教育技术学专业中《摄影基础》课的作用与教学改革研究
|
摘要
“读图时代”的到来,给教育技术学专业的发展带来了新的课题和新的挑战。“读图时代”是信息社会发展的特定阶段,人类需要掌握更多的知识、需要提高获取信息的效率,而读图能够很好地解决这些问题。图像有着不言而喻的优势,它可以超越时空,跨越地界,是人类文化教育中都能读懂的一种语言。《摄影基础》课在高等师范院校教育技术学专业中是一门核心专业课程,该课程主要以影像技术和艺术为主要内容。以课件制作、资源建设为己任之一的教育技术工作者,必须对摄影的技术技法、艺术表达有全面的把握。
随着教育技术系的发展《,摄影基础》在教育技术学专业中的地位越来越重要。对摄影教育研究的学者很多,但在教育技术系中的摄影课程如何教,其在教育技术系中的地位如何,拍摄出的图像如何具体的应用等方面研究的却很少,针对这一现状,我们看到了本课题所潜在的创新价值和研究价值,但同时也使本选题负有相当大的挑战性。
论文主要采用网上查询、文献查阅等方法进行相关资料的搜集和整理,并结合实践对其进行分析、归纳和总结,形成研究思路,建立研究提纲,开始论文的撰写。在写作的过程中,运用分析、归纳总结法对问题进行剖析,得出结论,阐明观点。本文主要以自己在山东电子职业技术学院教授过的《摄影基础》课以及参与山东师范大学《摄影基础》这一省级精品课程的制作为基础,对摄影基础课的建设和发展作了初步了解与研究,并对《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业中的重要作用及教学方法的研究进行了探讨。
本文第一章绪论阐述了本课题的研究意义与研究背景,并对该课题的研究现状进行了分析,接着分析了该课题的研究方法。
第二章阐述了《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业中的重要作用,首先介绍了教育技术学专业的培养目标,对教育技术学专业中《摄影基础》课设置情况进行了分析。阐述了摄影基础课程对学生的人文素质培养、视觉素养能力的培养和审美能力的提高方面进行了论述,并对教育技术学中《摄影基础》课存在的问题进行了概述。
第三章对《摄影基础》课的教学体系进行了分析,首先分析了《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业培养目标位,然后对《摄影基础》课的教材选择及知识模块进行了阐述,接下来对《摄影基础》课的重点难点及解决方法进行分析,为《摄影基础》课的教学提供一定的借鉴。
第四章介绍了《摄影基础》课的实验室建设,重点介绍了数字摄影实验室的建设以及摄影实验教学的基本内容。
第五章对《摄影基础》课教学方法进行了初步的探索与研究,对摄影基础进行网络教学是计算机网络技术和信息技术飞速发展的必然趋势。以山东师范大学《摄影基础》省级精品课程为例,说明在《摄影基础》课中使用网络课程教学的优势。
论文的创新点为通过对摄影教学内容、教学方法的探索与改革,对教育技术学专业中的摄影基础课的教学提供一个系统整体的教学方法,来提高学生艺术鉴赏能力、艺术创造能力、影像理解能力、影像表达能力和影像获取应用能力,从而提高教育技术学专业学生的学科水平。
With the advent of the visual age ,the professional development of educational technology has brought tremendous challenges and new issues, the visual age’s information of a specific phase of social development, and human acquire more knowledge and improve the efficiency of access to information, reading image being good in solving this problem, image has self-evident advantages, it can transcend time and space, and across boundaries, which is able to understand the culture of all languages. Photography Basic Course in Normal University in the educational technology professional is a professional core courses, the courses mainly in imaging technology and the arts as the main content, courseware and resources building one of the responsibility of education and technological workers, who must photographic techniques on the technical, artistic expression a comprehensive grasp.
As the development of educational technology, Photography Basic in the educational technology becoming more and more important . there are many professionals researching the photographic education, but there are less research on how to teach the Basic Photography、the status of the Basic Photography in the educational technology and how to apply the photography. in view of this situation, we can see that this issue by value and the innovation potential research value, but also a result of this choice will have a great challenge.
