企业家能力与资本积累效率
|
摘要
众多的文献从理论和实证的角度阐述了贸易确实是促进一国资本积累的重要来源,但理论与实际发展往往呈现出不同的运行轨迹,结合中国的贸易实际,进出口总额的增长速度以及占GDP比重持续扩大,外汇储备不断增加。与此同时,我国的固定资本投资和资本存量不断增加,经济增长率也始终保持较高的水平,显然,贸易对于促进我国资本形成和经济增长具有重要作用,国内学者的研究也证实了这种情况的存在。
而另一方面,我国的收入贸易条件与价格贸易条件经常反向变动,价格贸易条件基本呈现下降趋势,而收入贸易条件则呈上升趋势,表明我国贸易顺着和外汇储备的增加依赖于低价条件下的贸易量的扩张,从而造成创汇不创收的结果,贸易收益并不理想。在贸易与资本积累存在相关性的情况下,实际上意味着贸易促进我国资本积累的效率相对低下。
基于这样的情况,本文将在遵循比较优势的基础上,将企业家能力值纳入生产函数,通过新古典经济增长理论来具体研究企业家能力对资本积累效率的影响,具体探讨企业家能力对贸易条件和资本回报率的影响。这一思路的出发点来自于林毅夫的新结构主义分析,其认为企业的自生能力决定的经济发展水平,而企业的自生能力如何变动却并没有给予说明,本文认为,企业的自生能力取决于企业家能力,企业家能力的提升有助于提高企业自生能力,进而使得经济获得动态比较优势。
通过理论上阐述企业家能力对资本积累的影响,可以得出相应三个推论,一是消费品部门相对于资本品部门的企业家能力值的上升有利于改善贸易条件；消费品部门相对于资本品部门的资本投入比重上升同样有利于贸易条件改善；消费品部门的资本劳动比,即资本密集程度的上升能否改善贸易条件取决于其资本产出弹性是否大于资本品部门；消费品部门企业家能力和劳动效率的提升都将有利于贸易条件改善,并促进资本积累和人均产出水平上升；二是只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性小于资本品部门时,其资本劳动比上升才会有利于资本积累和产出增加,即消费品越倾向于资本密集品,对贸易条件的改善作用和资本积累效果越明显；三是消费品部门的资本劳动比上升将提高资本回报率；只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性大于资本品部门时,其企业家能力、资本投入比重的升才会提高资本回报率,反之,将降低资本回报率。
通过数据的经验分析也证实了上述推论的存在,企业家能力值上升的确可以缓解贸易条件恶化程度。同时将上述分析推广到区域比较,将区域差距理解为企业家能力的差距,正是由于企业家要素在区域的分布密度和能力的差异导致了区域经济发展的不均衡,结果同样证实,东部地区企业家能力对资本积累效率的提高产生显著影响,而中西部地区企业家能力值的上长对资本积累的促进作用仍然体现在量的扩张而非效率改进,这也正是造成区域经济差距的重要原因,
最后还比较分析了江苏和浙江两省的企业家能力和资本积累效率差异,两个地区的资本积累效率差异根源于其分工模式路径选择,正是这种路径差异导致企业家能力的表现具有不同的特点。
Numerous theoretical and empirical literatures the fact that trade is an important source of capital accumulation for the country, but the development of theory and practice often presents a different trajectory. Combined with China's trade, the growth rate of import and export.and the share of trade to GDP continues to expand, which increase china's foreign exchange reserves. At the same time, China's fixed capital investment and capital stock increased, economic growth has always maintained a high level, obviously, and trade has an important role for the promotion of capital formation and economic growth. Domestic scholars have confirmed this fact.
On the other hand. China's income terms of trade and price terms of trade are often reverse while the income terms of trade are rising, indicates that China's foreign exchange reserves increasing depends on the low price and the expansion of trade Volume. Which cause the non-revenue-earning results, gains from trade is low, which means that efficiency of capital accumulation caused by trade is relatively low.
Based on this situation, this article will follow the basis of comparative advantage, take the value of entrepreneurship into the production function, through the neoclassical growth theory to study entrepreneurship's impact on capital accumulation efficiency, specifically we will discuss the effect of entrepreneurship on trade conditions and the rate of return to capital. This line of thought is the starting point from Justin Lin's new structuralism analysis, it considers a firm's ability to determine the level of economic development, but he did not provide an explanation about the source of firm's ability, this paper believes that a company's viability depends on entrepreneurs ability, to enhance entrepreneurship helps to improve firm's viability, thus making economic gain dynamic comparative advantage.
Through the analysis of the effect of Entrepreneurship ability on capital accumulation, the corresponding three inferences can be drawn, namely the consumer goods sector relative to capital goods sector have a high capital-product elasticity,entrepreneurship abilityrise will help to improve the terms of trade; relative to capital goods sector consumer goods sector increased the proportion of capital investment will favor the terms of trade; whether the rise of capital-labor ratio of export sectors (consumer goods) can have benefit to improve the terms of trade depends on its ability, capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector; consumer goods sector entrepreneurs capacity and labor efficiency improvements will be conducive to improved terms of trade, and promote capital accumulation and per capita output levels; Second, only when the consumer goods sector capital output elasticity is less than the capital goods sector, its capital-labor ratio will conducive to capital accumulation and output increases, the more likely that capital-intensive consumer goods, improved terms of trade effects and capital accumulation effect is more obvious; the rise of capital-labor ratio of consumer goods sector will increase return on capital; only when the consumer goods sector capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector, its entrepreneurship will increase return on capital, in turn, will reduce the return on capital.
Data analysis also confirmed the existence of the above reasoning, the ability of entrepreneurship can indeed alleviate rising terms of trade deterioration. By taking the above analysis extended to the regional comparison, we can understand the gap between regional disparities, precisely because entrepreneurs factor in regional differences has led to uneven results also confirm that the entrepreneurship in eastern region have a significant impact on the efficiency of capital accumulation, while entrepreneurship ability of central and western regions still reflected the expansion of amount of capital accumulation rather than efficiency improvements, which is an important reasons for regional economic disparities
Finally, a comparative analysis of differences of entrepreneurs’ability and efficiency of capital accumulation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang it can conclude that the difference of capital accumulation efficiency of two regions rooted in the division of labor pattern, it is this path differences lead to the performance of the entrepreneur ability.
而另一方面,我国的收入贸易条件与价格贸易条件经常反向变动,价格贸易条件基本呈现下降趋势,而收入贸易条件则呈上升趋势,表明我国贸易顺着和外汇储备的增加依赖于低价条件下的贸易量的扩张,从而造成创汇不创收的结果,贸易收益并不理想。在贸易与资本积累存在相关性的情况下,实际上意味着贸易促进我国资本积累的效率相对低下。
基于这样的情况,本文将在遵循比较优势的基础上,将企业家能力值纳入生产函数,通过新古典经济增长理论来具体研究企业家能力对资本积累效率的影响,具体探讨企业家能力对贸易条件和资本回报率的影响。这一思路的出发点来自于林毅夫的新结构主义分析,其认为企业的自生能力决定的经济发展水平,而企业的自生能力如何变动却并没有给予说明,本文认为,企业的自生能力取决于企业家能力,企业家能力的提升有助于提高企业自生能力,进而使得经济获得动态比较优势。
通过理论上阐述企业家能力对资本积累的影响,可以得出相应三个推论,一是消费品部门相对于资本品部门的企业家能力值的上升有利于改善贸易条件；消费品部门相对于资本品部门的资本投入比重上升同样有利于贸易条件改善；消费品部门的资本劳动比,即资本密集程度的上升能否改善贸易条件取决于其资本产出弹性是否大于资本品部门；消费品部门企业家能力和劳动效率的提升都将有利于贸易条件改善,并促进资本积累和人均产出水平上升；二是只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性小于资本品部门时,其资本劳动比上升才会有利于资本积累和产出增加,即消费品越倾向于资本密集品,对贸易条件的改善作用和资本积累效果越明显；三是消费品部门的资本劳动比上升将提高资本回报率；只有当消费品部门的资本产出弹性大于资本品部门时,其企业家能力、资本投入比重的升才会提高资本回报率,反之,将降低资本回报率。
通过数据的经验分析也证实了上述推论的存在,企业家能力值上升的确可以缓解贸易条件恶化程度。同时将上述分析推广到区域比较,将区域差距理解为企业家能力的差距,正是由于企业家要素在区域的分布密度和能力的差异导致了区域经济发展的不均衡,结果同样证实,东部地区企业家能力对资本积累效率的提高产生显著影响,而中西部地区企业家能力值的上长对资本积累的促进作用仍然体现在量的扩张而非效率改进,这也正是造成区域经济差距的重要原因,
最后还比较分析了江苏和浙江两省的企业家能力和资本积累效率差异,两个地区的资本积累效率差异根源于其分工模式路径选择,正是这种路径差异导致企业家能力的表现具有不同的特点。
Numerous theoretical and empirical literatures the fact that trade is an important source of capital accumulation for the country, but the development of theory and practice often presents a different trajectory. Combined with China's trade, the growth rate of import and export.and the share of trade to GDP continues to expand, which increase china's foreign exchange reserves. At the same time, China's fixed capital investment and capital stock increased, economic growth has always maintained a high level, obviously, and trade has an important role for the promotion of capital formation and economic growth. Domestic scholars have confirmed this fact.
On the other hand. China's income terms of trade and price terms of trade are often reverse while the income terms of trade are rising, indicates that China's foreign exchange reserves increasing depends on the low price and the expansion of trade Volume. Which cause the non-revenue-earning results, gains from trade is low, which means that efficiency of capital accumulation caused by trade is relatively low.
