运用平铰拱理论提高拱桥承载力加固技术研究
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摘要
我国为数众多的桥梁中,拱桥是一种极为重要的桥型。特别是在中西部地区山川河流众多,石料丰富,劳动力充裕,使得该地区修建了相当数量的拱桥,这其中圬工拱桥又占了相当大的比例。随着交通量的增长,行车密度及车辆载重越来越大,加之设计荷载偏低、年久老化、承载力不足等,导致很多旧桥出现各种各样的病害,有的已经满足不了使用上的要求。对旧桥进行快捷、有效的维修和加固成为一项重要工作。
目前国内外加固方法总结归纳起来是从桥梁结构的外界因素或内在状况改变的角度两方面进行加固补强,提高承载力。平铰拱理论是在无铰拱和两铰拱的理论基础上提出来的。运用平铰拱理论加固拱桥是从内在因素出发,将原来的无铰拱在拱脚部位进行特殊技术处理后将其转化成平铰体系,改变其结构的受力状态,使其在受力过程中通过调整结构内力,达到内力的重新分配,开发主拱自身的潜力,进而优化结构受力达到提高拱桥承载力的目的。
本文重点从对平铰拱理论的提出和其理论体系展开论述,然后引出运用其理论进行拱桥加固的具体方法-释能法,对释能法的力学原理、理论计算、模型试验、施工方法等做了全面详细的阐述。最后通过实例手算和实桥加固并对其进行荷载试验证明基于平铰拱理论的释能法在加固拱桥方面的高效、便捷和经济性,是符合实际、切实可行并且有效的拱桥加固方法和技术。
Arch bridge is one of the most important bridge-types in our country,especially in the Midwest which has many mountains and rivers,and is rich in stone and labour.So these regions built many arch bridge,most of which were masonry bridges.Because of the growth of traffic volume,traffic density and vehicle load,low of design load,aging,insufficient capacity,and so on,many old bridges have various problems,and some of them couldn't meet the demands.Therefore,how to maintain and reinforce these old bridges quickly and effectively becomes one important job.
At home and abroad,the external factors from the bridge structure and the changes of internal condition are the main reinforcement methods that reinforces bridges to improve carrying capacity.Basing on the theory of no hinge arch and two hinge arch,flat hinge theory is brought out.Flat hinge theory using internal condition adopts special technology which makes no hinge arch into flat hinge arch in the arch feet parts.It changes the stress state of structure to redistribute internal stress, exploit the main arch's potential to make stress structure optimization,and improve the arch bridge.
This paper focuses on discussing the proposed of flat hinge theory and its theoretical system.Then using the theory leads to the concrete method of reinforcement arch bridge-release energy method.The paper elaborate the principle ,theoretical calculation, model tests, construction mode of the method.Finally, by hand calculation and real bridge reinforcement example,it proves that the release energy method of flat hinge theory is efficient,convenient and economic which is realistic, practical and effective technique of arch bridge reinforcement.
目前国内外加固方法总结归纳起来是从桥梁结构的外界因素或内在状况改变的角度两方面进行加固补强,提高承载力。平铰拱理论是在无铰拱和两铰拱的理论基础上提出来的。运用平铰拱理论加固拱桥是从内在因素出发,将原来的无铰拱在拱脚部位进行特殊技术处理后将其转化成平铰体系,改变其结构的受力状态,使其在受力过程中通过调整结构内力,达到内力的重新分配,开发主拱自身的潜力,进而优化结构受力达到提高拱桥承载力的目的。
本文重点从对平铰拱理论的提出和其理论体系展开论述,然后引出运用其理论进行拱桥加固的具体方法-释能法,对释能法的力学原理、理论计算、模型试验、施工方法等做了全面详细的阐述。最后通过实例手算和实桥加固并对其进行荷载试验证明基于平铰拱理论的释能法在加固拱桥方面的高效、便捷和经济性,是符合实际、切实可行并且有效的拱桥加固方法和技术。
Arch bridge is one of the most important bridge-types in our country,especially in the Midwest which has many mountains and rivers,and is rich in stone and labour.So these regions built many arch bridge,most of which were masonry bridges.Because of the growth of traffic volume,traffic density and vehicle load,low of design load,aging,insufficient capacity,and so on,many old bridges have various problems,and some of them couldn't meet the demands.Therefore,how to maintain and reinforce these old bridges quickly and effectively becomes one important job.