Thesis used mainly for the Internet, such as access to documents related to methods of collecting and collating information and practice with their analysis, summary and conclusion, formation a research ideas and establish research outline, then started writing papers. In the process of Writing ,I applied analysis, summarized the issue of the analysis, concluded that clarity. This paper mainly to a professor of photography has its own foundation courses, and participate in Shandong Normal University, "photographic basis," the production of network-based curriculum, based on the photography curriculum development and the construction of a preliminary understanding and research. "Basic Photography" courses in educational technology play an important role in professional teaching methods which were discussed.
Chapter I: Introduction this thesis elaborated on the significance of the subject of study and research background and carried the analysis to the present situation of this thesis research. And then introduce the reseach method of the theis.
Chapter II: introduction of the Basic of Photography have an important role in educational technology.The first is to introduct the necessity of establishing Basic photography in educational technology and analyst that photo images play an important role in educational technology mayor,The set of the Basic of Photography was analyzed, well as to introduction of the Basic photography may raise the quality of student's humanities、the visual accomplishment ability and the Aesthetic capacity.The problem of the Basic of Photography was outlined.
Chapter III: on the basis of photography courses in the theory of teaching, first of all, analyst the basis of photography courses in the Educational Technology Training objectives of the position, then introduce the basis of photography course curriculum objectives and curriculum materials selection and knowledge modules on the order, the next photography courses on the basis of the key and difficult and the solutions were analyzed for basic courses teaching photography to provide a reference.
Chapter IV : presents a photographic laboratory based curriculum building, with a focus on digital photography and photographic laboratory building experimental teaching the basic elements
Chapter V: the teaching of basic photography conducted a preliminary exploration and research, teaching photography based network computer network technology and information technology are rapidly developing an inevitable trend. Shandong Normal University, "photographic based" network courses as an example to illustrate the use of photography in the basic courses teaching the advantages of the network.
Thesis point for the adoption of innovative teaching of the photographic content, teaching methods, and to explore the reform of the educational technology in the professional photography teaching foundation courses provide an overall system of teaching methods to improve students appreciation of the arts, the ability to create art,imaging understanding ability, expression and video image acquisition capabilities, thereby enhancing educational technology professional student academic standard.
随着教育技术系的发展《,摄影基础》在教育技术学专业中的地位越来越重要。对摄影教育研究的学者很多,但在教育技术系中的摄影课程如何教,其在教育技术系中的地位如何,拍摄出的图像如何具体的应用等方面研究的却很少,针对这一现状,我们看到了本课题所潜在的创新价值和研究价值,但同时也使本选题负有相当大的挑战性。
论文主要采用网上查询、文献查阅等方法进行相关资料的搜集和整理,并结合实践对其进行分析、归纳和总结,形成研究思路,建立研究提纲,开始论文的撰写。在写作的过程中,运用分析、归纳总结法对问题进行剖析,得出结论,阐明观点。本文主要以自己在山东电子职业技术学院教授过的《摄影基础》课以及参与山东师范大学《摄影基础》这一省级精品课程的制作为基础,对摄影基础课的建设和发展作了初步了解与研究,并对《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业中的重要作用及教学方法的研究进行了探讨。
本文第一章绪论阐述了本课题的研究意义与研究背景,并对该课题的研究现状进行了分析,接着分析了该课题的研究方法。
第二章阐述了《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业中的重要作用,首先介绍了教育技术学专业的培养目标,对教育技术学专业中《摄影基础》课设置情况进行了分析。阐述了摄影基础课程对学生的人文素质培养、视觉素养能力的培养和审美能力的提高方面进行了论述,并对教育技术学中《摄影基础》课存在的问题进行了概述。
第三章对《摄影基础》课的教学体系进行了分析,首先分析了《摄影基础》课在教育技术学专业培养目标位,然后对《摄影基础》课的教材选择及知识模块进行了阐述,接下来对《摄影基础》课的重点难点及解决方法进行分析,为《摄影基础》课的教学提供一定的借鉴。
第四章介绍了《摄影基础》课的实验室建设,重点介绍了数字摄影实验室的建设以及摄影实验教学的基本内容。
第五章对《摄影基础》课教学方法进行了初步的探索与研究,对摄影基础进行网络教学是计算机网络技术和信息技术飞速发展的必然趋势。以山东师范大学《摄影基础》省级精品课程为例,说明在《摄影基础》课中使用网络课程教学的优势。
论文的创新点为通过对摄影教学内容、教学方法的探索与改革,对教育技术学专业中的摄影基础课的教学提供一个系统整体的教学方法,来提高学生艺术鉴赏能力、艺术创造能力、影像理解能力、影像表达能力和影像获取应用能力,从而提高教育技术学专业学生的学科水平。