Based on this situation, this article will follow the basis of comparative advantage, take the value of entrepreneurship into the production function, through the neoclassical growth theory to study entrepreneurship's impact on capital accumulation efficiency, specifically we will discuss the effect of entrepreneurship on trade conditions and the rate of return to capital. This line of thought is the starting point from Justin Lin's new structuralism analysis, it considers a firm's ability to determine the level of economic development, but he did not provide an explanation about the source of firm's ability, this paper believes that a company's viability depends on entrepreneurs ability, to enhance entrepreneurship helps to improve firm's viability, thus making economic gain dynamic comparative advantage.
Through the analysis of the effect of Entrepreneurship ability on capital accumulation, the corresponding three inferences can be drawn, namely the consumer goods sector relative to capital goods sector have a high capital-product elasticity,entrepreneurship abilityrise will help to improve the terms of trade; relative to capital goods sector consumer goods sector increased the proportion of capital investment will favor the terms of trade; whether the rise of capital-labor ratio of export sectors (consumer goods) can have benefit to improve the terms of trade depends on its ability, capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector; consumer goods sector entrepreneurs capacity and labor efficiency improvements will be conducive to improved terms of trade, and promote capital accumulation and per capita output levels; Second, only when the consumer goods sector capital output elasticity is less than the capital goods sector, its capital-labor ratio will conducive to capital accumulation and output increases, the more likely that capital-intensive consumer goods, improved terms of trade effects and capital accumulation effect is more obvious; the rise of capital-labor ratio of consumer goods sector will increase return on capital; only when the consumer goods sector capital-output elasticity is greater than the capital goods sector, its entrepreneurship will increase return on capital, in turn, will reduce the return on capital.
Data analysis also confirmed the existence of the above reasoning, the ability of entrepreneurship can indeed alleviate rising terms of trade deterioration. By taking the above analysis extended to the regional comparison, we can understand the gap between regional disparities, precisely because entrepreneurs factor in regional differences has led to uneven results also confirm that the entrepreneurship in eastern region have a significant impact on the efficiency of capital accumulation, while entrepreneurship ability of central and western regions still reflected the expansion of amount of capital accumulation rather than efficiency improvements, which is an important reasons for regional economic disparities
Finally, a comparative analysis of differences of entrepreneurs’ability and efficiency of capital accumulation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang it can conclude that the difference of capital accumulation efficiency of two regions rooted in the division of labor pattern, it is this path differences lead to the performance of the entrepreneur ability.
引文
① 本文得到国家自然科学基金(项目号：71173181)的资助。
② Harberger(1950)、 Laursen和Metzler(1950)、 White(1954)、 Day(1954)、 Pearce(1955)、 Johnson(1956)、 Findlay 和Rodriguez(1977)、 Buiter(1978)、 Bruno和Sachs(1979)、 Obstfeld(1982)、 Svensson和Razin (1983)、 Persson和Svensson(1985)、 Bean(1986)、 Mansoorian(1993)、 Backus等(1994)、 Ikeda(2001)、 Cashin和McDermott(2003)、 Huang和Meng(2007)、 Angyridis和Mansoorian(2008)的研究分析的贸易对储蓄的影响：此外,Bardhan(1965)、 Inada(1968)、 Srinivasan(1969)、 Song(1993)、 Das(1999)、 Guillo(1999)、 Baldwin和Seghezza(1996)、 Calzolari和Lambcrtini(2006)的研究具体分析了贸易引致资本积累的各种可能。
③ 沈坤荣和李剑(2003)、张立光等(2004)、盛誉(2004)、、李坤望和宋立刚(2006)、李小平和朱钟棣(2006)、梁俊伟(2006)、尹敬东(2007)、刘志彪(2007)、赵文军和于津平(2008)的研究探讨了贸易对资本积累和中国经济增长的影响。
① 关于中国问题的研究可参见王艳和杨忠直(2005)、孙辉煌(2009)、王恕立和刘军(2012);关于人力资本模型可参见Gerschenkron(1962)、Nelson和Phelps(1966)、Stokey(1991)、Mankiw等(1992)Benhabib和Spiegel (1994)、Rotemberg和Saloner(2000)、Ranjan(2003)、Naito(2004)、Xu和Chiang(2005)的研究。关于干中学模型可参见、Arrow(1962)、Klein(1973)、Rosenberg(1982)、Romer(1990)、Young (1991)、Lucas (1988)、Aghion和Howitt(1992)的研究
① 关于这方面的文献参见Aghion和Howitt(1998).Segerstrom(1998).Dinopoulos和Thompson(1998).Young (1998).Jones(1999).Barro和Sala-IMartin(2004)的研究。
① 林毅夫关于比较优势理论的论述具体可通风林毅夫等(1999)、林毅夫(2002a,2002b,2002c,,2011).林毅夫和张鹏飞(2005.2006)、林毅夫和苏剑(2007)、林毅夫和任若恩(2007)、龚刚和林毅夫(2007)、李飞跃和林毅夫(2011)、徐朝阳和林毅夫(2010)等的研究,这些研究最终归结于新结构主义经济学。
② 张小蒂和李晓钟(2001)的研究同样强调了坚持比较优势对于经济发展的意义,并从资源、外部性和竞争优势三个层次对比较优势的内涵加以拓展。
① 张峥等(2004)研究了A股上市公司的综合资本成本和投资回报的关系；邵挺(2010)利用工业企业数据研究了所有制结构对资本回报率的影响。
[1]Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D.B., Braunerhjelm, P., and Carlsson, B. The Missing Link:The Knowledge Filter and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growth[C].CEPR Discussion paper No.4783, Center for Economic Policy Research, London,2004
[2]Acs, Z., P. Braunerhjelm, D. Audretsch, and B. Carlsson. The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship [J]. Small Business Economics,2009,32: 15-30.
[3]Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter; A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction[J]. Econometrica,1992(60),2:323-351
[4]Angyridis,C and Mansoorian,A. The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect with Marshallian Preferences[J]. Economics Bulletin,2008,6:l-11
[5]Arrow, K. J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1962,29:155-173
[6]Arvanitis, A Mikkola, A. Asset-Market Structure and International Trade Dynamics[J].American Economic Review.1996(86),2:67-70
[7]Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10:65-73.
[8]Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10:65-73.
[9]Audretsch, D. B. and Keilbach, M. Resolving the Knowledge Paradox: Knowledge-Spillover Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth [J]. Research Policy,2008,37:1697-1705.
[10]Backus,D.K.,P. Kehoe,and F.E.Kydland. Dynamics of the Trade Balance and the Terms of Trade:the J-Curve? [J]. American Economic Review,1994,84: 84-103
[11]Baldwin, R.E. Economic Development and Export Growth:A Study of Northern Rhodesia 1920-1960[M]. Los Angeles:University of California Press,1966
[12]Baldwin,R Seghezza.E. Trade-Induced Investment-Led Growth[M]. NBER Working Paper,1996.No.5582
[13]Bardhan, P. K. Optimum Accumulation and International Trade. Review of Economic Studies,1965,32,241-44
[14]Baron R A. Opportunity Recognition as Pattern Recognition[J]. Acacemy of Management Perspectives,2006(20),1:104-119
[15]Barro R and Sala-i-Martin X,Economic Growth. New York,:McGraw-Hill Press,1995
[16]Baumol, W. Entrepreneurship and Economic theory[J]. American Economic Review [J].1968,58:64-71.
[17]Baumol, William. Entrepreneurship:Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990(98),5:893-921
[18]Baxter, Marianne. International Trade and Business Cycles[J]. NBER Working Papers,1995,No.5025
[19]Bean,Charles. The Terms of Trade.Labour Supply and The Current Account[J]. The Economic Journal,1986,96,38-46
[20]Benhabib, Jess; Spiegel, Mark. The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development:Evidence from Aggregate Cross-Country Data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1994 (34)2:143-73
[21]Benvignati. Anita. Interfirm Adoption of Capital-Goods Innovations [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1982(64),2:330-335
[22]Bergstrand, Jeffery. the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model, The Linder Hypothesis and the Determinants of bilateral Intra-Industry Trade[J]. The Economic Journal,1990,100.1216-1229
[23]Berkowitz, Daniel and DeJong, David N. Policy reform and growth in post-Soviet Russia [J]. European Economic Review,2003,47(2),337-352
[24]Beugelsdijk S. and Noorderhaven N. Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth:a Cross Section of 54 Regions [J].Annals of Regional Science,2004, 38(2):199-218.
