自调温单元的制备工艺及性能研究
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摘要
本文针对国内外现有自调温材料容易渗出相变工质材料、相变工质材料含量低等问题，采用有机／无机纳米复合法包覆相变工质材料制备自调温单元，研究优化制备工艺及性能评价方法。
研究了微孔无机材料的吸附理论，提出微孔材料的吸附过程相当于工质材料对微孔的充填，其孔体积均为吸附空间。建立了一种以纳米孔道结构无机材料为载体，相变工质材料在微孔中以充填状态存在的自调温单元微观模型。应用该模型制备自调温单元，可利用材料的纳米尺寸效应和表面效应，在纳米孔道的内壁上形成吸附力的叠加，使微孔内部具有强的吸附势，可得到相变工质材料含量最大且性能稳定的自调温单元；该模型中微孔无机材料对相变工质材料的理论饱和吸附量为73.47％。
在以上微孔吸附理论研究基础上，选用海泡石作为微孔无机材料、十二醇作为相变工质材料，对自调温单元的制备工艺参数进行了优化研究，包括：海泡石原料的选择、海泡石改性的影响、吸附温度的选择、PCM有机溶液初始浓度的选择、搅拌时间的确定、烘干方式的选择、海泡石含水量的确定，最终得到自调温单元的最佳制备工艺。
建立了自调温单元的渗出稳定性检测以及调温效果、节能效果的评价方法。经检测，自调温单元的调温量为1.3℃时可节能12.69％。
制备的自调温单元中工质材料最高含量可达67.96％，与理论值基本相符；其工质材料渗出比例≤1wt％，渗出稳定性达到要求。该自调温单元性能优良，在建筑材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
This work aimed at the problems of phase change materials (PCMs) exudation and low content of PCMs, prepared temperature self-operating units (TSOUs) by the packaging method of Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. Optimization of experimental parameters was carried out and the evaluation method of properties was studied to acquire TSOUs with the maximum PCM content and high stablity.
The adsorption theory of micropore inorganic materials was studied to direct the preparation of TSOUs by Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. The microstructure of TSOUs was established based on the theory that the micropore is filled during the process of micropore materials adsorption. According to the microstructure, the TSOUs are consist of two sections: the adsorbent of micropore inorganic materials and PCMs. TSOUs with the maximum PCM content and high stability may be prepared by making good use of the nano effect and surface effect of Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. According to the microstructure, the saturated adsorption amount of micropore inorganic material is 73.47%.
Directed by the adsorption theories, sepiolite was selected as micropore inorganic material and dodecanol was selected as PCM, and carried out the optimization of experimental parameters, such as selection of sepiolite minerals, sepiolite modification, absorption temperature, PCMs solution concentration, stirring time, drying mode, dehydration of sepiolite. By the optimization, the best conditions on TSOUs preparation were achieved.
Measurement method of PCMs exudation was established to estimate the exudation of PCM in TSOUs, the temperature self-operating effects and energy saving effects of TSOUs was also examined. Results show that the energy saving effect of TSOUs reached 12.69% when the temperature was self-operated by 1.3 ℃
The TSOUs with the maximum PCM content of 67.96% were prepared through this work, the value accord with the theoric adsorption amount. The PCMs exudation in TSOUs is less than lwt% that meets the requirement of stability. The TSOUs is stable enough to satisfy the demand of application in building materials, and it has broad foreground of application.
研究了微孔无机材料的吸附理论，提出微孔材料的吸附过程相当于工质材料对微孔的充填，其孔体积均为吸附空间。建立了一种以纳米孔道结构无机材料为载体，相变工质材料在微孔中以充填状态存在的自调温单元微观模型。应用该模型制备自调温单元，可利用材料的纳米尺寸效应和表面效应，在纳米孔道的内壁上形成吸附力的叠加，使微孔内部具有强的吸附势，可得到相变工质材料含量最大且性能稳定的自调温单元；该模型中微孔无机材料对相变工质材料的理论饱和吸附量为73.47％。
在以上微孔吸附理论研究基础上，选用海泡石作为微孔无机材料、十二醇作为相变工质材料，对自调温单元的制备工艺参数进行了优化研究，包括：海泡石原料的选择、海泡石改性的影响、吸附温度的选择、PCM有机溶液初始浓度的选择、搅拌时间的确定、烘干方式的选择、海泡石含水量的确定，最终得到自调温单元的最佳制备工艺。
建立了自调温单元的渗出稳定性检测以及调温效果、节能效果的评价方法。经检测，自调温单元的调温量为1.3℃时可节能12.69％。
制备的自调温单元中工质材料最高含量可达67.96％，与理论值基本相符；其工质材料渗出比例≤1wt％，渗出稳定性达到要求。该自调温单元性能优良，在建筑材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。
This work aimed at the problems of phase change materials (PCMs) exudation and low content of PCMs, prepared temperature self-operating units (TSOUs) by the packaging method of Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. Optimization of experimental parameters was carried out and the evaluation method of properties was studied to acquire TSOUs with the maximum PCM content and high stablity.
The adsorption theory of micropore inorganic materials was studied to direct the preparation of TSOUs by Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. The microstructure of TSOUs was established based on the theory that the micropore is filled during the process of micropore materials adsorption. According to the microstructure, the TSOUs are consist of two sections: the adsorbent of micropore inorganic materials and PCMs. TSOUs with the maximum PCM content and high stability may be prepared by making good use of the nano effect and surface effect of Organic/Inorganic nano composite materials. According to the microstructure, the saturated adsorption amount of micropore inorganic material is 73.47%.
Directed by the adsorption theories, sepiolite was selected as micropore inorganic material and dodecanol was selected as PCM, and carried out the optimization of experimental parameters, such as selection of sepiolite minerals, sepiolite modification, absorption temperature, PCMs solution concentration, stirring time, drying mode, dehydration of sepiolite. By the optimization, the best conditions on TSOUs preparation were achieved.
Measurement method of PCMs exudation was established to estimate the exudation of PCM in TSOUs, the temperature self-operating effects and energy saving effects of TSOUs was also examined. Results show that the energy saving effect of TSOUs reached 12.69% when the temperature was self-operated by 1.3 ℃
The TSOUs with the maximum PCM content of 67.96% were prepared through this work, the value accord with the theoric adsorption amount. The PCMs exudation in TSOUs is less than lwt% that meets the requirement of stability. The TSOUs is stable enough to satisfy the demand of application in building materials, and it has broad foreground of application.
引文
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