社区建设中网络交流工具的运用与管理
摘要
进入21世纪,城市化和信息化迅猛的席卷整个中国。这两股潮流改变了中国长久以来的生活模式、话语环境和交往形态。社会流动性增强,原来的社会结构瓦解,新的社会群体正在形成。城市中新型社区雨后春笋般出现,这些社区内居民之间的交往形式和社区的治理方式与传统的社区和街道也有很大的不同。
本文在回顾了社区方面的文献和研究后,利用社会网络分析理论、社会资本理论和社区治理理论,分析了杭州L社区居民通过网络交流工具的使用对社会资本和社会治理方面的影响。首先对L社区QQ群记录进行了定量分析,通过对数据的处理,设定L社区居民的亲近度,然后利用Cytoscope等软件生成他们的亲近度网络,来表示他们之间的关系。又通过对QQ群和L社区论坛内容进行分类阐述,并分析这些网络工具对居民感情的增加、个人信息和各种互助信息的交流、社区事务、自发组织活动等的影响。并指出网络工具的使用加快和维系了社区社会资本形成,并打破传统的邻里关系,使得小区内拥有共同兴趣爱好的居民聚集在一个公共平台上交流；对社区治理也产生了很大影响。最后对网络工具进一步在社区建设中发生积极作用提出相关建议。
Nowadays, China is in the progress of the urbanization and informatization. They are disrupting the living mode、discourse environment and communicating form of the traditional Chinese social structure. The liquidity of society is reinforcing and the new social structure is reconstruction. The modern community is spring up like mushrooms, The communicating form of the inhabitants and the governance mechanism of these community is very different of traditional community.
After review the literatures, the study use the social network analysis、social capital theory and community governance theory to analysis the Internet tools impacts the social capital and the community governance condition of L community in Hangzhou.
Firstly, the study take a quantitative analysis to record of the QQ group of L community, processing the data, and create the proximity network of inhabitants in L community by Cytoscope. Secondly, illuminate and sort the contents of the QQ group and BBS, analysis the impacting of the increase of the emotion during in the inhabitants、the interflow of the personal information and the helping information、the public affairs of the community and self-organization. The study point out the Internet tools increase and supplement the community social capital. And gather the homogeneous inhabitants in the public platform to communicate.
At last, the article make some suggestions that how Internet tools make more active action in community governance. Key words:Community; Internet tool; QQ group; BBS; Social network analysis; Social capital; Proximity;
本文在回顾了社区方面的文献和研究后,利用社会网络分析理论、社会资本理论和社区治理理论,分析了杭州L社区居民通过网络交流工具的使用对社会资本和社会治理方面的影响。首先对L社区QQ群记录进行了定量分析,通过对数据的处理,设定L社区居民的亲近度,然后利用Cytoscope等软件生成他们的亲近度网络,来表示他们之间的关系。又通过对QQ群和L社区论坛内容进行分类阐述,并分析这些网络工具对居民感情的增加、个人信息和各种互助信息的交流、社区事务、自发组织活动等的影响。并指出网络工具的使用加快和维系了社区社会资本形成,并打破传统的邻里关系,使得小区内拥有共同兴趣爱好的居民聚集在一个公共平台上交流；对社区治理也产生了很大影响。最后对网络工具进一步在社区建设中发生积极作用提出相关建议。
Nowadays, China is in the progress of the urbanization and informatization. They are disrupting the living mode、discourse environment and communicating form of the traditional Chinese social structure. The liquidity of society is reinforcing and the new social structure is reconstruction. The modern community is spring up like mushrooms, The communicating form of the inhabitants and the governance mechanism of these community is very different of traditional community.
After review the literatures, the study use the social network analysis、social capital theory and community governance theory to analysis the Internet tools impacts the social capital and the community governance condition of L community in Hangzhou.
Firstly, the study take a quantitative analysis to record of the QQ group of L community, processing the data, and create the proximity network of inhabitants in L community by Cytoscope. Secondly, illuminate and sort the contents of the QQ group and BBS, analysis the impacting of the increase of the emotion during in the inhabitants、the interflow of the personal information and the helping information、the public affairs of the community and self-organization. The study point out the Internet tools increase and supplement the community social capital. And gather the homogeneous inhabitants in the public platform to communicate.
At last, the article make some suggestions that how Internet tools make more active action in community governance. Key words:Community; Internet tool; QQ group; BBS; Social network analysis; Social capital; Proximity;
引文
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①肖永英1999.社区信息服务与我国图书馆的信息化.图书馆[J]：38-40.
②周慧文2004.网络：城市社区管理的新型公共空间——以杭州德加社区为例.社会[J]:43-45.
③陈为智2009.城市社区参与中的互联网虚拟社区建设.兰州学刊[J1：173-175.
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⑤ ORGATTI S P, FOSTER P C 2003. The network paradigm in organizational research:A review and typology. Journal of management [J],29:991.