[25]Boileau, Martin. Trade in Capital Voods and the Volatility of Net Exports and the Terms of Trade", Journal of International Economics,1999,48(2):347-365
[26]Boileau, M. Trade in Capital Goods and Investment-Specific Technical Change [J]. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control,2002,26,963-984
[27]Braunerhjelm, P. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic growth[C]. working Papers Series from Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum.2010
[28]Broadbent E. Perception and Comnication[M]. London:Pergamon Press,1958
[29]Bruno, Michael, and Sachs, Jeffrey D. Macroeconomic Adjustment with Input Price Shocks:Real and Monetary Aspects [J]. University of Stockholm Seminar Paper,1979, No.118
[30]Buiter, Willem H. Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of External Disturbances under a Floating Exchange Rate [J]. Economica,1978,45:251-272
[31]Calzolari,G and Lambertini, L. Export Restraints in a Model of Trade with Capital Accumulation[J]. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2007, 31:3822-3842
[32]Cashin, Paul and John MacDermoot. Intertemporal Substitution and Terms-of-Trade Shocks [J]. Review of International Economics,2003,11: 604-618
[33]Cass, David. Optimum Growth in an Aggregative Model of Capital Accumulation:a Turnpike Theorem [J]. Econometrica,1966.,34:833-850
[34]Cavallo, Michele; Landry, Anthony. The Quantitative Role of Capital-Goods Imports in U.S. Growth. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper [J].2010, No.47
[35]Chen C C, Greene P G,; Crick A. Does Entrepreneurial selfefficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1998,13: 295-316
[36]Chen,HungJu and Chen MinHsu. Current Account, Capital Formation and Terms of Trade Shocks:a Revisit of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Journal of Economics,2006,88:179-201
[37]Current Account. Capital Formation and Terms of Trade Shocks:A Revisit of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect [J]. Journal of Economics,2006,88(2): 179-201
[38]Das.Satya. North-South Trade. Capital Accumulation and Personal Distribution of Wealth and Income[J]. Econometric Society World Congress Contributed Papers,2000,No.0040
[39]Day, Alan. Relative Prices, Expenditure and the Trade Balance:A Note[J]. Economica,1954,21:64-69.
[40]De Long, J. B and Summers, Lawrence. Equipment Investment and Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1991,106:445-502
[41]Deardoff, A and R. Stern, The Michigan Model of World Production and Trade: Theory and Applications[M]. Cambridge:MlT Press,1986,
[42]Deardorff, Alan. The Gains from Trade in and out of Steady-state Growth[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1973(25),2:173-191
[43]Demurger S,Sachs J D,Woo Wing Thye,Shuming BaoGene Chang,Andrew Mellinger. Geography.Economic Policy and Regional Development in China[R]. CID Working Paper,2001,No.,77,
[44]Dornbusch, Rudiger; Fischer. Stanley; Samuelson, Paul. Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory with a Continuum of Goods[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1980(95),2:203-224
[45]Duncan,R and Tian Xiao Wen. China's Interprovincial Disparities:An Explanation[J]. Communist and Postcommunist Studies,1999,32:211-224
[46]Eaton, Jonathan and Samuel Kortum.. Trade in Capital Goods[J]. Europen Economic Review,2001,45:1195-1235.
[47]Erken, H., Donselaar, P., and T hurik, A. R. Total Factor Productivity and The Role of Entrepreneurship[C]. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper,2009, 09-034/4
[48]Erken, H., Donselaar, P., and T hurik, A. R. Total Factor Productivity and The Role of Entrepreneurship[J] Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper,09-034/4, Rotterdam.2009
[49]Fan, C. Simon; Hu, Yifan. Imports of Capital Goods and Enterprise Performance:A Firm-Level Analysis in China[J]. Applied Economics Letters, 2008,15:391-394
[50]Findlay, Ronald E., and Rodriguez, Carlos Alfredo. Intermediate Imports and Macroeconomic Policy under Flexible Exchange Rates [J]. Canadian Journal of Economy,1977,10:208-217.
[51]Galor,O and Lin,S. Terms of Trade and Current Account Dynamics:A Methodological Critique[J]. International Economic Review,1994,35:1001-1014
[52]Gerschenkron.A. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perpective[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1962
[53]Glaeser E. Entrepreneurship and The City[J]. NBER Working Paper No. 13551,2012
[54]Goh, A., Olivier. Learning by Doing, Trade in Capital Goods and Growth[J]. Journal of International Economics,2002.56:411-444
[55]Grossman, G, Helpman, E. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy[M]. Cambridge:MIT Press,1991a.
[56]Grossman, G, Helpman, E. Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth[J]. Review of Economic Studies,199 1b,58:43-61.
[57]Grossman,G and Helpman,E. Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth[J]. NBER Working Paper,1989,W2809
[58]Guillo,M,D. On Terms of Trade and Capital Accumulation[J]. Review of International Economics,1999,7:228-244
[59]Harberger, A. C. Currency Depreciation, Income and the Balance of Trade[J]. Journal of Political Economy.1950,58:47-60.
[60]Harris, R. and D. Cox. Trade, Industrial Policy and Canadian Manufacturing, Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1984
[61]Herrerias, M. J.; Orts, Vicente. Equipment Investment, Output and Productivity in China[J]. Empirical Economics.2012(42):181-207
[62]Huang.Kevin and Qinglai Meng, "The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect under Capital Market Imperfections",2007,26,1001-1015
[63]Hull, David L.; Bosley, John J.; Udell, Gerald G; Renewing the Hunt for the Heffalump:Identifying Potential Entrepreneurs by Personality Characteristics.Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms[J].1995,1:268-75
[64]Hussain,A, Peter Lanjouw and Nicholas Stern. Income Inequalities in China:Evidence from Househould Survey Data[J]. World Development, 1994,22:1947-1957
[65]Ikeda,Shinsuke. Weakly Non-Separable Preferences and the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Canandian Journal of Economics,2001,34:290-307
[66]Inada, Ken-Ichi. Free Trade,Capital Accumulation and Factor Price Equalization[J]. Economic Record,1968.44:322-340
[67]Johnson,G. The Transfer Problem and Exchange Stability [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1956,64"212-25
[68]Jones, Charles. R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1995b 103:75984
[69]Kanbur.R and Zhang Xiaobo. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:A Journey Through Central Planning Reform and Openness[J]. Review of Development Economics,2005,9:87-106
[70]Kanbur,R and Zhang Xiaobo. Which Regional Inequality? The Evolution of Rural Urban and Inland-Coastal Inequality in China from 1983-1995[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,1999,27:686-701
[71]Kaneko, Akihiko. Terms of Trade, Economic Growth, and Trade Patterns:a Small Open-Economy Case", Journal of International Economics,2000,52(1), 169-181
[72]Kirzner I M. Competition and Entrepreneurship[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1973
[73]Kirzner,IM. Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach [J]. Journal of Economic Literature,1997(35):1:60-85
[74]Klein, Roger W. A Dynamic Theory of Comparative Advantage[J]. American Economic Review,1973(63),1:173-184
[75]Knight,F. Risk,Uncertainty and Profit[M]. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Co.,1921
[76]Koopmans,Tjalling. Objectives,Constraints,and Outcomes in Optimal Growth Models[J]. Econometrica,1967,35:1-15
[77]Krugman, P. A model of innovation, Technology transfer, and the world distribution of income[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1979,87:253-266
[78]Krugman, P.. The Narrowing Moving Band, the Dutch Disease and the Economic Consequences of Mrs.Thatcher[J]. Journal of Development Economics,1987,27:41-55
[79]Krugman,p,Rethingking International Trade[M]. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1990
[80]Krugman,Paul. Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade[J]. American Economic Review,1980,70:950-59
[81]Krugman,Paul. Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade[J]. Journal of International Economics,1979,9,469-479
[82]Krugman,Paul. Industrial Organization and International Trade[J]. NBER Working Papers,1986, No,1957
[83]Laursen,S.,and L.A Metzler. Flexible Exchange Rates and tbe Theory of Employment[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1950,32:281-299.
[84]Lazear E. Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship [J]. American Economic Review,2004,94 (2):208-211.
[85]Lee, Jong-Wha. Capital Goods Imports and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Development Economics,1995,48(1):91-110
[86]Lee, Jong-Wha. International Trade, Distortions and Long-Run Economic Growth[J]. IMF Staff Papers,1993,40:299-328
[87]Lee,J. Changes in the Source of China's Regional inequality[J]. China Economics Revies,200,11:232-245
[88]Lucas, Robert. On the Mechanics of Economic Development [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1988(22),1:3-42
[89]Luthje, Teit. Vertical Specialization Between Developed and Developing Countries:A Modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model[J]. International Trade Journal,2006,20:407-427
[90]Lyons, P. Interprovincial Disparities in China output and consumption. 1952-1987[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,1991,4:471-505
[91]Mankiw,G, Romer,D and David,Weil. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1992,107:407-438
[92]Mansoorian, Arman. Habit Persistence and the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect in an Infinite Horizon Model[J]. Journal of International Economics, 1993,34:153-166
[93]Marshall A. Principles of Econom ics [M],1890.8th ed.London:Macmillan, 1961
[94]Matsuyama,K. Terms of Trade,Factor Intersities, and the Current Account in a Life-Cycle Model[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1988,55:299-313
[95]Matsuyama,K. Terms of Trade, Factor Intensities and the Current Account in a Life-Cycle Model[J],The Review of Economic Studies,1988,55:247-262
[96]Mazumdar, J. Do Static Gains from Trade Lead to Medium-Run Growth? [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1996(104),6:1328-1337
[97]McMillan, J. and C. Woodruff,. The Central Role of Entrepreneurs in Transition Economies [J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2002,16(3): 153-170.
[98]Minniti, M., and M. Levesque. Entrepreneurial Types and Economic Growth [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2010,25:305-314.
[99]Mueller, P. Exploring the Knowledge Filter:How Entrepreneurship and University-Industry Relationships Drive Economic Growth [J]. Research Policy.2006,35:1499-1508.
[100]Mueller, P. Exploring the Knowledge Filter:How Entrepreneurship and University-Industry Relationships Drive Economic Growth[J]. Research Policy,2006,35:1499-1508.
