生态城市规划探索
摘要
近代工业文明的兴盛促使城市成为人类发展最重要的发源地和聚集地,城市是人类进步和现代文明的发展产物,是国家和区域社会发展的核心。而世界城市化进程的加快必然引起一系列对生态环境的破坏,生态城市的应运而生从根本上奠定了未来城市发展模式的基础。生态城市是时代发展的产物,具有全新的理念和内涵。自上世纪90年代后期以来,全世界各国都在进行生态城市建设的热潮。中国的很多先进的城市也在积极开展,初见成效的示范区带动了更多的城市进行建设规划,生态城市为缓解和解决当今世界层出不穷的城市问题提供了一种很好的思路和研究课题。
正是因为生态城市研究对人类城市发展有重要的意义,已经成为国内外争相研究的热点课题,所以本文通过系统学习生态城市研究现状和趋势,选择生态城市生态化指标评价的角度进行研究,通过介绍生态城市及建设基本理论和实践总结,目前国内外研究现状等,提出新的生态城市建设原则；结合大连市实际情况,选取层次分析计算法(AHP)和定性的综合评价法结合手段对大连市生态指标体系进行分析研究,得出结果是：大连市生态综合指数(ECI)为1.300,生态化程度很高,生态化水平为Ⅰ级,并对存在的问题进行了分析,包括：经济结构优化度欠缺,社会保障体系发展滞后,能源利用率偏低,资源循环利用效果不显著,城市空气质量状况下降等,并针对大连市生态城市建设出现的具体问题,提出合理的建议和对策,并对可能影响大连生态城市建设进展的因素进行分析,为大连市生态市建设提供一定的数据依据。
The prosperity of modern industrial civilization prompted cities becoming the most important development birthplace of Man, which is the product of human modern civilization progress and development, and the core of the national and regional social development. The acceleration of urbanization of the world inevitably leads to a series of ecological environment destruction. The emergence of eco-city has fundamentally laid the foundation of future urban development pattern. Eco-city, endowed with new concept and connotation, is a product of development of the times. Since the late 1990s, a lot of eco-cities have been built around the world. Many advanced cities in China also try to do it, in which a lot of successful cases contribute to the planning of other cities. The emerging of eco-cities relieves and resolves the endless city problems and provides a kind of good ideas and research subjects.
The research on eco-city has become the hotter subject both at home and abroad due to its important significance in city development. Through the systematic analysis of the eco-city status and trends, ecological indicators evaluation, basic theory and practice, and research frontier of eco-city, the paper proposes a new eco-city construction principle.
Combined with the actual situation in Dalian, the selection of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the qualitative overall evaluation method are adopted. The ecological index system in Dalian city is studied and analyzed, resulting in: Ecological Composite Index (ECI) is 1.300, a higher degree with first level. The existing problems are analyzed, including the lack of economic structure optimization degrees, the lag of social security system development, the low utilization of energy, the low resource recycling effect and the poor urban air quality. According to specific problems in Dalian ecological city construction, recommendations and countermeasures are put forward. The probable effect factors are also analyzed in order to support Dalian eco-city building.
正是因为生态城市研究对人类城市发展有重要的意义,已经成为国内外争相研究的热点课题,所以本文通过系统学习生态城市研究现状和趋势,选择生态城市生态化指标评价的角度进行研究,通过介绍生态城市及建设基本理论和实践总结,目前国内外研究现状等,提出新的生态城市建设原则；结合大连市实际情况,选取层次分析计算法(AHP)和定性的综合评价法结合手段对大连市生态指标体系进行分析研究,得出结果是：大连市生态综合指数(ECI)为1.300,生态化程度很高,生态化水平为Ⅰ级,并对存在的问题进行了分析,包括：经济结构优化度欠缺,社会保障体系发展滞后,能源利用率偏低,资源循环利用效果不显著,城市空气质量状况下降等,并针对大连市生态城市建设出现的具体问题,提出合理的建议和对策,并对可能影响大连生态城市建设进展的因素进行分析,为大连市生态市建设提供一定的数据依据。
The prosperity of modern industrial civilization prompted cities becoming the most important development birthplace of Man, which is the product of human modern civilization progress and development, and the core of the national and regional social development. The acceleration of urbanization of the world inevitably leads to a series of ecological environment destruction. The emergence of eco-city has fundamentally laid the foundation of future urban development pattern. Eco-city, endowed with new concept and connotation, is a product of development of the times. Since the late 1990s, a lot of eco-cities have been built around the world. Many advanced cities in China also try to do it, in which a lot of successful cases contribute to the planning of other cities. The emerging of eco-cities relieves and resolves the endless city problems and provides a kind of good ideas and research subjects.