With the advent of the visual age ,the professional development of educational technology has brought tremendous challenges and new issues, the visual age’s information of a specific phase of social development, and human acquire more knowledge and improve the efficiency of access to information, reading image being good in solving this problem, image has self-evident advantages, it can transcend time and space, and across boundaries, which is able to understand the culture of all languages. Photography Basic Course in Normal University in the educational technology professional is a professional core courses, the courses mainly in imaging technology and the arts as the main content, courseware and resources building one of the responsibility of education and technological workers, who must photographic techniques on the technical, artistic expression a comprehensive grasp.
As the development of educational technology, Photography Basic in the educational technology becoming more and more important . there are many professionals researching the photographic education, but there are less research on how to teach the Basic Photography、the status of the Basic Photography in the educational technology and how to apply the photography. in view of this situation, we can see that this issue by value and the innovation potential research value, but also a result of this choice will have a great challenge.
Thesis used mainly for the Internet, such as access to documents related to methods of collecting and collating information and practice with their analysis, summary and conclusion, formation a research ideas and establish research outline, then started writing papers. In the process of Writing ,I applied analysis, summarized the issue of the analysis, concluded that clarity. This paper mainly to a professor of photography has its own foundation courses, and participate in Shandong Normal University, "photographic basis," the production of network-based curriculum, based on the photography curriculum development and the construction of a preliminary understanding and research. "Basic Photography" courses in educational technology play an important role in professional teaching methods which were discussed.
Chapter I: Introduction this thesis elaborated on the significance of the subject of study and research background and carried the analysis to the present situation of this thesis research. And then introduce the reseach method of the theis.
Chapter II: introduction of the Basic of Photography have an important role in educational technology.The first is to introduct the necessity of establishing Basic photography in educational technology and analyst that photo images play an important role in educational technology mayor,The set of the Basic of Photography was analyzed, well as to introduction of the Basic photography may raise the quality of student's humanities、the visual accomplishment ability and the Aesthetic capacity.The problem of the Basic of Photography was outlined.
Chapter III: on the basis of photography courses in the theory of teaching, first of all, analyst the basis of photography courses in the Educational Technology Training objectives of the position, then introduce the basis of photography course curriculum objectives and curriculum materials selection and knowledge modules on the order, the next photography courses on the basis of the key and difficult and the solutions were analyzed for basic courses teaching photography to provide a reference.
Chapter IV : presents a photographic laboratory based curriculum building, with a focus on digital photography and photographic laboratory building experimental teaching the basic elements
Chapter V: the teaching of basic photography conducted a preliminary exploration and research, teaching photography based network computer network technology and information technology are rapidly developing an inevitable trend. Shandong Normal University, "photographic based" network courses as an example to illustrate the use of photography in the basic courses teaching the advantages of the network.
Thesis point for the adoption of innovative teaching of the photographic content, teaching methods, and to explore the reform of the educational technology in the professional photography teaching foundation courses provide an overall system of teaching methods to improve students appreciation of the arts, the ability to create art,imaging understanding ability, expression and video image acquisition capabilities, thereby enhancing educational technology professional student academic standard.
引文
[1] 谢昌军.读图时代与受众的读图心理探究[J].世界媒体实验室,2007(4).