[101]Mussa, Michael. Dynamic Adjustment in the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model[J].. Journal of Political Economy,1978(86)5:775-791
[102]Naito, Hisahiro. Endogenous Human Capital Accumulation, Comparative Advantage and Direct vs. Indirect Redistribution[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2004(88),12:2685-2710
[103]Nelson, R. R.:Phelps, E. S. Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth[J]. American Economic Review,1966(56):69-75
[104]Obstfeld,M. Aggregate Spending and the Terms of Trade:Is There a Laursen-Metzler Effect? [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1982, 97:251-70
[105]Oniki,H and Uzawa,H. Patterns of Tradeand Investment in a Dynamic Model of International Trade[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1965,32:15-38
[106]Pearce, I. F. A "Note on Mr. Spraos'Paper[J]. Economica,1955,22:147-151
[107]Persson,T and Lars Svensson. Current Account Dunamics and Terms of Trade:Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Two Generations Later[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1985,93:43-65
[108]Romer, P. Endogenous Technological Change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98:571-602.
[109]Romer, Paul M. Human Capital and Growth:Theory and Evidence[J]. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy,1990,32:251-86
[110]Romer,P. Increasing Return and Long-Run Growth[J]. Journal of Political Econom,1986,94:1002-1037
[111]Rosenberg, N. Capital Goods, Technology, and Economic Growtth[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1963,15:217-227
[112]Rotemberg, Julio J.; Saloner, Garth. Competition and Human Capital Accumulation:A Theory of Interregional Specialization and Trade[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics,2000(30),4:373-404
[113]Sanders, Mark. Scientific Paradigms, Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Cycles in Economic Growth[J].Small Business Economics, 2007,28(4):339-354
[114]Schmitz, James. Imitation, Entrepreneurship, and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1989,97(3):721-739
[115]Schumpeter, J.A. Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. English translation published in 1934 as The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge. MA:Harvard University Press,1934
[116]Sen, Partha; Turnovsky, Stephe. Deterioration of the Terms of Trade and Capital Accumulation:A Re-examination of the Laursen-Metzler Effect" Journal of International Economics,1989,26:227-250
[117]Serven. Luis. Capital Goods Imports, the Real Exchange Rate and the Current Account [J]. Journal of International Economics,1995,39,79-101
[118]Smith, A., Capital Theory and Trade Theory[C], In Handbook of International EconomicsVol.1, edited by Ronald.Jones and Peter Kenen, NewYork:Elsevier,1984,
[119]Solow, Robert. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1956,70:65-94
[120]Song,Young. Import Substitution and Capital Accumulation[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,1993,26:670-687
[121]Srinivasan,T,N. A Two-Country, Three Commodity. Dynamic Model of International Trade[J]. Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers,1969,No.164
[122]Starr,J I MacMillan. Resource Cooptation Via Social Contracting:Resource Acquisition Strategies for New Ventures[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1990.11:79-92
[123]Stephen J. Redding. Dynamic Comparative Advantage and the Welfare eEffects o f Trade, Oxford Economic Papers,1999(51),1:15-39.
[124]Stevenson H., J.Cjarillo. A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship:Entrepreneurial Management[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1990(11):17-27
[125]Stiglitz, Joseph. Factor Price Equalization in a Dynamic Economy [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1970,78:456-488
[126]Stokey, N.L. Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106:587-616
[127]Svensson,L and Assaf Razin. The Terms of Trade and the Current Account:The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1983,91:97-125
[128]TeeceD J, Pisano G. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J]. Strategic Managem ent Journa,1997(18):509-533
[129]Timmons J A. Characteristics and Role Demands of Entrepreneurship[J]. American Journal o f Small Business,1978,3:5-17
[130]Tombazos, Christis G.; Yang, Xiaokai; Zhang, Dingsheng. A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade with Endogenous Production Patterns[J]. Economic Record,2005,81:571-581
[131]Tsui,Kai-yuen. Economic reform and interprovincial inequalities in China[J]. Journal of Development Economics,1996,50,353-368
[132]Vanek, Jaroslav. Economic Growth and International Trade Pure Theory[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1971,85:377-390
[133]Warner, Andrew. Mexico's investment collapse:debt or oil? [J]. Journal of International Money and Finance,1994,13(2):239-256
[134]White, Willam. The Employment-insulating Advantages of Flexible Exchanges:A Comment on Professors Laursen and Metzler[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1954,36:225-28.
[135]Xu Bin and JianMao,Wang. Capital Goods Imports and Long-Run Growth[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,1999,32:1258-1274
[136]Xu, Bin; Chiang, Eric P. Trade, Patents and International Technology Diffusion[J]. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 2005,14:115-135
[137]Yang Dennis.Urban-Biased Policies and Rising Income Inequality in China[J].American Economic Review,1989,2:306-310
[138]Young, Alwyn. Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991(106),2:369-405
[139]边燕杰、丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学[J],2000(2)：87-99
[140]蔡翼飞、张车伟.地区差距的新视角：人口与产业分布不匹配研究[J].中 国工业经济,2012(5)：31-43
[141]陈丰龙、徐康宁.中国出口贸易垂直专业化的地区差异及其影响因素[J].世界经济研究,2012(6)：52-57
[142]陈宗胜、周云波.再论改革与发展中的收入分配.北京：中国经济出版社,2002
[143]邓宏图.转轨期中国制度变迁的演进论解释——以民营经济的演化过程为例[J].中国社会科学,2004(5)：130-140
[144]段平忠、刘传江.人口流动对经济增长地区差距的影响[J].中国软科学,,2005(12)：99-110
[145]范红忠、李国平.资本与人口流动及其外部性与地区经济差异[J].世界经济,2003(10)：50-61
[146]范剑勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002(7)：37-44
[147]范剑勇.产业结构失衡、空间集聚与中国地区差距变化[J].上海经济研究,2008(2)：3-13
[148]范剑勇.市场一体化、地区专业化与产业集聚趋势——兼谈对地区差距的影响[J].中国社会科学,2004(6)：39-51
[149]方军雄.市场分割与资源配置效率的损害——来自企业并购的证据[J].财经研究,2009(9)：36-47
[150]付强、乔岳.政府竞争如何促进了中国经济快速增长：市场分割与经济增长关系再探讨[J].世界经济,2011(7)：46-63
[151]傅晓霞、吴利学.技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析[J].经济研究,2003(10)：52-61
[152]龚刚、林毅夫.过度反应：中国经济“缩长”之解释.经济研究[J].2007(4)：53-66
[153]哈耶克.自由秩序原理.上海：三联书店,1997年
[154]贺小刚、李新春.企业家能力与企业成长：基于中国经验的实证研究.经济研究[J],2005(10)：101-111
[155]胡琨、张维我国地区财政投资效应差异与地区经济差异[J].科学学与科 学技术管理,2006(12)：116-122
[156]江新昶.转移支付、地区发展差距与经济增长——基于面板数据的实证检验[J],财贸经济,2007(6)：50-56
[157]李飞跃、葛玉好、黄玖立.技术技能结构、人力资本构成与中国地区经济差距[J].中国人口科学,2012(4)：35-46