The research on eco-city has become the hotter subject both at home and abroad due to its important significance in city development. Through the systematic analysis of the eco-city status and trends, ecological indicators evaluation, basic theory and practice, and research frontier of eco-city, the paper proposes a new eco-city construction principle.
Combined with the actual situation in Dalian, the selection of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the qualitative overall evaluation method are adopted. The ecological index system in Dalian city is studied and analyzed, resulting in: Ecological Composite Index (ECI) is 1.300, a higher degree with first level. The existing problems are analyzed, including the lack of economic structure optimization degrees, the lag of social security system development, the low utilization of energy, the low resource recycling effect and the poor urban air quality. According to specific problems in Dalian ecological city construction, recommendations and countermeasures are put forward. The probable effect factors are also analyzed in order to support Dalian eco-city building.
引文
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[30]Hua Zhang, Dong-Qing Zhang. Environmental and economic assessment of combined biostabilization and landfill for municipal solid waste[J]. J. Environ. Manage, 2011,92:2533-2538.
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[36]http://www.dledu.com/info/359336_933038. vm
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[38]http://www.dl.gov.cn/gov/atodl/intro/2012/745996_746603.vm?d_id=745996
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[43]尚晋.生态城市建设与评价的研究——以大连市为例[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[44]周晓唯,王拓.陕西省生态城市建设评价指标体系[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(6)：10-13.
[45]2010年秦皇岛市科学技术研究与发展计划(第一批).秦皇岛生态旅游城市建设综合指标的对比研究[J].中国商贸,2010.
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[2]崔柳.基于系统自然观的城市公共园林的设计与研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2009.
[3]王彦鑫.生态城市建设：理论和实证[M].北京：中国致公出版社,2011.
[4]黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市理论与规划设计方法[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[5]郭怀成,尚金城,张天柱.环境规划学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
[6]黄光宇,陈勇.生态城市概念及其规划设计方法研究[J],城市规划,1997,(6)：17-20.
[7]杨培峰.城乡空间生态规划理论与方法研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2004.
[8]兰育莺.建设中国特色生态文明的若干思考[J].福州党校学报,2018,112(3)：76-79.
[9]吴志强,宋雯琚.欧洲生态城市规划设计的案例研究[D].2008城市发展与规划国际论坛论文集,2008,113-116.
[10]黄宇驰.生态城市规划及其方法研究——以厦门为例[D].厦门：厦门大学,2004.
[11]黄河.城市生态现状与建设生态城市的若干思考[J].内蒙古师范大学学报,2004,33(5)：106-109.
[12]吴斐琼.实现生态城市的规划途径——以中国城市为例[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[13]孙铁珩,王道涵.论生态城市规划与建设的内容构架[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,34(3)：76-79.
[14]宋一.科学发展观的战略[J].珠海：中共珠海市委党校珠海市行政学院学报,2007,6：15-17.
[15]周青.环境问题与“可持续发展”道路存在的误区[J].生态环境,2007,16(5)：1583-1584.
[16]Yanitsky O. The City and Ecology, Nauka Mostkow.1987, (1):167-174.
