我国中小企业融资问题探析
|
摘要
改革开放以来，我国中小企业对国民经济的贡献不断上升，特别是在扩大就业、满足人们多样化和个性化需求、实现社会专业化协作、进行技术创新等方面发挥出日益重要的优势和作用。但是这几年，我国中小企业由于外部环境的艰难和自身发展中积累的问题的凸现，发展速度逐渐减缓，不能起到其对经济应起的推动作用，这也是导致我国经济发展乏力的重要因素之一。如何营造良好的经营环境和解决中小企业自身内部问题，促进我国中小企业发展，实现我国经济的可持续性增长成为我们当前急需研究的重大课题。
我国中小企业在其发展中，遇到许多来自自身内部和外部环境的困难，其中融资难问题就是目前中小企业发展所普遍遇到的主要困难之一。我国中小企业发展的资金困境随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和金融体制改革的深化而日趋严重，中小企业要想在市场经济中抓住发展机遇，就必须充分运用资金融通手段，在竞争中发展和完善自己。但是在我国，由于我国中小企业自身特殊的组织形式经营机制和发展历程，使得我国中小企业面临着严重的融资困境，资金融通渠道非常匮乏，已经严重地影响了中小企业的发展。如何解决我国中小企业的融资困境，为中小企业创业提供资金支持是中小企业得以发展的关键。
正是对于这一具有现实意义的问题的关注，构成了本论文选题的基础。论文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑思路。首先，阐述了我国中小企业对促进经济增长，缓解就业压力以及增加农民收入，转移农村富余劳动力等方面的积极作用；并介绍了国外对中小企业的扶持与重视；随后分析了制约我国中小企业发展的各种因素，尤其突出了融资难问题随后通过对目前我国中小企业面临的融资困境现状的分析，解析出造成中小企业融资困难的内外部因素；在上述分析的基础上，立足我国中小企业现实，选择目前适合我国中小企业发展的融资渠道，采用多种融资方式解决中小企业融资难题，同时指出解决融资难题，不仅需要中小企业自身的努力来完善融资的微观环境，同时我国金融机构和政府应持积极态度，进一步完善中小企业融资的宏观环境。
大致来说，国内外标准的经济学论文可以分为两类，一类是实证研究，主要是使用统计数据和计量模型或严格的数学方法来检验或证明一种假说。因为涉及
大量数据的收集与整理，需耗费较长的研究周期，也需要较高的数学功底。另外
一类是规范研究，指的是采用归纳、演绎等逻辑方法从经济生活的规律性出发概
括形成一系列规范经济工作实务的指导性结论。本文作为某种程度上的对策研
究，就决定了本文的研究主要选择规范研究方法进行。
关键词:中小企业、融资困境、融资渠道、融资方式。
Researeh on MSE F 1 nane 1 ng of Ch 1 na
Abstraet
Sinee the reforming and oPening，MSE eontribute to the eonstantly
imProving national eeonomy，espeeially in exPanding emPloyment，
sat 1 sfying peoPle diversifieation and individualized demand，realizing
soeial eoordination based on sPeeialization，earrying on teehnologieal
innovation，ete.But questions whieh the MSE have aeeumulated in the
diffieult and their own develoPment of the external environment eondition
are shown esPeeially over these several years.DeveloPment speed slows
down gradual ly，and they eannot Play their role imPetus to eeonomy.That
15 an imPortant negative faetor of eeonomie develoPment of our eountry.
How to build the good management environment and solve their own inside
Problems of small and medium一sized enterprises，to promote of our eountry
development of MSE，to realize of our eountry eeonomy eonstant growth 15
a Present great subjeet.
In their develoPment，MSE met a lot of Problems from internal and
external environment.Finaneing Problem 15 the main problem at Present.