[158]李飞跃、林毅夫.发展战略、自生能力与发展中国家经济制度扭曲.南开经济研究[J],2011(5)：3-19
[159]李宏彬、李杏、姚先国、张海峰、张俊森.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响.经济研究[J],2009(10)：99-108
[160]李坤望、宋立刚.中国的贸易扩张及其对亚太地区贸易增长的贡献.经济学季刊[J],2006(1)：591-608
[161]李实、魏众、丁赛.中国居民财产分布不均等及其原因的经验分析[J].经济研究,2005(6)：4-15
[162]李小平、朱钟棣.国际贸易、R&D溢出和生产率增长.经济研究[J],2006(5):31-43
[163]李亚玲、汪戎.人力资本分布结构与区域经济差距——项基于中国各地区人力资本基尼系数的实证研究[J].管理世界,2006(12)：42-49
[164]李永友、裴育.我国地区间税负差异与地区间经济差异[J].中国软科学,,2005(8)：104-112
[165]梁俊伟.劳动力比较优势、贸易利益与经济增长——基于中国的数据.经济科学[.J],2006(4)：18-28
[166]梁琦、李晓萍、吕大国.市场一体化、企业异质性与地区补贴——一个解释中国地区差距的新视角[J].中国工业经济,2012(2)：16-25
[167]林毅夫、蔡防、李周.比较优势与发展战略——对“东亚奇迹”的再解释.中国社会科学[J],1999(5)：4-20
[168]林毅夫、刘培林.中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距[J].经济研究,2003(3)：19-25
[169]林毅夫、任若恩.东亚经济增长模式相关争论的再探讨.经济研究[J].2007(8)：4-12
[170]林毅夫、苏剑.论我国经济增长方式的转换.管理世界[J].2007(11)：5-13
[171]林毅夫、张鹏飞.后发优势、技术引进和落后国家的经济增长.经济学季刊[J].2005(4)：53-74
[172]林毅夫、张鹏飞.适宜技术、技术选择和发展中国家的经济增长.经济学季刊[J].2006(3)：985-2006
[173]林毅夫.发展战略、自生能力和经济收敛.经济学季刊[J].2002a(1)：269-300
[174]林毅夫.国家发展战略的选择方式和绩效检验.江海学刊[J],2002c(4)：64-67
[175]林毅夫.新结构经济学——重构发展经济学的框架,经济学季刊[J].2011(1)：1-32
[176]林毅夫.自生能力、经济转型与新古典经济学的反思.经济研究[J].2002b(12),：12-24
[177]刘培林.地方保护和市场分割的损失[J].中国工业经济,2005(4)：69-76
[178]刘瑞明.晋升激励、产业同构与地方保护：一个基于政治控制权收益的解释[J].南方经济,2007(6)：61-72
[179]刘渝琳、陈天伍.国内R&D、对外开放技术外溢与地区全要素生产率差距[J].科技管理研究,2011(2)：27-31
[180]刘志彪.中国贸易量增长与本土产业的升级——基于全球价值链的治理视角.学术月刊[J],2007(2)：80-86
[181]潘士远、史晋川.内生经济增长理论：一个文献综述[J].经济学(季刊),2002(3)
[182]沈坤荣、李剑.中国贸易发展与经济增长影响机制的经验研究.经济研究[J].2003(5)：32-40
[183]石风光、李宗植.要素投入、全要素生产率与地区经济差距——基于中国省区数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(12)：19-31
[184]孙辉煌.国际贸易、外部技术机会与国内R&D投入——基于中国制造业数据的实证研究[J],2009(3)：53-59
[185]万广华、陆铭、陈钊.全球化与地区间收入差距：来自中国的证据[J].中 国社会科学,2005(3)：17-26
[186]万广华.经济发展与收入不平等：方法和证据[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2006
[187]王春超、余静文、胡继亮.中国的地区经济发展差距(1987-2007)：政府理念诱发制度变迁的视角[J].当代经济科学,2009(6)
[188]王恕立；刘军贸易条件变动、技术进步与产业结构效益——基于跨国面板数据的分析.上海经济研究[J],2012(5)：13,23
[189]王艳和杨忠直.产业结构与策略性贸易政策研究.数量经济技术经济研究[J],2005(1)：50-57
[190]魏后凯.中国地区间居民收入差异及其分解[J].经济研究1996(11)：66-73
[191]魏江、沈璞、樊培仁.基于企业家网络的企业家学习过程模式剖析.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)[J].2005(2)：148,155
[192]吴建新.技术、效率、资本积累与中国地区发展差异[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(11)：28,38
[193]吴建新.中国工业劳动生产率分解及其对地区收入差距的影响研究[J].当代财经2010(11)
[194]项卫星、李珺、范海君.中国对外贸易与地区间收入差距变化[J].社会科学战线,2010(11)：58-62
[195]谢里、谌莹、邝湘敏.产业集聚拉大了地区收入差距吗?——来自中国制造业的经验证据[J].经济地理,2012(2)：20-26
[196]谢申祥、王孝松.贸易开放、FDI与中国地区间收入差距——基于省际面板数据的经验分析[J].经济管理,2011(4)：1-9
[197]徐朝阳、林毅夫.展战略与经济增长.中国社会科学[J],2010(3)：94,108
[198]徐奇渊、李婧、刘力臻.人民币汇率与地区差距——人民币国际化的视角[J].统计研究,2007(8)：48,52
[199]许召元、李善同.区域间劳动力迁移对经济增长和地区差距的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(2)：38-52
[200]颜银根.贸易自由化、产业规模与地区工资差距[J].世界经济研 究,2012(8)：28-36
[201]姚枝仲、周素芳.劳动力流动与地区差距[J].世界经济,2003(4)：35-44
[202]尹敬东.外贸对经济增长的贡献：中国经济增长奇迹的需求解析.数量经济技术经济研究[J],2007(1)：81-90
[203]余东华、王青.地方保护、区域市场分割与产业技术创新能力——基于2000-2005年中国制造业数据的实证分析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2009(3)73-78
[204]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京京商务印书馆,1990
[205]张杰、张培丽、黄泰岩.市场分割推动了中国企业出口吗?[J].经济研究,2010(8)：29-41
[206]张杰、周晓艳、李勇.要素市场扭曲抑制了中国企业R&D?[J].经济研究,78-91
[207]张立光、郭妍.我国贸易开放度与经济增长关系的实证研究.财经研究[J],2004(3)：113-121
[208]张茉楠、李汉铃.基于资源禀赋的企业家机会识别之框架分析.管理世界[J].2005(7)：158-159
[209]张平.中国农村居民区域间收入不平等与非农就业[J].经济研究,1998(8)：59-66
[210]张维迎、栗树和.地区间竞争与中国国有企业的民营化[J].经济研究,1998(12)：13-22
[211]张小蒂、贾钰哲.中国动态比较优势增进的机理与途径—基于企业家资源拓展的视角.学术月刊[J],2012(5)：77,85
[212]张小蒂、贾钰哲.中国对外直接投资发展与动态比较优势增进研究——基于企业家才能拓展的视角.浙江社会科学[J].2011(5)：23,32
[213]张小蒂、李晓钟.经济全球化与我国比较优势理论的拓展.学术月刊[J].2001(6)：19-26
[214]张小蒂、王永齐.融资成本、企业家形成与内生产业集聚：一般分析框架及基于中国不同区域的比较分析[J].世界经济,2009(9)：15-26
[215]张小蒂、姚瑶.企业家人力资本拓展对比较优势增进的影响研究——基
[216]张小蒂、姚瑶.民营企业家潜能拓展与区域创新绩效增进研究.经济地理[J],2012(2)：106-110
[217]张小蒂、赵榄.“干中学”、企业家人力资本和我国动态比较优势增进.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)[J].2009a(4)：73-81
[218]张小蒂、赵榄.企业家人力资本结构与地区居民富裕程度差异研究.中国工业经济[J],2009(12)：16-25
[219]赵榄.企业家要素增进与动态比较优势提升[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2010
[220]赵文军、于津平.中国贸易顺差成因研究——基于跨时最优消费理论的实证分析.经济研究[J],2008(12)：29-38
[221]朱希伟、金祥荣、罗德明.国内市场分割与中国的出口贸易扩张[J].经济研究,2005(1)：68-76
[222]祝树金、郭莎莎、黄建欢.我国经济开放、地区分割影响技术差距的实证分析[J].财经理论与实践,2010(5)：87-92
[223]庄子银.创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长[J].经济研究,2007(8)：82-94
[224]庄子银.南方模仿、企业家精神和长期增长.经济研究[J],2003(1)：62,70
② Harberger(1950)、 Laursen和Metzler(1950)、 White(1954)、 Day(1954)、 Pearce(1955)、 Johnson(1956)、 Findlay 和Rodriguez(1977)、 Buiter(1978)、 Bruno和Sachs(1979)、 Obstfeld(1982)、 Svensson和Razin (1983)、 Persson和Svensson(1985)、 Bean(1986)、 Mansoorian(1993)、 Backus等(1994)、 Ikeda(2001)、 Cashin和McDermott(2003)、 Huang和Meng(2007)、 Angyridis和Mansoorian(2008)的研究分析的贸易对储蓄的影响：此外,Bardhan(1965)、 Inada(1968)、 Srinivasan(1969)、 Song(1993)、 Das(1999)、 Guillo(1999)、 Baldwin和Seghezza(1996)、 Calzolari和Lambcrtini(2006)的研究具体分析了贸易引致资本积累的各种可能。
③ 沈坤荣和李剑(2003)、张立光等(2004)、盛誉(2004)、、李坤望和宋立刚(2006)、李小平和朱钟棣(2006)、梁俊伟(2006)、尹敬东(2007)、刘志彪(2007)、赵文军和于津平(2008)的研究探讨了贸易对资本积累和中国经济增长的影响。
① 关于中国问题的研究可参见王艳和杨忠直(2005)、孙辉煌(2009)、王恕立和刘军(2012);关于人力资本模型可参见Gerschenkron(1962)、Nelson和Phelps(1966)、Stokey(1991)、Mankiw等(1992)Benhabib和Spiegel (1994)、Rotemberg和Saloner(2000)、Ranjan(2003)、Naito(2004)、Xu和Chiang(2005)的研究。关于干中学模型可参见、Arrow(1962)、Klein(1973)、Rosenberg(1982)、Romer(1990)、Young (1991)、Lucas (1988)、Aghion和Howitt(1992)的研究
① 关于这方面的文献参见Aghion和Howitt(1998).Segerstrom(1998).Dinopoulos和Thompson(1998).Young (1998).Jones(1999).Barro和Sala-IMartin(2004)的研究。
① 林毅夫关于比较优势理论的论述具体可通风林毅夫等(1999)、林毅夫(2002a,2002b,2002c,,2011).林毅夫和张鹏飞(2005.2006)、林毅夫和苏剑(2007)、林毅夫和任若恩(2007)、龚刚和林毅夫(2007)、李飞跃和林毅夫(2011)、徐朝阳和林毅夫(2010)等的研究,这些研究最终归结于新结构主义经济学。
② 张小蒂和李晓钟(2001)的研究同样强调了坚持比较优势对于经济发展的意义,并从资源、外部性和竞争优势三个层次对比较优势的内涵加以拓展。
① 张峥等(2004)研究了A股上市公司的综合资本成本和投资回报的关系；邵挺(2010)利用工业企业数据研究了所有制结构对资本回报率的影响。
[1]Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D.B., Braunerhjelm, P., and Carlsson, B. The Missing Link:The Knowledge Filter and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growth[C].CEPR Discussion paper No.4783, Center for Economic Policy Research, London,2004
[2]Acs, Z., P. Braunerhjelm, D. Audretsch, and B. Carlsson. The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship [J]. Small Business Economics,2009,32: 15-30.
[3]Aghion, Philippe; Howitt, Peter; A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction[J]. Econometrica,1992(60),2:323-351
[4]Angyridis,C and Mansoorian,A. The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect with Marshallian Preferences[J]. Economics Bulletin,2008,6:l-11
[5]Arrow, K. J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1962,29:155-173
[6]Arvanitis, A Mikkola, A. Asset-Market Structure and International Trade Dynamics[J].American Economic Review.1996(86),2:67-70
[7]Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10:65-73.