[2](美)阿尔温·托夫勒著.第三次浪潮[M].北京:三联书店,1984.
[3] 盛希贵.摄影传播论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[4] 尹俊华.教育技术学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[5][7] 户火.摄影美学论稿[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,1989.
[6] 盛希贵.影像传播学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[8] 李培林.“读图时代”与新闻摄影教育创新研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2002.
[9] 教育技术学专业课程方案.华南师范大学本科教学计划,2001.
[10] 本科教育技术学培养目标培养方案[EB/OL],http://www.elec.bnu.cn/jxsz/pyfa.htm.
[11] 教育技术学专业业务培养目标.西北师范大学本科教学计划[Z].
[12] 教育技术学培养目标.山东师范大学本科教学计划[Z].
[13]化长河.人文素质提升指要[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2006.
[14] 罗伯特·西尔斯,丽塔·里奇著.教学技术:领域的定义和范畴[M].乌美娜,刘雍潜等译.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1999.
[15]尹俊华.教育技术学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[16][17]何可抗.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[18]色影无忌. http://www.xitek.com/info/showarticle.php?id=2370.
[19]董介人.全国高校摄影教育论文集[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2002.
[20] 何可抗.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[1]谢汉俊.A.亚当斯论摄影[M].北京:中国摄影出版社,2004.
[2]李培林.读图时代的媒体与受众[M].北京:新华出版社,2005.
[3]尹俊华.教育技术学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.8.
[4]唐光波.实用摄影暗房技术问答[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.1.
[5]王琦.实用现代暗房指南[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.7.
[6]夏放.摄影艺术概论[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.4.
[7]郭根生,宋乔.摄影艺术基础教程[M].济南:学员出版社,1995.5.
[8]盛希贵.影像传播论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[9] 潘燕. 摄影教学网站的建设与发展[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2006.
[10]牛婷婷.教育技术学专业人才视觉素养的培养[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2006.
[11]郭娟. 数字图像在多媒体课件中的应用研究[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2005.
[12]郝大魁.高校教育技术专业中苹果计算机的应用研究[D].山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2005.
[13]樊昌秀.摄影教育中视觉读写能力的培养研究[D].华中师范大学教育技术学硕士论文,2004.
[14]程平,严晶.浅谈摄影高等教育改革的必然性[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2006(6).
[15]钟日辉.《数码摄影》课程学习网站的设计与开发[J].中小学电教,2005(6).
[16]王传东.现代摄影教程[M].济南:山东美术出版,2005.4.
[17]刘雍潜.美国教育技术现状掠影[J].中国电化教育,2000(7).
[18]董介人.全国高校摄影教育论文集[M].南京,南京师范大学出版社,2002.12.
[19]周长海等.网络课程制作基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006,10.
[20]王靖,刘志文.网络课程设计中的教学系统设计[J].中国电化教育,2002(9).
[21]乌美娜.教学设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[22]罗伯特·西尔斯,丽塔·里奇著.教学技术:领域的定义和范畴[M].乌美娜,刘雍潜等译.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1999.
[23]林路.摄影网址手册.杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.7.
[24]任今洲.电视摄影造型[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2002.
[25]张舒予,朱静秋.信息技术支撑下的视觉素养的培养[J].电化教育研究,2005(3).
[26]林筑英.多媒体教学应用原理与开发技术[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2005.9. 李敏. 计算机图形图像处理应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.8.
[27]美国纽约摄影学院摄影教材[M].北京:中国摄影出版社,2002.
[28]李培林.新闻时代的图片传播者[J].新闻知识,2005(10).
[29]翟红刚.论摄影图像的传播效果[D].北京印刷学院,2005.
[30] [英]贡布里希:图像与眼睛——图画再现心理学的研究[J].浙江摄影出版社,1989(1) .
[31]谢琳.摄影图像在多媒体光盘设计中的审美价值[J].中国摄影出版社,2001.
[32]肖伟奇.论在摄影教学中体现素质教育[J].教育探索,2002(6).
[33]李楠.培养读图能力 构建对话平台[J].摄影,2005(10).