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① BARNES J A 1954. Class and committees in a Norwegian island parish. Human relations [J],7:39.
② BOTT E 1957. Family and Social Network. Roles, Norms and External Relationships in Ordinary Urban Families. London[M]. Tavistock Publications.
③ MITCHELL J C 1969. The concept and use of social networks [M]. Bobbs-Merrill.
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②王慧2010.社会网络分析在学科热点分析中的实证研究[M].江苏大学.
③王慧2010.社会网络分析在学科热点分析中的实证研究[M].江苏大学.
①韩洁2009.网络时代社区治理新途径社区论坛发展的研究[M].复旦大学.
②格里,斯托克,华夏风1999.作为理论的治理：五个论点.国际社会科学杂志(中文版)[J],1：19-29.
③ BOX R C 1998. Citizen governance:Leading American communities into the 21st century [M]. Sage Publications, Inc.
① CLARK T N 1974. Comparative Community Politics.
① R.D.PUTNAM 2000.Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of American community[M].Simon & SchuSter.; Newyork.
① WELLMAN B, HAASE A Q, WITTE J, et al.2001. Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? American behavioral scientist [J],45:436.
② GRANOVETTER M S 1973. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology [J]:1360-1380.
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③詹姆斯·凯茨,罗纳德·莱斯2007.互联网使用的社会影响[M].商务印书馆；北京.
④ R.D.PUTNAM 2000.Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of American community[M].Simon & Schuster； Newyork.
①帕克,伯吉斯,麦肯齐1987.城市社会学.芝加哥学派城市研究文集[J]：1-5.
① BOURDIEU P 1986. The forms of capital. Readings in economic sociology [J]:280-291.
② COLEMAN J S 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American journal of sociology [J]:95-120..
③ R.D.PUTNAM 2000. Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of American community [M]. Simon & Schuster; Newyork.
④奥斯特罗姆埃莉诺,龙虎2003.社会资本：流行的狂热抑或基本的概念?经济社会体制比较[J]：26-34.
⑤ WOOLCOCK M 1998. Social capital and economic development:Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework. Theory and society [J],27:151-208.
⑥ AYM N K 1993. Interpreting soap operas and creating community:Inside a computer-mediated fan culture. Journal of Folklore Research [J],30:143-176, ibid.
⑦ PROULL L, KIESLER S, KIESLER S B 1992. Connections:New ways of working in the networked organization [M]. The MIT Press.
⑧ HEINGOLD H 1998. Virtual communities. The community of the future. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass [J].
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② WELLMAN B, GULIAM 1999. Net Surfers Don't Ride Alone:Virtual Communities as Communities. Networks in the global village [J]:331-366.
③詹姆斯·凯茨,罗纳德·莱斯2007.互联网使用的社会影响[M].商务印书馆；北京.
④ LINTURI R, KOIVUNEN M R, SULKANEN J 2000. Helsinki Arena 2000-Augmenting a real city to a virtual one. Digital Cities [J]:83-96.
①肖永英1999.社区信息服务与我国图书馆的信息化.图书馆[J]：38-40.
②周慧文2004.网络：城市社区管理的新型公共空间——以杭州德加社区为例.社会[J]:43-45.
③陈为智2009.城市社区参与中的互联网虚拟社区建设.兰州学刊[J1：173-175.
④朱健东2010.信息化环境下社区形态的演变及其社会性意义.前沿[J].
⑤ ORGATTI S P, FOSTER P C 2003. The network paradigm in organizational research:A review and typology. Journal of management [J],29:991.
⑥ ORGATTI S P, MEHRA A, BRASS D J, et al.2009. Network analysis in the social sciences, science [J],323: 892.
① BARNES J A 1954. Class and committees in a Norwegian island parish. Human relations [J],7:39.
② BOTT E 1957. Family and Social Network. Roles, Norms and External Relationships in Ordinary Urban Families. London[M]. Tavistock Publications.
③ MITCHELL J C 1969. The concept and use of social networks [M]. Bobbs-Merrill.
① MILGRAM S 1967. The small world problem. Psychology today [J],2:60-67.
② GRANOVETTER M S 1973. The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology [J]:1360-1380.
①张纯刚,李明,陆得梅2004.社会网络分析——一种重要的社会学研究方法.甘肃社会科学[J].
②王慧2010.社会网络分析在学科热点分析中的实证研究[M].江苏大学.
③王慧2010.社会网络分析在学科热点分析中的实证研究[M].江苏大学.
①韩洁2009.网络时代社区治理新途径社区论坛发展的研究[M].复旦大学.
②格里,斯托克,华夏风1999.作为理论的治理：五个论点.国际社会科学杂志(中文版)[J],1：19-29.
③ BOX R C 1998. Citizen governance:Leading American communities into the 21st century [M]. Sage Publications, Inc.
① CLARK T N 1974. Comparative Community Politics.
① R.D.PUTNAM 2000.Bowling alone:The collapse and revival of American community[M].Simon & SchuSter.; Newyork.
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