[8]Audretsch D. B. and Fritsch M. Link Entrepreneurship to Growth:A Case of West Germany[J]. Industry and Innovation,2003,10:65-73.
[9]Audretsch, D. B. and Keilbach, M. Resolving the Knowledge Paradox: Knowledge-Spillover Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth [J]. Research Policy,2008,37:1697-1705.
[10]Backus,D.K.,P. Kehoe,and F.E.Kydland. Dynamics of the Trade Balance and the Terms of Trade:the J-Curve? [J]. American Economic Review,1994,84: 84-103
[11]Baldwin, R.E. Economic Development and Export Growth:A Study of Northern Rhodesia 1920-1960[M]. Los Angeles:University of California Press,1966
[12]Baldwin,R Seghezza.E. Trade-Induced Investment-Led Growth[M]. NBER Working Paper,1996.No.5582
[13]Bardhan, P. K. Optimum Accumulation and International Trade. Review of Economic Studies,1965,32,241-44
[14]Baron R A. Opportunity Recognition as Pattern Recognition[J]. Acacemy of Management Perspectives,2006(20),1:104-119
[15]Barro R and Sala-i-Martin X,Economic Growth. New York,:McGraw-Hill Press,1995
[16]Baumol, W. Entrepreneurship and Economic theory[J]. American Economic Review [J].1968,58:64-71.
[17]Baumol, William. Entrepreneurship:Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990(98),5:893-921
[18]Baxter, Marianne. International Trade and Business Cycles[J]. NBER Working Papers,1995,No.5025
[19]Bean,Charles. The Terms of Trade.Labour Supply and The Current Account[J]. The Economic Journal,1986,96,38-46
[20]Benhabib, Jess; Spiegel, Mark. The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development:Evidence from Aggregate Cross-Country Data [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1994 (34)2:143-73
[21]Benvignati. Anita. Interfirm Adoption of Capital-Goods Innovations [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1982(64),2:330-335
[22]Bergstrand, Jeffery. the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model, The Linder Hypothesis and the Determinants of bilateral Intra-Industry Trade[J]. The Economic Journal,1990,100.1216-1229
[23]Berkowitz, Daniel and DeJong, David N. Policy reform and growth in post-Soviet Russia [J]. European Economic Review,2003,47(2),337-352
[24]Beugelsdijk S. and Noorderhaven N. Entrepreneurial Attitude and Economic Growth:a Cross Section of 54 Regions [J].Annals of Regional Science,2004, 38(2):199-218.
[25]Boileau, Martin. Trade in Capital Voods and the Volatility of Net Exports and the Terms of Trade", Journal of International Economics,1999,48(2):347-365
[26]Boileau, M. Trade in Capital Goods and Investment-Specific Technical Change [J]. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control,2002,26,963-984
[27]Braunerhjelm, P. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic growth[C]. working Papers Series from Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum.2010
[28]Broadbent E. Perception and Comnication[M]. London:Pergamon Press,1958
[29]Bruno, Michael, and Sachs, Jeffrey D. Macroeconomic Adjustment with Input Price Shocks:Real and Monetary Aspects [J]. University of Stockholm Seminar Paper,1979, No.118
[30]Buiter, Willem H. Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of External Disturbances under a Floating Exchange Rate [J]. Economica,1978,45:251-272
[31]Calzolari,G and Lambertini, L. Export Restraints in a Model of Trade with Capital Accumulation[J]. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2007, 31:3822-3842
[32]Cashin, Paul and John MacDermoot. Intertemporal Substitution and Terms-of-Trade Shocks [J]. Review of International Economics,2003,11: 604-618
[33]Cass, David. Optimum Growth in an Aggregative Model of Capital Accumulation:a Turnpike Theorem [J]. Econometrica,1966.,34:833-850
[34]Cavallo, Michele; Landry, Anthony. The Quantitative Role of Capital-Goods Imports in U.S. Growth. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper [J].2010, No.47
[35]Chen C C, Greene P G,; Crick A. Does Entrepreneurial selfefficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,1998,13: 295-316
[36]Chen,HungJu and Chen MinHsu. Current Account, Capital Formation and Terms of Trade Shocks:a Revisit of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Journal of Economics,2006,88:179-201
[37]Current Account. Capital Formation and Terms of Trade Shocks:A Revisit of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect [J]. Journal of Economics,2006,88(2): 179-201
[38]Das.Satya. North-South Trade. Capital Accumulation and Personal Distribution of Wealth and Income[J]. Econometric Society World Congress Contributed Papers,2000,No.0040
[39]Day, Alan. Relative Prices, Expenditure and the Trade Balance:A Note[J]. Economica,1954,21:64-69.
[40]De Long, J. B and Summers, Lawrence. Equipment Investment and Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics.1991,106:445-502
[41]Deardoff, A and R. Stern, The Michigan Model of World Production and Trade: Theory and Applications[M]. Cambridge:MlT Press,1986,
[42]Deardorff, Alan. The Gains from Trade in and out of Steady-state Growth[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1973(25),2:173-191
[43]Demurger S,Sachs J D,Woo Wing Thye,Shuming BaoGene Chang,Andrew Mellinger. Geography.Economic Policy and Regional Development in China[R]. CID Working Paper,2001,No.,77,
[44]Dornbusch, Rudiger; Fischer. Stanley; Samuelson, Paul. Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory with a Continuum of Goods[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1980(95),2:203-224
[45]Duncan,R and Tian Xiao Wen. China's Interprovincial Disparities:An Explanation[J]. Communist and Postcommunist Studies,1999,32:211-224
[46]Eaton, Jonathan and Samuel Kortum.. Trade in Capital Goods[J]. Europen Economic Review,2001,45:1195-1235.
[47]Erken, H., Donselaar, P., and T hurik, A. R. Total Factor Productivity and The Role of Entrepreneurship[C]. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper,2009, 09-034/4
[48]Erken, H., Donselaar, P., and T hurik, A. R. Total Factor Productivity and The Role of Entrepreneurship[J] Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper,09-034/4, Rotterdam.2009
[49]Fan, C. Simon; Hu, Yifan. Imports of Capital Goods and Enterprise Performance:A Firm-Level Analysis in China[J]. Applied Economics Letters, 2008,15:391-394
[50]Findlay, Ronald E., and Rodriguez, Carlos Alfredo. Intermediate Imports and Macroeconomic Policy under Flexible Exchange Rates [J]. Canadian Journal of Economy,1977,10:208-217.
[51]Galor,O and Lin,S. Terms of Trade and Current Account Dynamics:A Methodological Critique[J]. International Economic Review,1994,35:1001-1014
[52]Gerschenkron.A. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perpective[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1962
[53]Glaeser E. Entrepreneurship and The City[J]. NBER Working Paper No. 13551,2012
[54]Goh, A., Olivier. Learning by Doing, Trade in Capital Goods and Growth[J]. Journal of International Economics,2002.56:411-444
[55]Grossman, G, Helpman, E. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy[M]. Cambridge:MIT Press,1991a.
[56]Grossman, G, Helpman, E. Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth[J]. Review of Economic Studies,199 1b,58:43-61.
[57]Grossman,G and Helpman,E. Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth[J]. NBER Working Paper,1989,W2809
[58]Guillo,M,D. On Terms of Trade and Capital Accumulation[J]. Review of International Economics,1999,7:228-244
[59]Harberger, A. C. Currency Depreciation, Income and the Balance of Trade[J]. Journal of Political Economy.1950,58:47-60.
[60]Harris, R. and D. Cox. Trade, Industrial Policy and Canadian Manufacturing, Toronto:Ontario Economic Council,1984
[61]Herrerias, M. J.; Orts, Vicente. Equipment Investment, Output and Productivity in China[J]. Empirical Economics.2012(42):181-207
[62]Huang.Kevin and Qinglai Meng, "The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect under Capital Market Imperfections",2007,26,1001-1015
[63]Hull, David L.; Bosley, John J.; Udell, Gerald G; Renewing the Hunt for the Heffalump:Identifying Potential Entrepreneurs by Personality Characteristics.Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms[J].1995,1:268-75
[64]Hussain,A, Peter Lanjouw and Nicholas Stern. Income Inequalities in China:Evidence from Househould Survey Data[J]. World Development, 1994,22:1947-1957
[65]Ikeda,Shinsuke. Weakly Non-Separable Preferences and the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Canandian Journal of Economics,2001,34:290-307
[66]Inada, Ken-Ichi. Free Trade,Capital Accumulation and Factor Price Equalization[J]. Economic Record,1968.44:322-340
[67]Johnson,G. The Transfer Problem and Exchange Stability [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1956,64"212-25
[68]Jones, Charles. R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1995b 103:75984
[69]Kanbur.R and Zhang Xiaobo. Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China:A Journey Through Central Planning Reform and Openness[J]. Review of Development Economics,2005,9:87-106
[70]Kanbur,R and Zhang Xiaobo. Which Regional Inequality? The Evolution of Rural Urban and Inland-Coastal Inequality in China from 1983-1995[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,1999,27:686-701
[71]Kaneko, Akihiko. Terms of Trade, Economic Growth, and Trade Patterns:a Small Open-Economy Case", Journal of International Economics,2000,52(1), 169-181
[72]Kirzner I M. Competition and Entrepreneurship[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1973
[73]Kirzner,IM. Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach [J]. Journal of Economic Literature,1997(35):1:60-85
[74]Klein, Roger W. A Dynamic Theory of Comparative Advantage[J]. American Economic Review,1973(63),1:173-184
[75]Knight,F. Risk,Uncertainty and Profit[M]. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Co.,1921
[76]Koopmans,Tjalling. Objectives,Constraints,and Outcomes in Optimal Growth Models[J]. Econometrica,1967,35:1-15
[77]Krugman, P. A model of innovation, Technology transfer, and the world distribution of income[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1979,87:253-266
[78]Krugman, P.. The Narrowing Moving Band, the Dutch Disease and the Economic Consequences of Mrs.Thatcher[J]. Journal of Development Economics,1987,27:41-55
[79]Krugman,p,Rethingking International Trade[M]. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1990
[80]Krugman,Paul. Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade[J]. American Economic Review,1980,70:950-59
[81]Krugman,Paul. Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade[J]. Journal of International Economics,1979,9,469-479
[82]Krugman,Paul. Industrial Organization and International Trade[J]. NBER Working Papers,1986, No,1957
[83]Laursen,S.,and L.A Metzler. Flexible Exchange Rates and tbe Theory of Employment[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1950,32:281-299.