[34]方俊峰.CAI 课件素材的获取与处理技巧.安庆师范学院学报,2003(11).
[35]桂毅.多媒体课件开发中图形图像素材的获取与处理[J].新疆广播电视大学学报,2005(1).
[36]林雯,栾舒惠.《摄影技术基础》网络课程的教学设计.广西师范学院,2004,8.
[37]邢冰.摄影网络课程的设计与制作[J].职业教育研究,2004(1).
[38]陈学圣.从美国到台湾看摄影教育[J].数码影像,2003(6).
[39]道格拉斯·斯帕林. 美国广泛开展数码摄影教育[J].摄影世界,1999(11).
[40]吴悠.数码摄影在当代平面广告中的运用研究[D].华东大学硕士学位论文,2005
[41]殷强.浅谈国外摄影教育借鉴与创新[DB/OL]摄影教育,2005(12) http://www.cdd.cn/homepage/article_show.asp?id=40731&m_id=40029.
[42]色影无忌 http://www.xitek.com/info/showarticle.php?id=2370.
[43]宋其华,郭根生.计算机图像设计与苹果计算机[J].实验室研究与探索,2004(5).
[44]王虎,郭根生.图像设计用 Mac 还是 PC[J].中国电脑教育报,2005(1).
[45]杨晓光,钟凤宏.关于摄影艺术教育的思考[J].艺术广角,2001(5).
[46]龙熹祖.图像与艺术[M].沈阳:辽宁美术出版社,2002.
[47]邹霞.对我国高师教育技术专业本科培养目标的研究[J].现代教育技术,2004(1).
[48]Steven Hackbarth.The Educational Technology Handbook: a Comprehensive Guide.Process and Products for Learning.Educational Technology Publication,Inc.,1996.
[49]Donid P.Ely,The Promises of Educational Technology.Educational Media And Technology Year Book,1998.
[50]Smith Schuneman.Photojournalism.WA: Hashtings House,1972.
[2](美)阿尔温·托夫勒著.第三次浪潮[M].北京:三联书店,1984.
[3] 盛希贵.摄影传播论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[4] 尹俊华.教育技术学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[5][7] 户火.摄影美学论稿[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,1989.
[6] 盛希贵.影像传播学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[8] 李培林.“读图时代”与新闻摄影教育创新研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2002.
[9] 教育技术学专业课程方案.华南师范大学本科教学计划,2001.
[10] 本科教育技术学培养目标培养方案[EB/OL],http://www.elec.bnu.cn/jxsz/pyfa.htm.
[11] 教育技术学专业业务培养目标.西北师范大学本科教学计划[Z].
[12] 教育技术学培养目标.山东师范大学本科教学计划[Z].
[13]化长河.人文素质提升指要[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2006.
[14] 罗伯特·西尔斯,丽塔·里奇著.教学技术:领域的定义和范畴[M].乌美娜,刘雍潜等译.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1999.
[15]尹俊华.教育技术学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[16][17]何可抗.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[18]色影无忌. http://www.xitek.com/info/showarticle.php?id=2370.
[19]董介人.全国高校摄影教育论文集[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2002.
[20] 何可抗.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[1]谢汉俊.A.亚当斯论摄影[M].北京:中国摄影出版社,2004.
[2]李培林.读图时代的媒体与受众[M].北京:新华出版社,2005.
[3]尹俊华.教育技术学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.8.
[4]唐光波.实用摄影暗房技术问答[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.1.
[5]王琦.实用现代暗房指南[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.7.
[6]夏放.摄影艺术概论[M].杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.4.
[7]郭根生,宋乔.摄影艺术基础教程[M].济南:学员出版社,1995.5.
[8]盛希贵.影像传播论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[9] 潘燕. 摄影教学网站的建设与发展[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2006.
[10]牛婷婷.教育技术学专业人才视觉素养的培养[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2006.
[11]郭娟. 数字图像在多媒体课件中的应用研究[D]. 山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2005.
[12]郝大魁.高校教育技术专业中苹果计算机的应用研究[D].山东师范大学传播学院教育技术系硕士论文,2005.