MSE’5 finaneing Predieament 15 getting worse and worse with the gradual
foundation and Promotion of reform in banking system and market eeonomy
system.If MSE want to eateh the oPPortunity for development in market
eeonomy，they must fully use the eireulation ways of eaPital，develoP and
Perfeet themselves in the eomPetition.But in our eountry，beeause of
sPeeial organizational form，oPerating meehanism and develoPment eourse，
the MSE 15 faeing the serious finaneing Predieament，the defieient ehannel
Since the reforming and opening, MSE contribute to the constantly improving national economy, especially in expanding employment, satisfying people diversification and individualized demand, realizing social coordination based on specialization, carrying on technological innovation, etc. But questions which the MSE have accumulated in the difficult and their own development of the external environment condition are shown especially over these several years. Development speed slows down gradually, and they cannot play their role impetus to economy. That is an important negative factor of economic development of our country. How to build the good management environment and solve their own inside problems of small and medium-sized enterprises, to promote of our country development of MSE, to realize of our country economy constant growth is a present great subject.In their development, MSE met a lot of problems from internal and external environment. Financing problem is the main problem at present. MSE' s financing predicament is getting worse and worse with the gradual foundation and promotion of reform in banking system and market economy system. If MSE want to catch the opportunity for development in market economy, they must fully use the circulation ways of capital, develop and perfect themselves in the competition. But in our country, because of special organizational form, operating mechanism and development course, the MSE is facing the serious financing predicament, the deficient channel
of inter-financing. How to solve the financing predicaments of the MSE is the key to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, to offer financial support for second phase of development of the MSE.With concern to this realistic problem, the author chooses this topic for thesis. The thesis is following the thought of posing problem, analyzing problem and solving problem. First of all, the author briefly explains the positive role to promote the economy, relieve pressure on employment and increase the income of farmer, transfer the surplus labor force of countryside; and then, introduces the experience from abroad. After that, the author analyzes the limitations in their development, especially to stress the financing problem. By discussing the current situation of financing problem, the author elaborates the causes of financing problem from external and internal factors. Based on the reality of MSE, choosing the appropriate financing channel, adopting multiple ways to solve financing problem. At the same time, the author points out that solving the financing problem not only depend on the MSE, but also depend on the attitude of the financial institution and government.Commonly, the standard economics thesis can be divided into two kinds: One is positive research, which use statistics and measure model or strict mathematics method to examine or prove a kind of hypothesis. Another kind is criterion research, which uses means such as adopting and summing up, to deduce logic method proceed from regularity of the economic life and to summarize a series of standardize economic work guidance. As countermeasure research of a certain degree, the thesis chooses the criterion research as the main approach.
我国中小企业在其发展中，遇到许多来自自身内部和外部环境的困难，其中融资难问题就是目前中小企业发展所普遍遇到的主要困难之一。我国中小企业发展的资金困境随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和金融体制改革的深化而日趋严重，中小企业要想在市场经济中抓住发展机遇，就必须充分运用资金融通手段，在竞争中发展和完善自己。但是在我国，由于我国中小企业自身特殊的组织形式经营机制和发展历程，使得我国中小企业面临着严重的融资困境，资金融通渠道非常匮乏，已经严重地影响了中小企业的发展。如何解决我国中小企业的融资困境，为中小企业创业提供资金支持是中小企业得以发展的关键。
正是对于这一具有现实意义的问题的关注，构成了本论文选题的基础。论文按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑思路。首先，阐述了我国中小企业对促进经济增长，缓解就业压力以及增加农民收入，转移农村富余劳动力等方面的积极作用；并介绍了国外对中小企业的扶持与重视；随后分析了制约我国中小企业发展的各种因素，尤其突出了融资难问题随后通过对目前我国中小企业面临的融资困境现状的分析，解析出造成中小企业融资困难的内外部因素；在上述分析的基础上，立足我国中小企业现实，选择目前适合我国中小企业发展的融资渠道，采用多种融资方式解决中小企业融资难题，同时指出解决融资难题，不仅需要中小企业自身的努力来完善融资的微观环境，同时我国金融机构和政府应持积极态度，进一步完善中小企业融资的宏观环境。
大致来说，国内外标准的经济学论文可以分为两类，一类是实证研究，主要是使用统计数据和计量模型或严格的数学方法来检验或证明一种假说。因为涉及
大量数据的收集与整理，需耗费较长的研究周期，也需要较高的数学功底。另外
一类是规范研究，指的是采用归纳、演绎等逻辑方法从经济生活的规律性出发概
括形成一系列规范经济工作实务的指导性结论。本文作为某种程度上的对策研
究，就决定了本文的研究主要选择规范研究方法进行。
关键词:中小企业、融资困境、融资渠道、融资方式。
Researeh on MSE F 1 nane 1 ng of Ch 1 na
Abstraet
Sinee the reforming and oPening，MSE eontribute to the eonstantly
imProving national eeonomy，espeeially in exPanding emPloyment，
sat 1 sfying peoPle diversifieation and individualized demand，realizing
soeial eoordination based on sPeeialization，earrying on teehnologieal
innovation，ete.But questions whieh the MSE have aeeumulated in the
diffieult and their own develoPment of the external environment eondition
are shown esPeeially over these several years.DeveloPment speed slows
down gradual ly，and they eannot Play their role imPetus to eeonomy.That
15 an imPortant negative faetor of eeonomie develoPment of our eountry.