At home and abroad,the external factors from the bridge structure and the changes of internal condition are the main reinforcement methods that reinforces bridges to improve carrying capacity.Basing on the theory of no hinge arch and two hinge arch,flat hinge theory is brought out.Flat hinge theory using internal condition adopts special technology which makes no hinge arch into flat hinge arch in the arch feet parts.It changes the stress state of structure to redistribute internal stress, exploit the main arch's potential to make stress structure optimization,and improve the arch bridge.
This paper focuses on discussing the proposed of flat hinge theory and its theoretical system.Then using the theory leads to the concrete method of reinforcement arch bridge-release energy method.The paper elaborate the principle ,theoretical calculation, model tests, construction mode of the method.Finally, by hand calculation and real bridge reinforcement example,it proves that the release energy method of flat hinge theory is efficient,convenient and economic which is realistic, practical and effective technique of arch bridge reinforcement.
引文
[1]王世槐.污工拱桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1983.2
[2]楼庄鸿.拱桥的发展趋势[C].四川公路桥梁建设交流会论文集,1990
[3]顾安邦.重庆长江和嘉陵江上特大桥剖析[C].21世纪桥梁技术发展研讨会论文集,2002
[4]顾安邦,张力,向中富.茅以升科技教育基金会桥梁委员会2005年学术会议论文集[C].重庆大学出版社.2005.10
[5]楼庄鸿.国内外桥梁的现状和发展趋势[J].山西交通测设,1995.2
[6]周建庭,刘思孟,李跃军.石拱桥加固改造技术[M].人民交通出版社,2008
[7]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.11
[8]王世槐.旧危桥加固补强新技术研究报告[R].重庆交通学院,1989
[9]彭全敏,王海良,陈培奇.预应力碳纤维片材在桥梁加固中的发展现状与展望[J].铁道建筑,2008(7):7-11
[10]谭勇,周建庭,沈小俊.常用拱式桥梁加固技术及适用特点分析[J].重庆交通大学学报,2007(4):29-31
[11]周建廷.钢筋混凝土套箍封闭主拱圈加固拱桥研究[J].公路,2002(1):44-46
[12]张道省,崔土强,陈明国.顶推法加固拱桥技术应用研究[C].中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会2001年桥梁学术讨论会论文集,2001
[13]朱正伟,刘东燕,彭文轩.体外预应力技术在桥梁加固中应用的思考[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005(2):46-5O
[14] MABON L.Assessment,strengthening and preservation of masonry structures for continued use in today’S infrastructure[C].IABSE.Melbourne ,2002
[15] SUMON S K.New reinforcing systems for masonry arch railbridges[C].Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Railway Engineering;London:Engineering Technics Press,1999
[16] MICHAEL J,AGOSTINO D.Context-sensitive design:Precastarch bridges boost auto research[J].Bridges,2006,9(4):24-27
[17] MULLETT P J,GIFFORD M.Archtec-Strengthening and Preserving Masonry Arch Bridges in Cumbria[C].Structural Faults and Repair,Edinburgh,2006
[18]何志导,林家瑜,王志钊等.喷射混凝土在石拱桥加固施工中的应用[J].广东公路交通,2002(2):42-4
[19]张伟.拱桥拱脚开裂对拱桥动力特性的影响[J].江苏建筑,2005(12)
[20]胡文亚齐永正.用弹性力学理论分析合理拱轴线[J].安徽建筑,2005(2)
[21]童林,周兴国.拱轴线的新型式-悬索线[J].城市道桥与防洪,2004(1)
[22]卞华,欧莉.平铰拱桥受力分析的迭代法[J].郑州工业大学学报,2001.22(1):43-45
