对典型工艺设置关键字,在编制工艺时,用户能通过本文提供的高效检索技术准确地检索到想要的典型工艺,并以此为模板,生成新的工艺;相似工艺编制法也是利用检索技术搜索已存在的所有工艺,利用已有工艺指导新工艺;如果没有典型工艺和相似工艺,可以采用菜单编制法,本文设计了多个人性化功能,如工序自动编号、插入特殊字符等,使用户能方便、快捷的完成编制工作。
本文以智能性、实用性为目的设计了材料/工时定额计算模块。通过坡口参数化、迭代方法实现了计算多层焊各层焊材消耗量及总用量,并以Y型坡口为例,设计了焊材消耗验证性试验,通过对比焊材实际消耗量和计算值来检验该计算模块的准确性。
同时,本文实现了与AutoCAD、Solidworks的接口,使用户能方便地导入电子图形文件,从而能充分地利用其他部门的CAD图形。进一步对人机界面和系统安全进行了研究,根据界面设计的原则设计了本系统的人机交互界面,使软件更加美观、大方,提高了软件的可用性、便捷性;通过权限设计和对数据库加密、设置防火墙、数据库审计和攻击检测等措施,提高了数据和系统的安全性。
The paper has developed an intelligent welding CAPP system, i.e. expertised CAPP system, by combining technology of Expert System and CAPP. This system could complete welding document preparation with its welding process design module, process cards compile module and material/labor cost quota calculation module.
Referring to expert system knowledge, welding process design module could deduce welding process parameters based on welding knowledge base, welding inference engine and welding explanation facility, as a result, the intelligence and automation of the system is improved.
Process cards compiling module is mainly responsible for writing process cards. There are three ways to compile process cards. They are the typical procedure method, the similar procedure method and the menu method. The mature welding processes have been saved to database and keywords have been set in the typical process method, users thus could find the mature processes through efficient search technology provided by this system, and use of the mature processes to generate a new process. In addition, users could also search similar procedures which help to write new procedures through efficient search technology. If there are no typical or similar procedures, users could use menu to generate procedures, there are lots of human-based designs, such as auto process ID, inserting special character, which could help users to complete work easily and fast.
This paper designs Material/Labor_cost quota calculating module for the system to be more intelligent and practical. By parametric groove and iteration method, the total and every layer consumption of in Multi-pass welding have been calculated. Moreover, illustrated by the example of Y-groove, the verification trial of consumption has been designed. The accuracy of calculating module has been checked by comparing actual consumption and calculated result.
The interface of AutoCAD and Solidworks which could import graphics files is designed in this paper, so that it can fully utilize other CAD graphics. Friendly user interface is also researched and built according to the principles of interface design. As a result, the software is beautiful and comfortable, which makes the software more convenient. The security of the database and system is improved through authority design, database encryption, firewall setting, database audit and attack detection.
焊接工艺设计模块引用专家系统的知识,建立了焊接知识库、焊接推理机制、焊接工艺解释机制,将焊接经验知识充分融入到系统中,使焊接工艺设计模块能自动推理焊接工艺规范参数,从而提高了系统的智能化、自动化程度。
工艺过程卡编制模块主要负责工艺卡的编制,提供了典型工艺编制法、相似工艺编制法、菜单编制法三种方法。典型工艺编制法是将成熟的焊接工艺存储到典型工艺库中,并对典型工艺设置关键字,在编制工艺时,用户能通过本文提供的高效检索技术准确地检索到想要的典型工艺,并以此为模板,生成新的工艺;相似工艺编制法也是利用检索技术搜索已存在的所有工艺,利用已有工艺指导新工艺;如果没有典型工艺和相似工艺,可以采用菜单编制法,本文设计了多个人性化功能,如工序自动编号、插入特殊字符等,使用户能方便、快捷的完成编制工作。
本文以智能性、实用性为目的设计了材料/工时定额计算模块。通过坡口参数化、迭代方法实现了计算多层焊各层焊材消耗量及总用量,并以Y型坡口为例,设计了焊材消耗验证性试验,通过对比焊材实际消耗量和计算值来检验该计算模块的准确性。
同时,本文实现了与AutoCAD、Solidworks的接口,使用户能方便地导入电子图形文件,从而能充分地利用其他部门的CAD图形。进一步对人机界面和系统安全进行了研究,根据界面设计的原则设计了本系统的人机交互界面,使软件更加美观、大方,提高了软件的可用性、便捷性;通过权限设计和对数据库加密、设置防火墙、数据库审计和攻击检测等措施,提高了数据和系统的安全性。
The paper has developed an intelligent welding CAPP system, i.e. expertised CAPP system, by combining technology of Expert System and CAPP. This system could complete welding document preparation with its welding process design module, process cards compile module and material/labor cost quota calculation module.