How to build the good management environment and solve their own inside
Problems of small and medium一sized enterprises，to promote of our eountry
development of MSE，to realize of our eountry eeonomy eonstant growth 15
a Present great subjeet.
In their develoPment，MSE met a lot of Problems from internal and
external environment.Finaneing Problem 15 the main problem at Present.
MSE’5 finaneing Predieament 15 getting worse and worse with the gradual
foundation and Promotion of reform in banking system and market eeonomy
system.If MSE want to eateh the oPPortunity for development in market
eeonomy，they must fully use the eireulation ways of eaPital，develoP and
Perfeet themselves in the eomPetition.But in our eountry，beeause of
sPeeial organizational form，oPerating meehanism and develoPment eourse，
the MSE 15 faeing the serious finaneing Predieament，the defieient ehannel
Since the reforming and opening, MSE contribute to the constantly improving national economy, especially in expanding employment, satisfying people diversification and individualized demand, realizing social coordination based on specialization, carrying on technological innovation, etc. But questions which the MSE have accumulated in the difficult and their own development of the external environment condition are shown especially over these several years. Development speed slows down gradually, and they cannot play their role impetus to economy. That is an important negative factor of economic development of our country. How to build the good management environment and solve their own inside problems of small and medium-sized enterprises, to promote of our country development of MSE, to realize of our country economy constant growth is a present great subject.In their development, MSE met a lot of problems from internal and external environment. Financing problem is the main problem at present. MSE' s financing predicament is getting worse and worse with the gradual foundation and promotion of reform in banking system and market economy system. If MSE want to catch the opportunity for development in market economy, they must fully use the circulation ways of capital, develop and perfect themselves in the competition. But in our country, because of special organizational form, operating mechanism and development course, the MSE is facing the serious financing predicament, the deficient channel
of inter-financing. How to solve the financing predicaments of the MSE is the key to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, to offer financial support for second phase of development of the MSE.With concern to this realistic problem, the author chooses this topic for thesis. The thesis is following the thought of posing problem, analyzing problem and solving problem. First of all, the author briefly explains the positive role to promote the economy, relieve pressure on employment and increase the income of farmer, transfer the surplus labor force of countryside; and then, introduces the experience from abroad. After that, the author analyzes the limitations in their development, especially to stress the financing problem. By discussing the current situation of financing problem, the author elaborates the causes of financing problem from external and internal factors. Based on the reality of MSE, choosing the appropriate financing channel, adopting multiple ways to solve financing problem. At the same time, the author points out that solving the financing problem not only depend on the MSE, but also depend on the attitude of the financial institution and government.Commonly, the standard economics thesis can be divided into two kinds: One is positive research, which use statistics and measure model or strict mathematics method to examine or prove a kind of hypothesis. Another kind is criterion research, which uses means such as adopting and summing up, to deduce logic method proceed from regularity of the economic life and to summarize a series of standardize economic work guidance. As countermeasure research of a certain degree, the thesis chooses the criterion research as the main approach.