[84]Lazear E. Balanced Skills and Entrepreneurship [J]. American Economic Review,2004,94 (2):208-211.
[85]Lee, Jong-Wha. Capital Goods Imports and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Development Economics,1995,48(1):91-110
[86]Lee, Jong-Wha. International Trade, Distortions and Long-Run Economic Growth[J]. IMF Staff Papers,1993,40:299-328
[87]Lee,J. Changes in the Source of China's Regional inequality[J]. China Economics Revies,200,11:232-245
[88]Lucas, Robert. On the Mechanics of Economic Development [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1988(22),1:3-42
[89]Luthje, Teit. Vertical Specialization Between Developed and Developing Countries:A Modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model[J]. International Trade Journal,2006,20:407-427
[90]Lyons, P. Interprovincial Disparities in China output and consumption. 1952-1987[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change,1991,4:471-505
[91]Mankiw,G, Romer,D and David,Weil. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1992,107:407-438
[92]Mansoorian, Arman. Habit Persistence and the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect in an Infinite Horizon Model[J]. Journal of International Economics, 1993,34:153-166
[93]Marshall A. Principles of Econom ics [M],1890.8th ed.London:Macmillan, 1961
[94]Matsuyama,K. Terms of Trade,Factor Intersities, and the Current Account in a Life-Cycle Model[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1988,55:299-313
[95]Matsuyama,K. Terms of Trade, Factor Intensities and the Current Account in a Life-Cycle Model[J],The Review of Economic Studies,1988,55:247-262
[96]Mazumdar, J. Do Static Gains from Trade Lead to Medium-Run Growth? [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1996(104),6:1328-1337
[97]McMillan, J. and C. Woodruff,. The Central Role of Entrepreneurs in Transition Economies [J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2002,16(3): 153-170.
[98]Minniti, M., and M. Levesque. Entrepreneurial Types and Economic Growth [J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2010,25:305-314.
[99]Mueller, P. Exploring the Knowledge Filter:How Entrepreneurship and University-Industry Relationships Drive Economic Growth [J]. Research Policy.2006,35:1499-1508.
[100]Mueller, P. Exploring the Knowledge Filter:How Entrepreneurship and University-Industry Relationships Drive Economic Growth[J]. Research Policy,2006,35:1499-1508.
[101]Mussa, Michael. Dynamic Adjustment in the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model[J].. Journal of Political Economy,1978(86)5:775-791
[102]Naito, Hisahiro. Endogenous Human Capital Accumulation, Comparative Advantage and Direct vs. Indirect Redistribution[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2004(88),12:2685-2710
[103]Nelson, R. R.:Phelps, E. S. Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth[J]. American Economic Review,1966(56):69-75
[104]Obstfeld,M. Aggregate Spending and the Terms of Trade:Is There a Laursen-Metzler Effect? [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1982, 97:251-70
[105]Oniki,H and Uzawa,H. Patterns of Tradeand Investment in a Dynamic Model of International Trade[J]. Review of Economic Studies,1965,32:15-38
[106]Pearce, I. F. A "Note on Mr. Spraos'Paper[J]. Economica,1955,22:147-151
[107]Persson,T and Lars Svensson. Current Account Dunamics and Terms of Trade:Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Two Generations Later[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1985,93:43-65
[108]Romer, P. Endogenous Technological Change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990,98:571-602.
[109]Romer, Paul M. Human Capital and Growth:Theory and Evidence[J]. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy,1990,32:251-86
[110]Romer,P. Increasing Return and Long-Run Growth[J]. Journal of Political Econom,1986,94:1002-1037
[111]Rosenberg, N. Capital Goods, Technology, and Economic Growtth[J]. Oxford Economic Papers,1963,15:217-227
[112]Rotemberg, Julio J.; Saloner, Garth. Competition and Human Capital Accumulation:A Theory of Interregional Specialization and Trade[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics,2000(30),4:373-404
[113]Sanders, Mark. Scientific Paradigms, Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Cycles in Economic Growth[J].Small Business Economics, 2007,28(4):339-354
[114]Schmitz, James. Imitation, Entrepreneurship, and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1989,97(3):721-739
[115]Schumpeter, J.A. Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. English translation published in 1934 as The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge. MA:Harvard University Press,1934
[116]Sen, Partha; Turnovsky, Stephe. Deterioration of the Terms of Trade and Capital Accumulation:A Re-examination of the Laursen-Metzler Effect" Journal of International Economics,1989,26:227-250
[117]Serven. Luis. Capital Goods Imports, the Real Exchange Rate and the Current Account [J]. Journal of International Economics,1995,39,79-101
[118]Smith, A., Capital Theory and Trade Theory[C], In Handbook of International EconomicsVol.1, edited by Ronald.Jones and Peter Kenen, NewYork:Elsevier,1984,
[119]Solow, Robert. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1956,70:65-94
[120]Song,Young. Import Substitution and Capital Accumulation[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,1993,26:670-687
[121]Srinivasan,T,N. A Two-Country, Three Commodity. Dynamic Model of International Trade[J]. Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers,1969,No.164
[122]Starr,J I MacMillan. Resource Cooptation Via Social Contracting:Resource Acquisition Strategies for New Ventures[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1990.11:79-92
[123]Stephen J. Redding. Dynamic Comparative Advantage and the Welfare eEffects o f Trade, Oxford Economic Papers,1999(51),1:15-39.
[124]Stevenson H., J.Cjarillo. A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship:Entrepreneurial Management[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1990(11):17-27
[125]Stiglitz, Joseph. Factor Price Equalization in a Dynamic Economy [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1970,78:456-488
[126]Stokey, N.L. Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106:587-616
[127]Svensson,L and Assaf Razin. The Terms of Trade and the Current Account:The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1983,91:97-125
[128]TeeceD J, Pisano G. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J]. Strategic Managem ent Journa,1997(18):509-533
[129]Timmons J A. Characteristics and Role Demands of Entrepreneurship[J]. American Journal o f Small Business,1978,3:5-17
[130]Tombazos, Christis G.; Yang, Xiaokai; Zhang, Dingsheng. A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade with Endogenous Production Patterns[J]. Economic Record,2005,81:571-581
[131]Tsui,Kai-yuen. Economic reform and interprovincial inequalities in China[J]. Journal of Development Economics,1996,50,353-368
[132]Vanek, Jaroslav. Economic Growth and International Trade Pure Theory[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1971,85:377-390
[133]Warner, Andrew. Mexico's investment collapse:debt or oil? [J]. Journal of International Money and Finance,1994,13(2):239-256
[134]White, Willam. The Employment-insulating Advantages of Flexible Exchanges:A Comment on Professors Laursen and Metzler[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1954,36:225-28.