[17]Wang Xiangrong. Ecologicol planning and sustainable development:A case study of urban development zone in Shanghai, China[J]. International Journal of Sustainable development and World Ecology,1998,5(3):204-216.
[18]Corrado D, Bruno Z. Planning the urban sustainable development:The case of the plan for the province of Trento, Italy[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2000,20:299-310.
[19]Shan Cao, Chi Li. The exploration of concepts and methods for Low-Carbon Eco-City Planning[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,5:199-207.
[20]Hou AM, Yuan ZJ. The successful experience of eco-city construction by foreign countries[J]. Urban Development,2006,3:7-11.
[21]Jeffrey·R·kenworthy. The eco-city:ten key transpotrt and planning dimensions for sustainable city development[J]. Environment and Urbanization,2006,18(1): 67-85.
[22]IngegaErd Eliasson. The use of climate knowledge in urban planning[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48:31-44.
[23]Roseland Mark. Dimensions of eco-city[J]. Cities,1997,14(4):197-202.
[24]吴舜泽,徐毅,王倩.环境规划：回顾与展望[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[25]Huang G Y. Review and foreseeing of the research of ecological cities [J]. Cities Development Research,2004,6(11):41-48.
[26]Grant L. Harley, Jason S.Polk. Application of a cave inventory system to stimulate development of management strategies:The case of west-central Florida, USA[J]. J. Environ. Manage,2011,92:2547-2557.
[27]黄明华,李建华,孙立等.生态思想在城市规划理论与实践中的发展——城市生长规划方法研究(Ⅱ)[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,33(3)：244-249.
[28]俞晓蓓.中国环境规划的探析[J].环境研究与监测,2001,2：69-72.
[29]Luis Enrique Sanchez. Learning about knowledge management for improving environmental impact assessment in a government agency:The Western Australian experience[J]. J.Environ. Manage,2011,92:2260-2271.
[30]Hua Zhang, Dong-Qing Zhang. Environmental and economic assessment of combined biostabilization and landfill for municipal solid waste[J]. J. Environ. Manage, 2011,92:2533-2538.
[31]Shan Cao, Chi Li. The exploration of concepts and methods for Low-Carbon Eco-City Planning[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,5:199-207.
[32]张雪花,郭怀成SD-MOP整合模型在秦皇岛市生态环境规划中的应用研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(1)：92-97.
[33]Enrique Claver,Mara D. Lopez. Environmental management and firm performance:A case study[J]. J. Environ. Manage,2007,84:606-619.
[34]Caroline Hermans, Jon Erickson. Collaborative environmental planning in river management:An application of multicriteria decision analysis in the White River Watershed in Vermont[J]. J.Environ. Manage,2007,84:534-546.
[35]Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Shimoda. Transition to a sustainable urban energy system from a long-term perspective:Case study in a Japanese business district[J]. Energy and Buildings,2007,39:1-12.
[36]http://www.dledu.com/info/359336_933038. vm
[37]乔春生.大连的“生态园林城市”建设[J].市域生态建设,2005,3(3)：16-17.
[38]http://www.dl.gov.cn/gov/atodl/intro/2012/745996_746603.vm?d_id=745996
[39]Yaobin Liu, Chengsheng Yao, Guixin Wang。An integrated sustainable development approach to modeling the eco-environmental effects from urbanization[J]. Ecological Indicators.2011,11:1599-1608.
[40]Yangfan Li, Yi Li. Canadian experience in low carbon eco-city development and the implications for China[J]. Energy Procedia.2011,5:1791-1795.
[41]张彩虹,李彤煜.城市建设可持续发展与生态规划研究[J].辽宁工学院学报,2003,5(4)：22-23.
[42]Matt Keene, Andrew S. PullinRealizing an effectiveness revolution in environmental management[J]. J.Environ. Manage,2011,92:2130-2135.
[43]尚晋.生态城市建设与评价的研究——以大连市为例[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
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