引文
1、郭复初：《经济体制改革中的财务问题》西南财经大学出版社 2001年版
2、尚福林：《中国货币信贷政策与制度》 中国金融出版社 1995年版
3、张秀生：《国外中小企业的发展概况》 中国商业出版社 1999年版
4、罗国勋：《二十一世纪：中国中小企业的发展》 社会科学文献出版社 1999年版
5、傅建化：《上海中小企业发展战略研究》 上海财大出版社
6、董贵昕：《如何进行企业融资》 大连理工大学出版社 2000年版
7、方晓霞：《中国企业融资：制度变迁与行为分析》 北京大学出版社 1999年版
8、王德中：《企业战略管理》 西南财经大学出版社 1999年版
9、陈乃醒：《中小企业经营与发展》经济管理出版社
10、陈小平：《小企业经营之道》复旦大学出版社
11、万兴亚：《提升中小企业竞争力加速东北地区现代化发展》(《经济管理》2003年1月)
12、吴文昊等：《风险基金与第二板市场探讨》(《经济管理与研究》 1999年第4期)
13、黄飞鸣：《着力解决好中小企业融资难的问题》(《经济论坛》 2003年5月)
14、丁明豪：《中小企业促进法普照中小企业》(《中国中小企业》 2003年2月)
15、陈及、王佐：《中国中小企业融资途径选择》(《北京商学院学报》 2002年第4期)
16、吴敬琏：《中国改革的回顾与前瞻》 (《国研信息》)
17、王安南：《从日本看中小企业》(《中华工商时报》 1999年8月14日)
18、樊增强：《加强发展中小企业的重要意义及途径》(《山西师范大学学报》2000年第4期)
19、龚建文：《我国中小企业发展现状、问题和对策》(《工业企业管理》 2000年第5期)
20、吴潮：《中小企业融资问题研究》(《2001年中美企业管理与创新国际研讨会》2001年)
21、吴建清：《拓宽中小企业融资渠道探讨》(《宁波大学学报》2000年第1期)
22、梁峰：《试论制约我国中小企业发展的融资瓶颈》(《南京经济研究》 2000年第2期)
23、袁利军：《从战略的高度重视中小企业的发展》(《管理世界》 1998年第5期)
24、国家经贸委：《关于鼓励和促进中小企业发展的若干问题》2000年7月6日
25、中国人民银行总行文件：《关于进一步改善中小企业金融服务的意见》 1998年
2、尚福林：《中国货币信贷政策与制度》 中国金融出版社 1995年版
3、张秀生：《国外中小企业的发展概况》 中国商业出版社 1999年版
4、罗国勋：《二十一世纪：中国中小企业的发展》 社会科学文献出版社 1999年版
5、傅建化：《上海中小企业发展战略研究》 上海财大出版社
6、董贵昕：《如何进行企业融资》 大连理工大学出版社 2000年版
7、方晓霞：《中国企业融资：制度变迁与行为分析》 北京大学出版社 1999年版
8、王德中：《企业战略管理》 西南财经大学出版社 1999年版
9、陈乃醒：《中小企业经营与发展》经济管理出版社
10、陈小平：《小企业经营之道》复旦大学出版社
11、万兴亚：《提升中小企业竞争力加速东北地区现代化发展》(《经济管理》2003年1月)
12、吴文昊等：《风险基金与第二板市场探讨》(《经济管理与研究》 1999年第4期)
13、黄飞鸣：《着力解决好中小企业融资难的问题》(《经济论坛》 2003年5月)
14、丁明豪：《中小企业促进法普照中小企业》(《中国中小企业》 2003年2月)
15、陈及、王佐：《中国中小企业融资途径选择》(《北京商学院学报》 2002年第4期)
16、吴敬琏：《中国改革的回顾与前瞻》 (《国研信息》)
17、王安南：《从日本看中小企业》(《中华工商时报》 1999年8月14日)
18、樊增强：《加强发展中小企业的重要意义及途径》(《山西师范大学学报》2000年第4期)
19、龚建文：《我国中小企业发展现状、问题和对策》(《工业企业管理》 2000年第5期)
20、吴潮：《中小企业融资问题研究》(《2001年中美企业管理与创新国际研讨会》2001年)
21、吴建清：《拓宽中小企业融资渠道探讨》(《宁波大学学报》2000年第1期)
22、梁峰：《试论制约我国中小企业发展的融资瓶颈》(《南京经济研究》 2000年第2期)
23、袁利军：《从战略的高度重视中小企业的发展》(《管理世界》 1998年第5期)
24、国家经贸委：《关于鼓励和促进中小企业发展的若干问题》2000年7月6日
25、中国人民银行总行文件：《关于进一步改善中小企业金融服务的意见》 1998年