[23]姜敬波.拱桥拱上建筑参与主拱圈联合作用研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文.辽宁工程技术大学,2003
[24]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公路旧桥加固技术与实例[M].北京:北京人民交通出版社,2001
[25] Tee A B,Bmwan M D,Slina K c.A Fuzzy Mathematical Approach in Condition Assessment of Highway Bridges[J].Civil Engineering,1988,15(1):17-24
[26]王子军.在役桥梁可靠性评估及加固方案优选研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.长安大学,2004
[27]张玲玲,马建勋.服役结构可靠性的模糊评判法及应用[J].土木工程学报,2001.34(5):20-23
[28]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范.人民交通出版社,1989
[29]罗英,唐寰澄.中国石拱桥研究[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993.6
[30]毛瑞祥,程祥云.公路桥涵设计手册-基本资料[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[31]湖南省交通规划勘查设计研究院.拱上构造联合作用简化计算法.湖南省交通设计院公路工程通讯21期
[32]交通部科学研究院,江苏交通局,湖南省交通局等.公路双曲拱桥上部构造设计计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1980
[33]中华人民共和国交通部标准,公路桥涵设计规范(合订本).人民交通出版社,1985
[34] Clemente.P.Introduetion to dynamics of stone arehes[J].Earthquake Engn.Struet.Dyn,1998.(5)
[35] Malcom Fletcher.Orwell bridge:UK Slargest Prestressed Concrete Span.Concrete International,1969
[36] Arch halver fall.making pivotal link in Germany.Engineering News-Record.1985
[37]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[38] Chan,H.Y.Melehers,R.E.,Time-dependent resistance deterioration in Probabilist struetural systems.Civil Engineering System.Vol.12.1995:115-132
[39]杨文渊,徐彝.桥梁维修与加固[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989(12)
[40] Enright,Miehael P.Frangopol,DanM.Condition predietion of deteriorating concrete bridges using Bayesian updating.Journal of Structure Engineering Vol.125,No.10.1999
[41]蒙云,蒙华,艾吉人,乔墩."释能法"提高拱桥承载力模型试验研究[C].第十七届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社,2006.1:919-934
[42]吴察微,王泽锋.碳纤维布在桥梁加固工程中的应用[J].中外公路,2004,24(1):90-92
[43]董聪.现代结构系统可靠性理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[44]邹天一,李扬海.结构可靠度[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.12
[45]史敏,史家钧.公路中小桥梁承载能力评定方法研究[J].上海公路,2001(1):23-26
[46]交通部公路科学研究所,交通部公路局技术处,交通部公路规划设计院.大跨径混凝土桥梁的试验方法,1982
[2]楼庄鸿.拱桥的发展趋势[C].四川公路桥梁建设交流会论文集,1990
[3]顾安邦.重庆长江和嘉陵江上特大桥剖析[C].21世纪桥梁技术发展研讨会论文集,2002
[4]顾安邦,张力,向中富.茅以升科技教育基金会桥梁委员会2005年学术会议论文集[C].重庆大学出版社.2005.10
[5]楼庄鸿.国内外桥梁的现状和发展趋势[J].山西交通测设,1995.2
[6]周建庭,刘思孟,李跃军.石拱桥加固改造技术[M].人民交通出版社,2008
[7]蒙云,卢波.桥梁加固与改造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.11
[8]王世槐.旧危桥加固补强新技术研究报告[R].重庆交通学院,1989
[9]彭全敏,王海良,陈培奇.预应力碳纤维片材在桥梁加固中的发展现状与展望[J].铁道建筑,2008(7):7-11
[10]谭勇,周建庭,沈小俊.常用拱式桥梁加固技术及适用特点分析[J].重庆交通大学学报,2007(4):29-31
[11]周建廷.钢筋混凝土套箍封闭主拱圈加固拱桥研究[J].公路,2002(1):44-46
[12]张道省,崔土强,陈明国.顶推法加固拱桥技术应用研究[C].中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会2001年桥梁学术讨论会论文集,2001
[13]朱正伟,刘东燕,彭文轩.体外预应力技术在桥梁加固中应用的思考[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005(2):46-5O