[135]Xu Bin and JianMao,Wang. Capital Goods Imports and Long-Run Growth[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics,1999,32:1258-1274
[136]Xu, Bin; Chiang, Eric P. Trade, Patents and International Technology Diffusion[J]. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 2005,14:115-135
[137]Yang Dennis.Urban-Biased Policies and Rising Income Inequality in China[J].American Economic Review,1989,2:306-310
[138]Young, Alwyn. Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991(106),2:369-405
[139]边燕杰、丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学[J],2000(2)：87-99
[140]蔡翼飞、张车伟.地区差距的新视角：人口与产业分布不匹配研究[J].中 国工业经济,2012(5)：31-43
[141]陈丰龙、徐康宁.中国出口贸易垂直专业化的地区差异及其影响因素[J].世界经济研究,2012(6)：52-57
[142]陈宗胜、周云波.再论改革与发展中的收入分配.北京：中国经济出版社,2002
[143]邓宏图.转轨期中国制度变迁的演进论解释——以民营经济的演化过程为例[J].中国社会科学,2004(5)：130-140
[144]段平忠、刘传江.人口流动对经济增长地区差距的影响[J].中国软科学,,2005(12)：99-110
[145]范红忠、李国平.资本与人口流动及其外部性与地区经济差异[J].世界经济,2003(10)：50-61
[146]范剑勇、朱国林.中国地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].管理世界,2002(7)：37-44
[147]范剑勇.产业结构失衡、空间集聚与中国地区差距变化[J].上海经济研究,2008(2)：3-13
[148]范剑勇.市场一体化、地区专业化与产业集聚趋势——兼谈对地区差距的影响[J].中国社会科学,2004(6)：39-51
[149]方军雄.市场分割与资源配置效率的损害——来自企业并购的证据[J].财经研究,2009(9)：36-47
[150]付强、乔岳.政府竞争如何促进了中国经济快速增长：市场分割与经济增长关系再探讨[J].世界经济,2011(7)：46-63
[151]傅晓霞、吴利学.技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析[J].经济研究,2003(10)：52-61
[152]龚刚、林毅夫.过度反应：中国经济“缩长”之解释.经济研究[J].2007(4)：53-66
[153]哈耶克.自由秩序原理.上海：三联书店,1997年
[154]贺小刚、李新春.企业家能力与企业成长：基于中国经验的实证研究.经济研究[J],2005(10)：101-111
[155]胡琨、张维我国地区财政投资效应差异与地区经济差异[J].科学学与科 学技术管理,2006(12)：116-122
[156]江新昶.转移支付、地区发展差距与经济增长——基于面板数据的实证检验[J],财贸经济,2007(6)：50-56
[157]李飞跃、葛玉好、黄玖立.技术技能结构、人力资本构成与中国地区经济差距[J].中国人口科学,2012(4)：35-46
[158]李飞跃、林毅夫.发展战略、自生能力与发展中国家经济制度扭曲.南开经济研究[J],2011(5)：3-19
[159]李宏彬、李杏、姚先国、张海峰、张俊森.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响.经济研究[J],2009(10)：99-108
[160]李坤望、宋立刚.中国的贸易扩张及其对亚太地区贸易增长的贡献.经济学季刊[J],2006(1)：591-608
[161]李实、魏众、丁赛.中国居民财产分布不均等及其原因的经验分析[J].经济研究,2005(6)：4-15
[162]李小平、朱钟棣.国际贸易、R&D溢出和生产率增长.经济研究[J],2006(5):31-43
[163]李亚玲、汪戎.人力资本分布结构与区域经济差距——项基于中国各地区人力资本基尼系数的实证研究[J].管理世界,2006(12)：42-49
[164]李永友、裴育.我国地区间税负差异与地区间经济差异[J].中国软科学,,2005(8)：104-112
[165]梁俊伟.劳动力比较优势、贸易利益与经济增长——基于中国的数据.经济科学[.J],2006(4)：18-28
[166]梁琦、李晓萍、吕大国.市场一体化、企业异质性与地区补贴——一个解释中国地区差距的新视角[J].中国工业经济,2012(2)：16-25
[167]林毅夫、蔡防、李周.比较优势与发展战略——对“东亚奇迹”的再解释.中国社会科学[J],1999(5)：4-20
[168]林毅夫、刘培林.中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距[J].经济研究,2003(3)：19-25
[169]林毅夫、任若恩.东亚经济增长模式相关争论的再探讨.经济研究[J].2007(8)：4-12
[170]林毅夫、苏剑.论我国经济增长方式的转换.管理世界[J].2007(11)：5-13
[171]林毅夫、张鹏飞.后发优势、技术引进和落后国家的经济增长.经济学季刊[J].2005(4)：53-74
[172]林毅夫、张鹏飞.适宜技术、技术选择和发展中国家的经济增长.经济学季刊[J].2006(3)：985-2006
[173]林毅夫.发展战略、自生能力和经济收敛.经济学季刊[J].2002a(1)：269-300
[174]林毅夫.国家发展战略的选择方式和绩效检验.江海学刊[J],2002c(4)：64-67
[175]林毅夫.新结构经济学——重构发展经济学的框架,经济学季刊[J].2011(1)：1-32
[176]林毅夫.自生能力、经济转型与新古典经济学的反思.经济研究[J].2002b(12),：12-24
[177]刘培林.地方保护和市场分割的损失[J].中国工业经济,2005(4)：69-76
[178]刘瑞明.晋升激励、产业同构与地方保护：一个基于政治控制权收益的解释[J].南方经济,2007(6)：61-72
[179]刘渝琳、陈天伍.国内R&D、对外开放技术外溢与地区全要素生产率差距[J].科技管理研究,2011(2)：27-31
[180]刘志彪.中国贸易量增长与本土产业的升级——基于全球价值链的治理视角.学术月刊[J],2007(2)：80-86
[181]潘士远、史晋川.内生经济增长理论：一个文献综述[J].经济学(季刊),2002(3)
[182]沈坤荣、李剑.中国贸易发展与经济增长影响机制的经验研究.经济研究[J].2003(5)：32-40
[183]石风光、李宗植.要素投入、全要素生产率与地区经济差距——基于中国省区数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(12)：19-31
[184]孙辉煌.国际贸易、外部技术机会与国内R&D投入——基于中国制造业数据的实证研究[J],2009(3)：53-59
[185]万广华、陆铭、陈钊.全球化与地区间收入差距：来自中国的证据[J].中 国社会科学,2005(3)：17-26
[186]万广华.经济发展与收入不平等：方法和证据[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2006
[187]王春超、余静文、胡继亮.中国的地区经济发展差距(1987-2007)：政府理念诱发制度变迁的视角[J].当代经济科学,2009(6)
[188]王恕立；刘军贸易条件变动、技术进步与产业结构效益——基于跨国面板数据的分析.上海经济研究[J],2012(5)：13,23
[189]王艳和杨忠直.产业结构与策略性贸易政策研究.数量经济技术经济研究[J],2005(1)：50-57
[190]魏后凯.中国地区间居民收入差异及其分解[J].经济研究1996(11)：66-73
[191]魏江、沈璞、樊培仁.基于企业家网络的企业家学习过程模式剖析.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)[J].2005(2)：148,155
[192]吴建新.技术、效率、资本积累与中国地区发展差异[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2009(11)：28,38
[193]吴建新.中国工业劳动生产率分解及其对地区收入差距的影响研究[J].当代财经2010(11)
[194]项卫星、李珺、范海君.中国对外贸易与地区间收入差距变化[J].社会科学战线,2010(11)：58-62
[195]谢里、谌莹、邝湘敏.产业集聚拉大了地区收入差距吗?——来自中国制造业的经验证据[J].经济地理,2012(2)：20-26
[196]谢申祥、王孝松.贸易开放、FDI与中国地区间收入差距——基于省际面板数据的经验分析[J].经济管理,2011(4)：1-9
[197]徐朝阳、林毅夫.展战略与经济增长.中国社会科学[J],2010(3)：94,108
[198]徐奇渊、李婧、刘力臻.人民币汇率与地区差距——人民币国际化的视角[J].统计研究,2007(8)：48,52
[199]许召元、李善同.区域间劳动力迁移对经济增长和地区差距的影响[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(2)：38-52
[200]颜银根.贸易自由化、产业规模与地区工资差距[J].世界经济研 究,2012(8)：28-36
[201]姚枝仲、周素芳.劳动力流动与地区差距[J].世界经济,2003(4)：35-44
[202]尹敬东.外贸对经济增长的贡献：中国经济增长奇迹的需求解析.数量经济技术经济研究[J],2007(1)：81-90
[203]余东华、王青.地方保护、区域市场分割与产业技术创新能力——基于2000-2005年中国制造业数据的实证分析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2009(3)73-78
[204]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京京商务印书馆,1990
[205]张杰、张培丽、黄泰岩.市场分割推动了中国企业出口吗?[J].经济研究,2010(8)：29-41
[206]张杰、周晓艳、李勇.要素市场扭曲抑制了中国企业R&D?[J].经济研究,78-91
[207]张立光、郭妍.我国贸易开放度与经济增长关系的实证研究.财经研究[J],2004(3)：113-121
[208]张茉楠、李汉铃.基于资源禀赋的企业家机会识别之框架分析.管理世界[J].2005(7)：158-159
[209]张平.中国农村居民区域间收入不平等与非农就业[J].经济研究,1998(8)：59-66
[210]张维迎、栗树和.地区间竞争与中国国有企业的民营化[J].经济研究,1998(12)：13-22
[211]张小蒂、贾钰哲.中国动态比较优势增进的机理与途径—基于企业家资源拓展的视角.学术月刊[J],2012(5)：77,85
[212]张小蒂、贾钰哲.中国对外直接投资发展与动态比较优势增进研究——基于企业家才能拓展的视角.浙江社会科学[J].2011(5)：23,32
[213]张小蒂、李晓钟.经济全球化与我国比较优势理论的拓展.学术月刊[J].2001(6)：19-26
[214]张小蒂、王永齐.融资成本、企业家形成与内生产业集聚：一般分析框架及基于中国不同区域的比较分析[J].世界经济,2009(9)：15-26
[215]张小蒂、姚瑶.企业家人力资本拓展对比较优势增进的影响研究——基
[216]张小蒂、姚瑶.民营企业家潜能拓展与区域创新绩效增进研究.经济地理[J],2012(2)：106-110
[217]张小蒂、赵榄.“干中学”、企业家人力资本和我国动态比较优势增进.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)[J].2009a(4)：73-81
[218]张小蒂、赵榄.企业家人力资本结构与地区居民富裕程度差异研究.中国工业经济[J],2009(12)：16-25
[219]赵榄.企业家要素增进与动态比较优势提升[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2010
[220]赵文军、于津平.中国贸易顺差成因研究——基于跨时最优消费理论的实证分析.经济研究[J],2008(12)：29-38
[221]朱希伟、金祥荣、罗德明.国内市场分割与中国的出口贸易扩张[J].经济研究,2005(1)：68-76
[222]祝树金、郭莎莎、黄建欢.我国经济开放、地区分割影响技术差距的实证分析[J].财经理论与实践,2010(5)：87-92
[223]庄子银.创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长[J].经济研究,2007(8)：82-94
[224]庄子银.南方模仿、企业家精神和长期增长.经济研究[J],2003(1)：62,70