Referring to expert system knowledge, welding process design module could deduce welding process parameters based on welding knowledge base, welding inference engine and welding explanation facility, as a result, the intelligence and automation of the system is improved.
Process cards compiling module is mainly responsible for writing process cards. There are three ways to compile process cards. They are the typical procedure method, the similar procedure method and the menu method. The mature welding processes have been saved to database and keywords have been set in the typical process method, users thus could find the mature processes through efficient search technology provided by this system, and use of the mature processes to generate a new process. In addition, users could also search similar procedures which help to write new procedures through efficient search technology. If there are no typical or similar procedures, users could use menu to generate procedures, there are lots of human-based designs, such as auto process ID, inserting special character, which could help users to complete work easily and fast.
This paper designs Material/Labor_cost quota calculating module for the system to be more intelligent and practical. By parametric groove and iteration method, the total and every layer consumption of in Multi-pass welding have been calculated. Moreover, illustrated by the example of Y-groove, the verification trial of consumption has been designed. The accuracy of calculating module has been checked by comparing actual consumption and calculated result.
The interface of AutoCAD and Solidworks which could import graphics files is designed in this paper, so that it can fully utilize other CAD graphics. Friendly user interface is also researched and built according to the principles of interface design. As a result, the software is beautiful and comfortable, which makes the software more convenient. The security of the database and system is improved through authority design, database encryption, firewall setting, database audit and attack detection.
引文
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[8]王细洋,汪叔淳. CAPP的现状与发展[J].航空制造工程, 1997, 11: 29~31.
[9]董黎敏,朱世和. CAPP的发展及研究现状[J].天津立功学院学报, 2004, 20(2): 43~45.
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[14]蔡卫东,滕皓. CAPP系统智能化的关键技术[J].网络与信息化, 2003(4): 39~40.
[15]李琳,曾孟雄.基于知识的智能化CAPP系统关键技术[J].制造业信息化, 2005, 8: 72~74.
[16]王大康,刘永峰.智能化CAPP系统的工艺决策[J]. 2003, 29(2): 130~133.
[17]王洁,李铁军. CAPP的发展趋势[J].辽宁工学院学报, 2007, 27(l): 54~57.
[18] Bernard S Maiyo, Wang Xiankui, Liu Chengying. Neuro-Fuzzy Networks in CAPP[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2000, 13(l):30~34.
[19]屠立,王耀. CAPP系统的开发现状和发展趋势[J]. 2002, 31(4): 9~10.
[20]印鉴,刘星成,汤庸译.专家系统原理与编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[21]沙建锋. CAPP专家系统设计[J].机械工艺师, 2000, 12: 14~15.
[22]赵良才,朱大群.智能技术在CAPP开发工具中的应用[J].华东船舶工业学院学报, 2000, 14(l): 55~59.
[23]肖伟跃.协同式CAPP专家系统中黑板控制推理策略[J].计算机辅助工程, 2000, l: 39~42.
[24] Hoda A EIMaraghy. Evolution and Future Perspectives of CAPP[J]. Annals of the CIRP. 1993, 42(2): 739~751.
[25]潘亚君,潘晓弘.专家系统思想在CAPP中的应用及实现[J].机电一体化, 1998, 5: 27~30.
[26]韩继曼. CAPP专家系统智能推理机制研究与开发[J].机械工程师, 2002(4): 11~13
[27] Bardasz T, Zeid I. Applying Analogical Problem Solving to Mechanical Design[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1991, 23(3): 202~212.
[28]吴桓文.机械加工工艺基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.
[29]张发平,孙厚芳.基于相似性的轴类零件CAPP系统研究.成组技术与生产现代化, 2006, 23(4): 1~4.
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