[14] MABON L.Assessment,strengthening and preservation of masonry structures for continued use in today’S infrastructure[C].IABSE.Melbourne ,2002
[15] SUMON S K.New reinforcing systems for masonry arch railbridges[C].Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Railway Engineering;London:Engineering Technics Press,1999
[16] MICHAEL J,AGOSTINO D.Context-sensitive design:Precastarch bridges boost auto research[J].Bridges,2006,9(4):24-27
[17] MULLETT P J,GIFFORD M.Archtec-Strengthening and Preserving Masonry Arch Bridges in Cumbria[C].Structural Faults and Repair,Edinburgh,2006
[18]何志导,林家瑜,王志钊等.喷射混凝土在石拱桥加固施工中的应用[J].广东公路交通,2002(2):42-4
[19]张伟.拱桥拱脚开裂对拱桥动力特性的影响[J].江苏建筑,2005(12)
[20]胡文亚齐永正.用弹性力学理论分析合理拱轴线[J].安徽建筑,2005(2)
[21]童林,周兴国.拱轴线的新型式-悬索线[J].城市道桥与防洪,2004(1)
[22]卞华,欧莉.平铰拱桥受力分析的迭代法[J].郑州工业大学学报,2001.22(1):43-45
[23]姜敬波.拱桥拱上建筑参与主拱圈联合作用研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文.辽宁工程技术大学,2003
[24]堪润水,胡钊芳,帅长斌.公路旧桥加固技术与实例[M].北京:北京人民交通出版社,2001
[25] Tee A B,Bmwan M D,Slina K c.A Fuzzy Mathematical Approach in Condition Assessment of Highway Bridges[J].Civil Engineering,1988,15(1):17-24
[26]王子军.在役桥梁可靠性评估及加固方案优选研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文.长安大学,2004
[27]张玲玲,马建勋.服役结构可靠性的模糊评判法及应用[J].土木工程学报,2001.34(5):20-23
[28]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范.人民交通出版社,1989
[29]罗英,唐寰澄.中国石拱桥研究[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993.6
[30]毛瑞祥,程祥云.公路桥涵设计手册-基本资料[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[31]湖南省交通规划勘查设计研究院.拱上构造联合作用简化计算法.湖南省交通设计院公路工程通讯21期
[32]交通部科学研究院,江苏交通局,湖南省交通局等.公路双曲拱桥上部构造设计计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1980
[33]中华人民共和国交通部标准,公路桥涵设计规范(合订本).人民交通出版社,1985
[34] Clemente.P.Introduetion to dynamics of stone arehes[J].Earthquake Engn.Struet.Dyn,1998.(5)
[35] Malcom Fletcher.Orwell bridge:UK Slargest Prestressed Concrete Span.Concrete International,1969
[36] Arch halver fall.making pivotal link in Germany.Engineering News-Record.1985
[37]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[38] Chan,H.Y.Melehers,R.E.,Time-dependent resistance deterioration in Probabilist struetural systems.Civil Engineering System.Vol.12.1995:115-132
[39]杨文渊,徐彝.桥梁维修与加固[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989(12)
[40] Enright,Miehael P.Frangopol,DanM.Condition predietion of deteriorating concrete bridges using Bayesian updating.Journal of Structure Engineering Vol.125,No.10.1999
[41]蒙云,蒙华,艾吉人,乔墩."释能法"提高拱桥承载力模型试验研究[C].第十七届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.人民交通出版社,2006.1:919-934
[42]吴察微,王泽锋.碳纤维布在桥梁加固工程中的应用[J].中外公路,2004,24(1):90-92
[43]董聪.现代结构系统可靠性理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[44]邹天一,李扬海.结构可靠度[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.12
[45]史敏,史家钧.公路中小桥梁承载能力评定方法研究[J].上海公路,2001(1):23-26
[46]交通部公路科学研究所,交通部公路局技术处,交通部公路规划设计院.大跨径混凝土桥梁的试验方法,1982