[13]樊昌秀.摄影教育中视觉读写能力的培养研究[D].华中师范大学教育技术学硕士论文,2004.
[14]程平,严晶.浅谈摄影高等教育改革的必然性[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2006(6).
[15]钟日辉.《数码摄影》课程学习网站的设计与开发[J].中小学电教,2005(6).
[16]王传东.现代摄影教程[M].济南:山东美术出版,2005.4.
[17]刘雍潜.美国教育技术现状掠影[J].中国电化教育,2000(7).
[18]董介人.全国高校摄影教育论文集[M].南京,南京师范大学出版社,2002.12.
[19]周长海等.网络课程制作基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006,10.
[20]王靖,刘志文.网络课程设计中的教学系统设计[J].中国电化教育,2002(9).
[21]乌美娜.教学设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[22]罗伯特·西尔斯,丽塔·里奇著.教学技术:领域的定义和范畴[M].乌美娜,刘雍潜等译.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1999.
[23]林路.摄影网址手册.杭州:浙江摄影出版社,2000.7.
[24]任今洲.电视摄影造型[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,2002.
[25]张舒予,朱静秋.信息技术支撑下的视觉素养的培养[J].电化教育研究,2005(3).
[26]林筑英.多媒体教学应用原理与开发技术[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2005.9. 李敏. 计算机图形图像处理应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.8.
[27]美国纽约摄影学院摄影教材[M].北京:中国摄影出版社,2002.
[28]李培林.新闻时代的图片传播者[J].新闻知识,2005(10).
[29]翟红刚.论摄影图像的传播效果[D].北京印刷学院,2005.
[30] [英]贡布里希:图像与眼睛——图画再现心理学的研究[J].浙江摄影出版社,1989(1) .
[31]谢琳.摄影图像在多媒体光盘设计中的审美价值[J].中国摄影出版社,2001.
[32]肖伟奇.论在摄影教学中体现素质教育[J].教育探索,2002(6).
[33]李楠.培养读图能力 构建对话平台[J].摄影,2005(10).
[34]方俊峰.CAI 课件素材的获取与处理技巧.安庆师范学院学报,2003(11).
[35]桂毅.多媒体课件开发中图形图像素材的获取与处理[J].新疆广播电视大学学报,2005(1).
[36]林雯,栾舒惠.《摄影技术基础》网络课程的教学设计.广西师范学院,2004,8.
[37]邢冰.摄影网络课程的设计与制作[J].职业教育研究,2004(1).
[38]陈学圣.从美国到台湾看摄影教育[J].数码影像,2003(6).
[39]道格拉斯·斯帕林. 美国广泛开展数码摄影教育[J].摄影世界,1999(11).
[40]吴悠.数码摄影在当代平面广告中的运用研究[D].华东大学硕士学位论文,2005
[41]殷强.浅谈国外摄影教育借鉴与创新[DB/OL]摄影教育,2005(12) http://www.cdd.cn/homepage/article_show.asp?id=40731&m_id=40029.
[42]色影无忌 http://www.xitek.com/info/showarticle.php?id=2370.
[43]宋其华,郭根生.计算机图像设计与苹果计算机[J].实验室研究与探索,2004(5).
[44]王虎,郭根生.图像设计用 Mac 还是 PC[J].中国电脑教育报,2005(1).
[45]杨晓光,钟凤宏.关于摄影艺术教育的思考[J].艺术广角,2001(5).
[46]龙熹祖.图像与艺术[M].沈阳:辽宁美术出版社,2002.
[47]邹霞.对我国高师教育技术专业本科培养目标的研究[J].现代教育技术,2004(1).
[48]Steven Hackbarth.The Educational Technology Handbook: a Comprehensive Guide.Process and Products for Learning.Educational Technology Publication,Inc.,1996.
[49]Donid P.Ely,The Promises of Educational Technology.Educational Media And Technology Year Book,1998.
[50]Smith Schuneman.Photojournalism.WA: Hashtings House,1972.